1、Connectivity and the Mobility Industry Edited by Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr. SAE International PROGRESS IN TECHNOLOGY SERIES Connectivity and the Mobility IndustryOther SAE books of interest: Green Technologies and the Mobility Industry By Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr. (Product Code: PT-146) Active Safety and the
2、 Mobility Industry By Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr. (Product Code: PT-147) Automotive 2030 North America By Bruce Morey (Product Code: T-127) Multiplexed Networks for Embedded Systems By Dominique Paret (Product Code: R-385) For more information or to order a book, contact SAE International at 400 Commonwea
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9、vicesae.org phone: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) 724-776-4970 (outside USA) fax: 724-776-0790 Visit the SAE International Bookstore at http:/books.sae.orgTable of Contents Introduction Connectivity and the Mobility Industry 3Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr., P .E., FESD, NAE President, SAE International
10、, 2010 Special Contributions What to Expect Beyond 2015 Fourth Generation (4G) Wireless and the Vehicle 11Steven H. Bayless and Scott Belcher The Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITS America) The Evolution of the Driving Experience and Associated Technologies 33Douglas L. Welk, Tim D.
11、Bolduc, Gerald J. Witt, and Keenan A. Estese Delphi Electronics and Safety Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicle Converged with Communications Technology 41Dr. In-Soo Suh, Professor, Cho Chun Shik Graduate School for Green Transportation KAIST, Daejeon, Korea Challenges and Benefits Autonomous Drivi
12、ng A Practical Roadmap (2010-01-2335) 55Jeffrey D. Rupp and Anthony G. King The Line Within: Redrawing the Boundary of Connected Vehicle Systems Engineering (2010-01-2322) 77Robert Gee Metrics for Evaluating Electronic Control System Architecture Alternatives (2010-01-0453) 89Arkadeb Ghosal et al. C
13、onnected Vehicle Accelerates Green Driving (2010-01-2315) 99Tsuguo NobeCommunications Vehicular Safety Enabling Safety and Mobility through Connectivity (2010-01-2318) 109Chris Domin Vehicle Safety Communications Applications: System Design & Objective Testing Results (2011-01-0575) 119Farid Ahmed-Z
14、aid et al. Prioritized CSMA Protocol for Roadside-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Systems (2009-01-0165) 137Jun Kosai et al. Communications Vehicle Networks Vehicular Networks for Collision Avoidance at Intersections (2011-01-0573) 145Seyed Reza Azimi et al. Nomadic Device Connectivi
15、ty Using the AMI-C HMI Architecture (2009-01-0959) 157Frank Szczublewski et al. “Verify-on-Demand” A Practical and Scalable Approach for Broadcast Authentication in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication (2011-01-0584) 161Hariharan Krishnan et al. Communications PHEV/EV Requirements Communication Requirem
16、ents for Plug-in Electric Vehicles (2011-01-0866) 175Richard A. Scholer et al. Communication Between Plug-in Vehicles and the Utility Grid (2010-01-0837) 191Richard A. Scholer et al.Technologies Intelligent Vehicle Technologies that Improve Safety, Congestion and Efficiency: Overview and Public Poli
17、cy Role (2009-01-0168) 205Eric C. Sauck Eco Navigation with Vehicle Interaction (2010-36-0280) 215Ricardo Takahira Comparative Analysis of Automatic Steering Technologies and Intelligent Transportation System Applied to BRT (2010-36-0310) 237Leopoldo Yoshioka et al. Development of HMI and Telematics
18、 Systems for a Reliable and Attractive Electric Vehicle (2011-01-0554) 251Shiochi Yoshizawa et al. Applications Commercial Business Viability of IntelliDrive Safety Applications (2010-01-2313) 263Robert White et al. Performance of Aftermarket (DSRC) Antennas Inside a Passenger Vehicle (2011-01-1031)
19、 275Radavan Miucic and Sue Bai Cybercars for Sustainable Urban Mobility A European Collaborative Approach (2010-01-2345) 281Michel Parent Merge Ahead: Integrating Heavy Duty Vehicle Networks with Wide Area Network Services (2010-01-2053) 285Mark P . Zachos Editors and Special Contributors Biographie
20、s About the Editor 325Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr. Special Contributors 326Steven H. BaylessScott BelcherDouglas L. WelkTim D. BolducGerald J. WittKeenan A. EsteseDr. In-Soo SuhIntroduction3 Connectivity and the Mobility Industry Introduction The nature of being connected while driving has changed dramatic
21、ally over the years. It was once sufficient to have AM radio as base reception and to seek FM signals while driving long distances. There were regional lists of such stations that drivers could tune to for favorite programs. Now, with the emergence of portable nomadic devices (PNDs) not only does th
22、e vehicle occupant want AM/FM, but XM satellite radio, MP3 functionality, smart phone connectivity, and other applications. In addition, sophisticated networks such as DSRC, WIFI, WIMAX, Bluetooth, and 3G can enable driver-to-service, vehicle-to-vehicle, and vehicle-to-infrastructure functionality.
23、The vehicle is regarded not only as a communication site, but also as a node on the internet. The challenges of greenhouse gas (GHG), fuel economy improvement, emissions reductions, and even increased safety pose the need for the vehicle to connect to the electric power grid for battery charging. Th
24、e electric power grid presents its own communication and connectivity issues augmented by the opportunity to perform wireless charging. The emergence of fourth generation (4G), long term evolution (LTE) represents an opportunity to provide seamless connectivity across silos in the process. In this p
25、ublication, we intend to explore these dimensions of Connectivity and the Mobility Industry, starting with three excellent articles newly written for this project, which lay the framework for our discussions. The articles and authors are: “ What to Expect Beyond 2015 - Fourth Generation (4G) Wireles
26、s and the Vehicle” by Steven Bayless and Scott Belcher “ The Evolution of the Driving Experience and Associated Technologies” by Douglas Welk et al. “ Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicle Converged with Communications Technology” by In-Soo Suh, PhD. We augment these articles with 20 specially selec
27、ted papers intended to elaborate on the dimensions of Connectivity and the Mobility Industry. For clarity, they are listed in the categories of: Challenges and Benefits, Communications - Vehicular Safety, Communication - Vehicle Networks, Communication PHEV/EV Requirements, Technologies, and Applica
28、tions.4 Challenges and Benefits “ Autonomous Driving - A Practical Roadmap” by Jeffrey D. Rupp & Anthony G. King, 2010. “ The Line Within: Redrawing the Boundary of Connected Vehicle Systems Engineering” by Robert Gee, 2010. “ Metrics for Evaluating Electronic Control System Architecture Alternative
29、s” by Arkadeb Ghosal et al., 2010. “ Connected Vehicle Accelerates Green Driving” by Tsuguo Nobe, 2010. Communications Vehicular Safety “ Enabling Safety and Mobility through Connectivity” by Chris Domin, 2010. “ Vehicle Safety Communications - Applications: System Design and Objective Testing Resul
30、ts” by Farid Ahmed-Zaid et al., 2010. “ Prioritized CSMA Protocol for Roadside-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Systems” by Jun Kosai et al., 2009. Communications Vehicle Networks “ Vehicular Networks for Collision Avoidance at Intersections” by Seyed Reza Azimi et al., 2011. “ Nomadi
31、c Device Connectivity Using the AMI-C HMI Architecture” by Frank Szczublewski et al., 2009. “ Verify-on-Demand - A Practical and Scalable Approach for Broadcast Authentication in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication” by Hariharan Krishnan et al., 2011. Communications PHEV/EV Requirements “ Communication
32、 Requirements for Plug-In Electric Vehicles” by Richard A. Scholer et al., 2011. “ Communication between Plug-in Vehicles and the Utility Grid” by Richard A. Scholer et al., 2010. Technologies “ Intelligent Vehicle Technologies that Improve Safety, Congestion, and Efficiency: Overview and Public Pol
33、icy Role” by Eric C. Sauck, 2009. “ Eco Navigation with Vehicle Interaction” by Ricardo Takahira, 2010. “ Comparative Analysis of Automatic Steering Technologies and Intelligent Transportation System Applied to BRT” by Leopoldo Yoshioka, 2010. “ Development of HMI and Telematics Systems for a Reliab
34、le and Attractive Electric Vehicle” by Shoichi Yoshizawa et al., 2011.5 Applications “ Commercial Business Viability of IntelliDrive Safety Applications” by Robert White et al., 2010. “ Performance of Aftermarket (DSRC) Antennas inside a Passenger Vehicle” by Radavan Miucic and Sue Bai, 2011. “ Cybe
35、rcars for Sustainable Urban Mobility - A European Collaborative Approach” by Michel Parent, 2010. “ Merge Ahead: Integrating Heavy-duty Vehicle Networks with Wide Area Network Services” by Mark P . Zachos, 2010. Personal mobility, individual communications, the internet, and the power grid are now m
36、erging in the transportation sector. These elements can help to improve the human condition or detract from it. It is the responsibility of the engineering profession to help provide the right solutions at the right price with the right quality at the right time. We expect this publication to aid in
37、 that endeavor. Dr. Andrew Brown, Jr., P .E., FESD, NAE 2010 SAE President Executive Director and Chief Technologist Delphi CorporationSpecial ContributionsWhat to Expect Beyond 2015 - Fourth Generation (4G) Wireless and the Vehicle Steven H Bayless Scott Belcher The Intelligent Transportation Socie
38、ty of America (ITS America)11 What to Expect Beyond 2015 - Fourth Generation (4G) Wireless and the Vehicle Steven H. Bayless Scott Belcher The Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITS America) Abstract Connected vehicle applications are set to explode in the next few years because of the d
39、evelopment of mobile application platforms such as Google Android and others, and enterprise telematics/machine-to-machine support services. Supporting these platforms beyond 2015 is fourth generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless and its progeny. This paper contends that automotive applic
40、ation developers will need to be cognizant of how application data is treated by 4G systems, and how innovations such as “traffic shaping” might improve quality of service for “off-board” (or “cloud-based”) vehicular applications. Furthermore, “on-board” vehicular applications utilizing vehicle-to-v
41、ehicle, vehicle-to- infrastructure communications (such as femtocells, Wi-Fi, and for safety applications, Dedicated Short Range Communications/Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments (DSRC/ WAVE) might also likely be integrated into 4G. Later versions of LTE (such as LTE Advanced) might establis
42、h and manage communication sessions that hop among many of the above- mentioned wireless technologies, a concept known as heterogeneous or “vertical” roaming. Introduction The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Association predicts that there will be nearly 50 billion connected terminals
43、by 2025, almost ten times the predicted human population of the world. Approximately three-quarters to one billion of these terminals will likely be automobiles. Automotive engineers designing connected systems will face a plethora of wireless technology options for vehicles that provide short range
44、, long range, and regional and global connectivity. What the future holds for wireless technology, particularly for the communications infrastructure expected to be in place from 2015 and onward, is speculative. However, the broad outlines of what might be available are visible today. Next generatio
45、n wireless networks from 2015 on will have a repertoire of different techniques to prioritize communications based on application needs. Furthermore, not only will networks be smarter, but future mobile terminals will likely feature multiple standard air interfaces (such as WiFi, cellular, and even
46、mobile satellite) and be able to choose the best network based on immediate needs (such as coverage, quality of service, or even cost). Vehicles will also likely have wireless systems devoted to safety, critical or highly mobile “spot” communications, to support such local applications as automatic
47、collision notification, vehicle-to-vehicle cooperative collision avoidance, or vehicle/infrastructure applications (such as tolling or traffic signal preemption and intersection collision avoidance). Peer-to-peer communications systems, which seek opportunities to communicate directly to other nearb
48、y nodes without the need to sluggishly route data traffic to and from cell towers first, will likely expand as short range radio technologies improve. 12 With 4G cellular, we will see the completion of the extension of the internet protocols to the wireless environment. 4G likely represents the end of the traditional siloed telecommunications approach that has been the result of decades of investment in single- application “purpose built” wireless technologies (e.g., radio, TV, land mobile, and cellular) and regulatory practi
