1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2016 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi
3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out
4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/standards.sae.org/J2892_201610SURFACE VEHICLERECOMMENDED PRACTICEJ2892 OCT2016Issued 2013-10Revised 2016-10Superseding J2892
5、OCT2013Graphics - Based Service InformationRATIONALETranslating assembly and service instructions into multiple human languages is a major cost and lengthy task in new product programs of global businesses. One approach to minimizing translation cost and time is based on the idea that a picture can
6、replace a thousand words. Automotive manufacturers adopting this approach have traditionally developed their own proprietary systems of illustration-based manuals. Although this approach might save money in the short term, proprietary manuals require proprietary training materials and courses, which
7、 drive up longer-term costs versus a standard system. In addition, service technicians who change employers have to be re-trained to understand each companys unique system of illustrated instructions. The overall result is an inefficient system prone to extra expense and occasional errors by technic
8、ians.To help address these issues, in 2009 SAEs Service Development Steering Committee authorized a Graphics-Based Service Information Taskforce to begin development of a standard that would clearly illustrate key assembly, adjustment, and disassembly tasks performed by automotive service technician
9、s. Creating standard conventions and symbols allowsconsistent messages to be communicated across industry and deliverable types.1. SCOPEThis document establishes standard graphical symbols and color conventions for use in either still (static) or animated graphics used for communicating service info
10、rmation. This documents purpose is to communicate conventions for using those symbols and colors to accurately and consistently communicate intended information via graphics-based documentation. These practices are intended for use in service procedures, assembly instructions, training materials, an
11、d similar applications when trying to minimize the amount of human natural language text used within the document. The still and animated graphical conventions referenced should support effective communication via paper and “traditional” electronic media. The conventions can also extend to documenti
12、ng via additional electronic delivery paradigms such as Augmented Reality (AR).This document is intended for organizations interested in using graphics-based documentation to record and communicate assembly, adjustment, maintenance, and other service procedures. Adoption of this documents recommenda
13、tions involves a series of business decisions. An organization choosing to follow this recommended practice is able to decide to implement the entire set of recommendations or to selectively adopt only those recommendations it determines are appropriate for their unique needs and situation. Short an
14、d long-term retention of an organizations legacy symbols and conventions are options to consider. Implementation may be partial or progress through multiple stages towards the full set of recommendations. In all situations, realizing this documents maximum, long-term benefits for all companies, orga
15、nizations, and people requires that the symbols, colors, and conventions recommended be widely taught and applied.SAE INTERNATIONAL J2892 OCT2016 Page 2 of 442. REFERENCES2.1 Applicable DocumentsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless other
16、wise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J2892 Graphics Based Service Informa
17、tion2.1.2 ASDSTAN PublicationsAvailable from ASD-STAN Secretariat, Rue Montoyer, 10/5, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium, Tel: +32 2 775 81 26, www.asd-stan.org.S1000D International specification for technical publications utilizing a common source database2.1.3 IEC PublicationsAvailable from IEC Central Off
18、ice, 3, rue de Varembe, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 919 02 11, www.iec.ch.IEC 80416-1 Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment - Part 1: Creation of symbol originalsIEC 80416-3 Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment - Part 3: Guid
19、elines for the application of graphical symbolsIEC 60417 Graphical symbols for use on equipment IEC 60417 is only available via subscription in database form at URL http:/www.graphical-symbols.info/2.1.4 ISO StandardsCopies of these documents are available online at http:/webstore.ansi.org/ISO 3864-
20、1 Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markingsISO 7000 Graphical symbols for use on equipment - Registered symbolsISO 7000 is available via subscription in database form at URL http:/www.graphical-symbols.info/Symbols are availab
21、le in the ISO online Browsing Platform at URL https:/www.iso.org/obp/ui/ISO 7001 Graphical symbols - Public information symbolsSymbols are available in the ISO online Browsing Platform at URL https:/www.iso.org/obp/ui/ISO 80416-2 Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment - Part 2:
22、Form and use of arrowsISO 80416-4 Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment - Part 4: Guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screens and displays (icons)SAE INTERNATIONAL J2892 OCT2016 Page 3 of 443. DEFINITIONS3.1 AMBERA color that is a combination of red, y
23、ellow, and black. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1.3.2 AUGMENTED REALITYInformation projected into a persons view of the physical world. The information is either text or graphics and is normally associated with physical objects and its projected orientation and s
24、cale are controlled in real-time by the using persons and viewing devices relative position and orientation with those physical objects.3.3 BLACKA color that is the result of not emitting or reflecting light in any part of visible light. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Fi
25、gure 1.3.4 BLINKCausing a part or visualization to rapidly switch one or more times between being visible and invisible.3.5 BLUEA primary color that is generally similar to the appearance of a clear sky. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1.3.6 BLUE/WHITE DASHAlternat
26、ing blue and white bands. See Figure 1.3.7 BUBBLEA circle, square or other outline used to encompass a part, feature or group of objects for the purpose of drawing attention to the objects in their interior.3.8 CALLOUTAlpha or numeric identifiers used with accompanying steps, tables, or text. Callou
27、ts are frequently used to indicate sequence of operation and to associate a specification and other information with a part.3.9 COLORColor is the visual perception in humans of the presence of varying percentages of red, green, and blue in reflected oremitted light. Use the ASD-STAN S1000D pallet, a
28、s defined in that documents chapter 3.9.2.2.1, for generating the majority of the colors named in this document. See Figure 1.3.10 CYANA greenish-blue color, it is midway between blue and green, making it the complementary color to red. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Fig
29、ure 1.3.11 FLASHCausing a part or visualization to rapidly switch four or more times between two different appearancesSAE INTERNATIONAL J2892 OCT2016 Page 4 of 443.12 GREENA color between blue and yellow. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1.3.13 ICONA small graphical
30、 symbol used on computer displays and printed pages the meaning of which is often interpreted through its resemblance to physical objects.3.14 LEADER LINEA thin line, frequently with an arrow head, and oriented at an angle to tie information to a part or feature3.15 LIGHT BLUEA color that is general
31、ly similar to the appearance of a clear sky. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1.3.16 LIGHT GREYA neutral color between black and white. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1.3.17 MAGENTAA color that is deep purplish red that is the com
32、plementary color of green and, with yellow and cyan, forms a set of subtractive primary colors. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1.3.18 MULTIPLEHaving more than one part resulting in an act occurring more than once. For example: Removing the five cap-screws attachin
33、g a wheel rim to the wheel hub.3.19 ONE COLOR PRINTINGPrinting using one color of ink on paper; normally black ink on white paper.3.20 PATTERNINGA repetitious patterned fill, such as alternating color squares, stripes or others, to the interior of one or more parts in 2Dillustration or applying the
34、same to the exterior skin of a 3D visualization of the same.3.21 PROCEDURE COMPONENTSSubdivisions of a procedure: title, table of contents, index of messages, graphic symbols glossary, special tools used, list of procedure steps, procedure steps, references, and ending.3.22 PURPLEA mixture of blue a
35、nd red. This color is not part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1.3.23 REDA primary color that is generally similar to the appearance of a ruby. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1.SAE INTERNATIONAL J2892 OCT2016 Page 5 of 443.24 REPETITIONThe act of r
36、epeating the performance of an action, process or step more than once. For example: Turn a cap-screw in a clockwise direction for three complete rotations.3.25 RGBAn additive color model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The
37、name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, Red, Green, and Blue.3.26 SPECIAL TOOLA unique tool needed to perform a service action on a product.3.27 WHITEA mixture of all colors. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1.3.28 YELLOWA col
38、or that is generally similar to the appearance of ripe lemons and, with magenta and cyan, forms a set of subtractive primary colors. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1.Figure 1 - Recommended color palletSAE INTERNATIONAL J2892 OCT2016 Page 6 of 444. METHODS TO COMMU
39、NICATE A SERVICE ACTIONWith increasing globalization of service literature, translation efforts significantly impact project budgets and timelines. Graphics and standardized symbols become viable tools for reducing translation workload. Graphics and standardized symbols are generally deemed to be mo
40、re quickly understood and clearer than text for most readers. Text is required when an action cannot be adequately and clearly communicated by a graphic alone.General guidelines for work action authoring:x The best work action communication method is usually a graphic.x Graphics depicting or support
41、ing the work action should be the default method.x Standardized graphical symbols and color can be added within the graphic or nearby to communicate simple common tasks (e.g., move, inflate, and tighten).x Text should be added only when a graphic and a standardized symbol does not fully communicate
42、the work action.x Adding text with a graphic should be done only when necessary to explain critical details, special techniques, or other non-intuitive work actions.x Textual content should be saved and reused to reduce future translation costs.x Avoid using specific details such as component names
43、or unique qualifiers. For example, “Inspect the component for corrosion“ supports greater reuse, and therefore lower translation costs, than “Inspect the brake rotor for corrosion“x Keep sentences short to promote reuse.x Reuse existing sentences rather than create similar but textually different wo
44、rk instructions that cause additional translation time and money. For example, reuse “Remove bolts and slide rotor off of bearing hub“ rather than create a new sentence: “Remove 5 bolts and slide brake rotor off of bearing hub“.5. TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS5.1 General AppearanceStrive for consistency
45、 in the look and feel of work instructions by applying the same sequence, pace, general layout of information displays, application of colors, standard graphical symbols, messages, and graphic conventions to every work instruction.Consistency is important because it improves user comprehension. An i
46、nconsistent document creates confusion about the meaning of the graphical symbols.Assign a sequential number to every logical step and illustration within an overall procedure. Use a consistent and unique combination of location, font and format properties for the step numbers.5.2 Procedure Sequence
47、The following sequence of procedure components should be used:5.2.1 TitleBeginning the procedure with its title enables the user to confirm they are viewing the information they need to understand.5.2.2 Table of Contents (optional)Including a table of contents in the procedure facilitates the users
48、rapid navigation of the information if the procedure hasthree or more of this sections component parts or the documentation is animated.SAE INTERNATIONAL J2892 OCT2016 Page 7 of 445.2.3 Index of Messages (optional)Including a sequential list of all text based messages and specifications within the p
49、rocedure facilitates the users rapid access to the information and can provide an experienced user all they need to know for properly performing the task.5.2.4 Graphic Symbols and Color GlossaryA symbols dictionary or glossary is a critical element of any technical document that uses graphic symbols. If a comprehensive dictionary of all graphic symbols used within all procedures is readily available
