1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2890_201006SURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ2890 JUN2010 Issued 2010-06 Hydraulic Fluid Power
5、 - Accelerated Method for Determining the Wear Characteristics of a Hydraulic Component Due to Contaminants RATIONALE SAE J2470 provides a test procedure to identify the sensitivity of valves to sticking or degraded performance due to contaminants but does not identify or measure the wear characteri
6、stics of hydraulic components due to contaminants. Some standards have attempted to predict the wear characteristics over the life of the component but often do not standardize the contaminants and are costly to run because of their long duration. This Recommended Practice provides an accelerated pr
7、ocedure to determine the wear characteristics of various hydraulic components by using the SAE J2470 test apparatus with a very high level of contaminants that permits testing and comparison of designs in a relatively short time.1. SCOPE 1.1 This Recommended Practice defines a procedure, which will
8、aid in assessing the contaminant wear characteristics of hydraulic components. This procedure utilizes a very high level of contaminant that permits an accelerated test to determine the wear effects of contamination in a relatively short period. This recommended practice utilizes the contamination s
9、ensitivity test circuit identified in SAE J2470. 1.2 This procedure does not establish contamination wear requirements for any hydraulic component. The user of this procedure needs to be aware of the system contamination level that the component will operate in and select test contamination levels s
10、ignificantly higher than the operating level in order to assess the suitability of the component. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall
11、 apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE ARP490 Electrohydraulic Servovalves SAE ARP785 Aerospace - Procedure for the Determination of P
12、articulate Contamination in Hydraulic Fluids by the Control Filter Gravimetric Procedure SAE J2890 Issued JUN2010 Page 2 of 15SAE AS4059 Aerospace Fluid Power - Cleanliness Classification for Hydraulic Fluids SAE AIR4246 Contaminants for Aircraft Turbine Engine Fuel System Component Testing SAE J247
13、0 Hydraulic Fluid Power - Valves - Method for Assessing the Lock Sensitivity to Contaminants 2.1.2 NFPA Publications Available from the National Fluid Power Association, 3333 N. Mayfair Road, Suite 211, Milwaukee, WI 53222-2319, Tel: 414-778-3344, .NFPA/T3.5.15M Hydraulic fluid power - Valves - Meth
14、od for determining the internal leakage characteristics NFPA/T3.5.30 Hydraulic fluid power - Measurement of response time - Solenoid operated directional control valves 2.1.3 ISO Publications Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212
15、-642-4900, www.ansi.org or from the National Fluid Power Association, 3333 N. Mayfair Road, Suite 211, Milwaukee, WI 53222-2319, Tel: 414-778-3344, .ISO 1219-1 Fluid power systems and components - Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams - Part 1: Graphic symbols for conventional use and data-processing
16、 applications ISO 3448 Industrial liquid lubricants - ISO viscosity classification ISO 4021 Hydraulic fluid power - Particulate contamination analysis - Extraction of fluid samples from lines of an operating system ISO 4405 Hydraulic fluid power - Fluid power - Fluid contamination - Determination of
17、 particulate contamination level by the gravimetric method ISO 4406 Hydraulic fluid Power - Fluids - Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles ISO 5598 Fluid power systems and components - Vocabulary ISO 10770-1 Hydraulic fluid power - Electrically modulated hydraulic control v
18、alves - Part 1: Test Methods for four-way directional flow control valves ISO 10770-2 Hydraulic fluid power - Electrically modulated hydraulic control valves - Part 2: Test Methods for three-way directional flow control valves ISO 12103-1 Road vehicles -Test dust for filter evaluation - Part 1: Ariz
19、ona test dust ISO 16889 Hydraulic fluid power filters - Multi-pass method for evaluating filtration performance of a filter element 3. DEFINITIONS For definitions of terms not identified below see ISO 5598. 3.1 CONTAMINATION SENSITIVITY The change in component performance caused by particulate conta
20、minants in the fluid. SAE J2890 Issued JUN2010 Page 3 of 154. GENERAL TEST REQUIREMENTS The basic test circuit shall be similar to that identified in SAE J2470 with modifications as necessary for the type of component being tested. This test circuit can be adapted from a filter multi-pass test circu
21、it used by many filter manufacturers to conduct multi-pass tests of filter performance in accordance with ISO 16889. 4.1 Test Equipment 4.1.1 Test Equipment for Testing of Hydraulic Components 4.1.1.1 The test system shall consist of a test circuit as illustrated in Figures 1 through 4 consisting of
22、 a reservoir, a pumping unit, an injection system, a heat exchanger, a flow meter, pressure gauges, a temperature indicator, a relief valve and cleanup control filters in addition to the component under test. Select components for the test circuit that are of a design known to function satisfactoril
23、y with contaminated fluid. Use a hydraulic pump for testing valves and actuators which is as insensitive to contamination as possible. Ball check valve type piston pumps have been shown to be suitable for this purpose. Figures 2 through 4 show test circuits for various types of components. 4.1.1.2 C
24、onstruct the reservoir with a conical bottom having an included angle of less than 90 degrees to ensure sufficient fluid agitation. Diffuse the hydraulic fluid entering the reservoir below the surface of the fluid. 4.1.1.3 Construct the injection chamber in a manner which ensures that no contaminant
25、 is trapped in the chamber. A chamber with a volume of approximately 500 mL, with a length to diameter ratio of approximately 10 and having a conical bottom with an included angle of less than 90 degrees, is recommended. 4.1.1.4 Use a heat exchanger that does not constitute a contaminant trap. NOTE:
26、 It is recommended that either a one or two-pass unit be used and mounted vertically with the hydraulic flluid entering the heat exchanger from the bottom. It is also recommended that the hydraulic fluid be circulated through the tube side and the water through the shell side. 4.1.1.5 Use a flow met
27、er that is insensitive to contaminant and is accurate to within 2% of full value. 4.1.1.6 Use control filters which are capable of providing a contaminant background of less than or equal to 40 particles/mL greater than 4 m(c) size and less than or equal to 10 particles/mL greater than 14 m(c) size.
28、 4.1.1.7 Provide for gravimetric measurement of the contamination level of the fluid in accordance with SAE ARP785 or ISO 4405. 4.2 Test Fluid and Volume 4.2.1 Use a mineral oil of viscosity grade 32 fluid in accordance with ISO 3448 unless the customer identifies a specific fluid.4.2.2 A test syste
29、m (exclusive of the system cleanup filter circuit) with a fluid volume that is numerically equal to one-fourth to one-half the designated volume flow per minute is recommended. The fluid volume shall be recorded. 4.3 Materials 4.3.1 Have available a supply of clean fluid sample bottles and a supply
30、of clean slurry injection bottles. 4.4 Precautions 4.4.1 Ensure that the connecting lines and components are of such size that turbulent mixing will exist throughout the test circuit, excluding the components being tested. 4.4.2 Take precautions to prevent contaminant traps, silting areas, and combi
31、nations of cyclonic separation zones and quiescent chambers. Also ensure that the test circuit does not exhibit the presence of entrained air. SAE J2890 Issued JUN2010 Page 4 of 15FIGURE 1 - TYPICAL CONTAMINANT LIFE TEST CIRCUIT MInjection ChamberRelief ValveFlow MeterCleanupFilterSample PortV-1V-2V
32、-3CoolerSAE J2890 Issued JUN2010 Page 5 of 15FIGURE 2 - TEST CIRCUIT FOR 4-PORT VALVE AND MOTOR MInjection ChamberRelief ValveFlow MeterCleanupFilterSample PortV-1V-3CoolerMSAE J2890 Issued JUN2010 Page 6 of 15FIGURE 3 - TEST CIRCUIT FOR 3-PORT VALVE USING ACCUMULATOR MInjection ChamberRelief ValveF
33、low MeterCleanupFilterSample PortV-1V-3CoolerAccV-2SAE J2890 Issued JUN2010 Page 7 of 15FIGURE 4 - TEST CIRCUIT FOR 3-PORT VALVE AND MOTOR MInjection ChamberRelief Valve Flow MeterCleanupFilterSample PortV-1V-3CoolerMV-2SAE J2890 Issued JUN2010 Page 8 of 154.5 Selection of Test Contaminants 4.5.1 Te
34、st Contaminants Table 1 lists the contaminants that may be used for contaminant life tests. For all tests the primary contaminant used is ISO 12103-1 Arizona A1 Ultrafine or A-2 Fine test dust or a classified cut of the A-2 Fine test dust. For electrical operated valves, the test contaminant is a mi
35、xture of the Arizona Test Dust and Iron Oxide. Table 2 lists the iron oxide sizes. a. Contaminant options without an alphabetical suffix per Table 1 are recommended for testing when the magnetic properties of the contaminant are not a concern. This is generally the case except for electrically opera
36、ted valves. For contaminant options without a suffix, classified Arizona Test Dust is the only contaminant. TABLE 1 - TEST CONTAMINANTS Contaminant Options ISO 12103-1 Test Dust (Size) Iron Oxide Size Table 2 Percent I Iron Oxide by Weight 1 080 m(c) ISO 12103-1 A2 Fine dust None 01X* Same as above
37、A, B or C” 25 2 040 m(c) (see 4.5.3 ) None 0 2X* Same as above A, B or C* 25 3 020 m(c) (see 4.5.3 ) None 03X* Same as above A, B or C” 25 4 010 m(c) ISO 12103-1 A1 Ultrafine dust None 0 4X* Same as above A, B or C* 25 * Normally the X will be replaced by the desired iron oxide size option (A, B or
38、C). If the X designation is used the test laboratory may select any one of the three options. Size B covers the widest size range and is recommended. b. Contaminant options with an alphabetical suffix per Table 1 are recommended for electrically operated valves where magnetic properties may affect v
39、alve operation. Table 2 lists three size options for magnetic iron oxide particles. The user has the option of specifying any of the three sizes. However, the size B (0 to 10 m(c) iron oxide particles are generally preferred as they provide a wider range of sizes. Table 1 lists the percentage of iro
40、n oxide by weight to be mixed with the Arizona test dust. Iron particles have a density of approximately two times that of the test dust particles. Therefore, the percentage of particles being iron oxide varies depending upon the size distribution of Arizona test dust mixed with the iron oxide parti
41、cles. TABLE 2 - IRON OXIDE CONTAMINANTS Grade Designator Size Micrometres Composition Source A 05 Magnetite Fe3O4SeeAppendix B B 010 C 510 SAE J2890 Issued JUN2010 Page 9 of 154.5.2 Contaminant Concentration Levels Table 3 identifies three concentrations of contaminants recommended for testing. Thes
42、e levels are 100, 50 and 25 mg of contaminant per liter of fluid. As indicated in Table 3, the contamination ingression rate and degree of filtration provided for the system can be considered in selection of the contaminant concentration level. However, for the tests there will be no filters install
43、ed in the test circuit. TABLE 3 - RECOMMENDED TEST CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS System Characteristics Concentration X (mg/L) Tolerance (mg/L)Heavy Contaminant Ingression, System possesses Limited or no system filtration 100 10 Medium Contaminant Ingression, System Filters haveEfficiency of Beta 20 20
44、0 50 5 Limited Contaminant Ingression, System Filters have Efficiency of Beta 10 200 25 2.5 4.5.3 Selection of Test Contaminant Size Range Options For the test results to more accurately reflect the service conditions it is recommended that the type of filtration installed in the in-service system/c
45、ircuit be considered when selecting the contaminant option. For example, if a servo valve is protected by a very fine filter immediately upstream of the valve, one should select a contaminant in which the majority of particles are of a size that may pass through the filter. The same concept applies
46、to a pump if suitable filtration is providedby a pump suction or return line filter. In cases where such in-service filtration is provided, classified cuts of the A2 Finetest dust or the A1 ultrafine test dust can be considered. Table 4 provides guidance on the selection of the appropriate contamina
47、nts and 4.5.4 provides additional information on the test dust. 4.5.3.1 Contaminant Selection Criteria for Hydraulic Valves Valves should not be subjected to a contaminant life test unless the valve has first been subjected to and performed satisfactorily in a lock sensitivity test per SAE J2470 wit
48、h a contaminant concentration level greater or equal to the contamination level proposed for the contaminant life test. If a filter is to be installed in the in-service supply line immediately upstream of the valve, then it is permissible to test with classified cuts of the ISO 12103-1. See Table 4
49、for guidance as to recommended contaminant when in-service filters are installed in the system immediately upstream of the valve for which the test is being conducted. Installation of the filter during the contaminant life test is not permitted although screens and filters integral with the valve may remain installed and cleaned or replaced as necessary during the test. 4.5.3.2 Contaminant Selection Cr
