1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J386_201208SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J386 AUG2012 Issued 1969-03 Reaffirmed 2012-08
5、 Superseding J386 FEB2006 Operator Restraint System for Off-Road Work Machines RATIONALE J386 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. 1. Scope This SAE Standard establishes the minimum performance requirements for pelvic restraint systems (seat belts, anchorages, and the
6、fastening elements of seat belts) necessary to restrain an operator or rider within a roll-over protective structure (ROPS) in the event of a machine roll-over, as defined in ISO 3471, or tip-over protection structure (TOPS), in the event of a machine tip over as defined in ISO 12117. This SAE Stand
7、ard applies to off-road, self-propelled work machines fitted with ROPS as specified in ISO 3471, TOPS as specified in ISO 12117 and operator restraint. 2. Normative References 2.1 Applicable Publications The following standards contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute pr
8、ovisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standa
9、rds indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. SAE J386 Reaffirmed AUG2012 Page 2 of 26 2.1.1 ISO PUBLICATIONS Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 3411:1995Earth-moving mac
10、hineryHuman physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope ISO 3471:1994Earth-moving machinery ROPSLaboratory tests and performanceAmendment 1: 1997 requirements ISO 5353:1995Earth-moving machinerySeat index point ISO 12117:1997Earth-moving machineryTip-over protection structur
11、e (TOPS) for compact excavatorsLaboratory tests and performance requirements 3. Definitions 3.1 Adjustment Hardware Hardware designed for adjusting the belt assembly to fit the user, including such hardware that may be integral with a buckle, attachment hardware, or retractor. 3.2 Seat Belt Anchorag
12、e The point where the seat belt assembly and/or extension (tether) belt is mechanically attached to the seat system and/or the machine structure. 3.3 Seat Anchorage Parts of the machine structure at which the seat system is secured. 3.4 Attachment Hardware Parts of the seat belt assembly that consis
13、ts of the necessary components to secure the seat belt assembly to the seat belt anchorage. 3.5 Attaching Bolts Threaded fasteners in the attachment hardware used to secure the seat belt assembly to the seat belt anchorage. 3.6 Strap (Webbing) A flexible belt to restrain the body and for transmissio
14、n of the forces to the attachment hardware. 3.7 Body Block The test device used to apply the seat belt force to the seat system (reference Figure 2). 3.8 Buckle and Latchplate A quick-release connector which fastens the belt assembly into a loop. SAE J386 Reaffirmed AUG2012 Page 3 of 26 3.9 Micro-Sl
15、ip (Creep) The amount of unintentional lengthening of the seat belt assembly loop during use that is caused by motion of the machine, the seat, and the seat belted occupant. 3.10 Extension (Tether) Belt Any strap, belt, wire cable, solid link, or etc., that aids the transfer of seat belt forces from
16、 the attachment hardware at the seat to the machine structure. 3.11 Hardware Any metal or rigid plastic part of the seat belt assembly. 3.12 Loop Complete seat belt assembly, as it would be installed around the seat occupant. 3.13 Operator Restraint System Total system composed of the seat belt asse
17、mbly, seat system, anchorages, and extension (tether) belts, if applicable, which transfers the seat belt force to a machine. 3.14 Polyester Yarn Yarns spun from polyethylene terephthalate. 3.15 Retractors Devices for storing all or part of the strap material of a seat belt assembly. 3.16 Automatic
18、Locking Retractor (ALR) A retractor allowing extraction of the strap to the desired length and which, when the buckle is fastened, automatically adjusts the strap to the wearer. Further extraction of the strap is prevented without voluntary intervention by the wearer. 3.17 Emergency Locking Retracto
19、r (ELR) A retractor, which during normal driving conditions does not restrict the freedom of movement by the wearer of the seat belt. Such a device has length adjusting components which automatically adjust the strap to the wearer and a locking mechanism actuated in an emergency by: Deceleration or
20、rollover of the machine (single sensitivity), a combination of machine deceleration, strapping acceleration or any other locking means (multiple sensitivity). 3.18 Nonlocking Retractor A retractor from which the strap is extracted to its full length by a small external force and which provides no ad
21、justment for the length of the extracted strap and no means for locking any strap not extracted from the mechanism at any time including an emergency. SAE J386 Reaffirmed AUG2012 Page 4 of 26 3.19 Roping Tendency of a piece of material to twist upon itself or roll up transversely, remaining in the f
22、orm of a rope instead of staying in its original strap form. 3.20 Seat Belt Assembly (Pelvic Retraint - Type 1) (Belt, Seat Belt) Any strap or belt device across the lap or pelvic girdle area designed to provide operator restraint in a machine; includes buckles or other features and may include the
23、seat belt attachment hardware. 3.21 Seat Index Point (SIP) Point on the central vertical plane of the seat as determined by the SIP-device when installed in the operators seat as defined in ISO 5353:1995. 3.22 Seat System Total support mechanism providing the interface between machine and operator i
24、ntended to seat one machine operator; includes, if provided, the seat assembly, seat adjustment mechanisms, seat support and the seat suspension. 4. Machine Related Requirements 4.1 Anchorages 4.1.1 Seat belt anchorages shall permit the seat belt assembly to be readily installed or replaced and shal
25、l comply with the strength requirements of 4.4 4.1.2 If the seat does not swivel nor has a suspension system, the seat belt assembly may be anchored to the seat or to the machine at any point within the hatched zones shown in Figure 1. For SIP definition, see ISO 5353. 4.1.3 Alternatively, the seat
26、belt assembly shall be attached to anchorages on the seat near the corners of the seat cushion within the hatched zone shown in Figure 1, so that the loop size of the seat belt assembly does not change as the seat suspension oscillates. 4.2 Extension (Tether) Belts 4.2.1 Belts, cables, or similar fl
27、exible devices may be used to transfer the seat belt assembly forces from the seat belt anchorages to the machine. The extension belt length may be adjustable. 4.2.2 Extension belts must meet the seat belt assembly force requirements of 4.4 in all operating positions. SAE J386 Reaffirmed AUG2012 Pag
28、e 5 of 26 FIGURE 1LOCATION OF SEAT BELT ANCHORAGE WITH RESPECT TO SEAT INDEX POINT 4.3 Seat Belt Assembly Installation 4.3.1 The seat belt assembly shall be located such that when the seat belts are in a straight line through the SIP, the angle formed from the horizontal will be in the range of 60 d
29、egrees 15 degrees as shown in Figure 1 for all operating positions. Where practical, the preferred angle through the SIP is toward the more vertical. 4.3.2 The seat belt assembly is intended to remain in the pelvic girdle area under operating, collision, and rollover conditions, thereby restraining
30、the operators hips and lower torso area to the seat assembly. SAE J386 Reaffirmed AUG2012 Page 6 of 26 4.3.3 Seat belt assemblies should be inspected by the user regularly. Replace the seat belt assembly immediately if damage such as worn or damaged hardware, nicked or frayed strap, buckle or retrac
31、tor malfunction, or loose stitching is found. 4.4 Performance Requirements 4.4.1 The operator restraint system shall be tested on-machine or in a manner equivalent to an on-machine condition. 4.4.2 The seat shall be adjusted to the operating position, which produces the most severe loading condition
32、 to the operator restraint system, prior to any subsequent structural deflection. 4.4.3 After the force is applied to the operator restraint system, the force application device shall not be repositioned to compensate for any changes that may occur to the force application angle. 4.4.4 The seat belt
33、 assembly force shall be applied using a body block similar to that shown in Figure 2. If a retractor is included in the assembly, refer to 5.4. FIGURE 2BODY BLOCK (DIMENSIONS IN mm) 4.4.5 For machines with seat systems having a mass greater than 70 kg such as those that include add-on control modul
34、es, it is necessary that the seat support be designed to withstand an additional force of ten times the mass of the seat system which exceeds the 70 kg mass. 4.4.6 With the test set-up free of slack, a force of 15 000 N plus 10 times 9.8 N/kg multiplied by any mass (kg) of the seat system greater th
35、an 70 kg shall be applied to the seat belt assembly in the forward and upward direction. The initial angle of force application shall be 60 degrees 15 degrees from the horizontal, with the line of force approximately passing through the SIP. (For the SIP definition, see ISO 5353) (see Figure 3). The
36、 force shall be attained in not more than 30 s and maintained for not less than 10 s. Example: If a seat system has a 70 kg mass but an 18 kg seat mounted control is added then the force is: 15 000 N + (10) (9.8 N/kg) (18 kg) = 16 760 N (Eq. 1) SAE J386 Reaffirmed AUG2012 Page 7 of 26 FIGURE 3CONSTR
37、UCTION AND GENERAL PURPOSE INDUSTRIAL MACHINES TEST PROCEDURE 4.4.7 There must be no rupture, release, or other failure of any element in the operator restraint system. Permanent deformation of any elements shall not constitute failure. 5. Restraint System Component Requirements 5.1 Seat Belt Assemb
38、ly Specifications 5.1.1 SINGLE OCCUPANCY A seat belt assembly shall be designed for use by one, and only one, person at any time. 5.1.2 RELEASE The seat belt assembly shall be provided with a buckle or latch readily accessible to the occupant and designed to provide easy and rapid release of the ass
39、embly with a single motion. It shall also be capable of being released with either hand, bare or mittened. The buckle shall be designed to minimize the possibility of accidental release due to operator movement, inertia, or external forces. The buckle shall meet all the requirements described in 5.3
40、. 5.1.3 ADJUSTMENT HARDWARE The seat belt shall be self-adjusting or readily adjustable by a means within easy reach of the occupant. Any adjustment of the seat belt shall be capable of being made with mittened hands. SAE J386 Reaffirmed AUG2012 Page 8 of 26 5.1.4 STRAP The strap length shall be adj
41、ustable for the 5th percentile to the arctic clothed 95th percentile operator. See ISO 3411. 5.1.5 MICRO-SLIP Two seat belt assemblies of the same part number, with adjusting devices included, shall be tested in accordance with the requirements outlined below. The micro-slip shall not exceed 25 mm f
42、or each adjusting device in the assembly. The sum of micro-slip amounts for all adjusting devices in the belt assembly shall not exceed 40 mm. 5.1.5.1 Conditions Two seat belt assemblies of the same part number shall be conditioned for 24 h at a temperature of 20 C 5 C and 65% 5% relative humidity.
43、The test shall be conducted at a temperature between 15 C and 30 C. The test apparatus shall conform to that shown in Figure 4 . FIGURE 4MICRO-SLIP TEST APPARATUS (DIMENSIONS IN mm) SAE J386 Reaffirmed AUG2012 Page 9 of 26 5.1.5.2 Test Procedure Mount the belts as shown in Figure 4 for Test 1 and Te
44、st 2. Apply the following procedure: a. Apply a 5 kg mass to the lower end of each belt assembly; b. Apply a reciprocating motion, total amplitude of 300 mm 20 mm to the top end of each belt assembly; c. If there is a free end serving as reserve strap, it shall not be fastened or clipped to the sect
45、ion subjected to the 5 kg mass; d. Ensure that on the test bench, the strap in the slack position maintains contact with the full length of the body block; e. Guide the 5 kg mass vertically in a manner to prevent swaying of the mass and twisting of the belt during test; f. The attachment shall be fi
46、xed to the 5 kg mass as in the machine; g. Before start of test, complete 20 cycles of the reciprocating motion to remove initial slack; h. Mark the force-bearing strap material at each adjuster in preparation for measuring creep; i. Complete 1000 cycles at a frequency of 0.5 Hertz at the reciprocat
47、ing motion of 300 mm 20 mm. The 5 kg mass shall be applied only during the time corresponding to a shift of 100 mm 12 mm of each half cycle. (Refer to Figure 4.); j. Measure the distance the strap material has moved at each adjusting device. 5.1.6 BREAKING STRENGTH 5.1.6.1 The complete seat belt ass
48、embly, including strapping, straps, buckles, adjustment and attachment hardware, and retractors, shall withstand a tensile force of not less than 11.1 kN, that is, each structural component of the assembly shall withstand a force of 11.1 kN when tested by the procedures specified in 5.1.6.2. 5.1.6.2
49、 All components of three seat belt assemblies shall be tested as specified in 5.1.6.2.1 and 5.1.6.2.2. 5.1.6.2.1 The pelvic restraint between seat belt anchorages shall be adjusted to a length between 914 mm and 1219 mm, or as near to this length as possible if the design of the pelvic restraint does not permit its adjustment to this length. An automatic locking or emergency locking retractor, when included in a
