1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21608-5 SANS 10061-1:2008Edition 3.3 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD The installation of communal and single antenna systems for the recep
4、tion of television and sound broadcast transmissions Part 1: VHF and UHF television and VHF sound antenna systems Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards
5、South Africa SANS 10061-1:2008 Edition 3.3 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2001 Amended to update referenced standards. Amdt 2 2003 Amended to delete references to BS 1474, SANS 454, SANS 1065-1 and SANS 1065-2, which have been withdrawn, and to include new references. Amdt 3 2008 Amen
6、ded to delete references to SABS 723 and SABS 926, which have been withdrawn. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 74, Communication technology, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.
7、This document was published in July 2008. This document supersedes SANS 10061-1:2004 (edition 3.2). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 3. Compliance with the provisions in this part of SANS 10061 does not confer immunity from relevant le
8、gal requirements, including the regulations issued by the national telecommunications authority and, when conflict with these regulations is likely, the national telecommunications authority should be consulted before any installation design is brought to finality. In particular, the attention of us
9、ers of this part of SANS 10061 is drawn to the regulations regarding communication connections between premises. A reference is made in clauses 4.8, 5.2.3 and G.5 to “legislation“. In South Africa this is the Electronic Communications Act, 2005 (Act No. 36 of 2005), as amended from time to time. Thi
10、s legislation contains the prescribed limitations on electromagnetic inferference. Annex A forms an integral part of this part of SANS 10061. Annexes B to H are for information only. SANS 10061 consists of the following parts, under the general title The installation of communal and single antenna s
11、ystems for the reception of television and sound broadcast transmissions: Part 1: VHF and UHF television and VHF sound antenna systems. Part 2: Satellite antenna systems. SANS 10061-1:2008 Edition 3.3 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references . 3 3 Definitions . 4 4 System design and
12、 electrical performance 6 4.1 General 6 4.2 System performance 6 4.3 Antenna system(s) . 6 4.4 Impedance . 6 4.5 Auxiliary equipment 7 4.6 Channel converters 7 4.7 Outlet sockets 7 4.8 Radiation of electromagnetic interference . 8 5 Antenna system components . 9 5.1 General 9 5.2 Electrical characte
13、ristics 9 5.3 Safety of amplifiers, channel converters and other active components 9 5.4 Enclosures and covers . 9 5.5 Antenna(s) 10 5.6 Masts 10 5.7 Lightning protection equipment 10 5.8 Cable 10 5.9 Outlet socket assemblies . 11 6 Installation procedures . 12 6.1 General 12 6.2 Mechanical and elec
14、trical safety 12 6.3 Cabling . 15 6.4 Conduit and ducting . 16 7 Handing over of installation Plans, instructions and warranty 18 7.1 Communal antenna system 18 7.2 Single antenna system 18 Annexes A Materials and protection . 19 B Recommended maintenance . 21 C Recommended design details for commun
15、al television antenna systems 22 D Aluminium mast sections and allowable bending moments . 24 E Highest on record and highest expected wind speed and wind gust . 28 F Characteristics of coaxial cables 29 G Installation planning 32 H Bibliography. 35 SANS 10061-1:2008 Edition 3.3 2 This page is inten
16、tionally left blank SANS 10061-1:2008 Edition 3.3 3 The installation of communal and single antenna systems for the reception of television and sound broadcast transmissions Part 1: VHF and UHF television and VHF sound antenna systems 1 Scope This part of SANS 10061 establishes principles for the in
17、stallation, modification and maintenance of communal and single antenna systems (i.e. antennas and associated equipment other than HF wired distribution systems) for the reception of VHF and UHF television and VHF sound transmissions. It includes the protection of such systems against atmospheric el
18、ectrical disturbances. NOTE SANS 10142-1 covers the wiring of premises. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of SANS 10061. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to a stand
19、ard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements based on this part of SANS 10061 are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid national and international standa
20、rds can be obtained from Standards South Africa. IEC 60065, Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus Safety requirements. IEC 60068-2-11, Environmental testing procedures Part 2: Tests Test Ka: Salt mist. IEC 60169-2, Radio-frequency connectors Part 2: Coaxial unmatched connector. SANS 454, Col
21、our and monochrome television receivers, monitors, tuners and projectors. Amdt 2 SANS 682, Finishing paint, aluminium type. SANS 723 (SABS 723), Wash primer (metal etch primer). Amdt 3 SANS 926 (SABS 926), Two pack zinc-rich epoxy primer. Amdt 3 SANS 950, Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride rigid condu
22、it and fittings for use in electrical installations. SANS 1065-1 (SABS 1065-1), Metal conduits and fittings (screwed-end and plain-end) for electrical wiring B Part 1: Metal conduits. Amdt 2 SANS 10061-1:2008 Edition 3.3 4 SANS 1065-2, Metal conduits and fittings (screwed-end and plain-end) for elec
23、trical wiring B Part 2: Metal fittings. Amdt 2 SANS 1252, Passive antennas for the reception of VHF and UHF television and VHF sound transmissions. SANS 10313, The protection of structures against lightning. Amdt 1 SANS 61386-1/IEC 61386-1, Conduit systems for electrical installations Part 1: Genera
24、l requirements. Amdt 2 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of SANS 10061, the following definitions apply: 3.1 antenna a single element that has, or an assembly of antenna elements that are so spaced and connected as to have, the necessary receiving properties 3.2 antenna cable a cable that
25、connects an antenna to its associated terminal equipment 3.3 antenna mast the supporting structure for an antenna, including any brackets, struts and stays 3.4 antenna system a system that comprises one or more antennas on a single mast, the appropriate single-cable distribution system and other app
26、ropriate components and that will enable transmissions in the VHF and UHF television frequency bands and the VHF sound frequency band to be received and distributed in one or more of these frequency bands, appropriate to the service, to one or more television or sound receivers or to both 3.5 bondin
27、g the connection of a circuit or a component (that is required to be bonded) to the metallic cold-water mains or electricity supply earth point (where permitted), by means of a conductor or conductors and in such a manner that a resistance of 0,2 is not exceeded and a current of 30 A may be carried
28、for a period of 5 s 3.6 channel converter a device for changing the carrier frequencies of all the signals in a particular channel before the signals are transmitted on a cable distribution system 3.7 communal antenna system an antenna system that serves independent users (i.e. separate households,
29、business concerns, etc.) and in which signals received by the antenna system are distributed, by a cable distribution system, to a number of television or sound receivers or to both 3.8 cross-modulation the modulation, arising from the interaction of the radio-frequency signals in non-linear circuit
30、s, of a wanted signal by the modulation of an unwanted signal on a different carrier frequency SANS 10061-1:2008 Edition 3.3 5 3.9 differential gain the change in amplitude of the chrominance signals, which results from a change in the amplitude of the associated luminance signal. 3.10 differential
31、phase the change in the phase of the chrominance signal, which results from a change in the amplitude of the associated luminance signal. 3.11 frequency bands: VHF sound : Band II 87,5 108 MHz VHF television : Band III 174 254 MHz UHF television : Band IV 470 598 MHz Band V 598 854 MHz 3.12 head-end
32、 equipment any equipment that is connected between one or more antenna(s) or other signal sources and the distribution network, in order to process the signals that are to be distributed NOTE The head-end equipment may comprise channel amplifiers, channel converters, combining and separating network
33、s, and generators. 3.13 hum modulation modulation of the wanted signal by frequency components contained in the mains supply 3.14 intermodulation the modulation, in a non-linear system, of the components of a complex signal by each other, whereby some of the signals produced have frequencies equal t
34、o the sums and differences of those of the components of the original complex signal 3.15 luminance-to-chrominance delay the difference, in a television signal, between the delay of the chrominance signal and the delay of the luminance signal 3.16 luminance-to-chrominance gain inequality the differe
35、nce, in a television signal, between the gain applied to the chrominance signal and the gain applied to the luminance signal 3.17 mutual attenuation the attenuation, at specified frequencies, between any two outlet sockets within a distribution system 3.18 outlet socket a socket provided for the con
36、nection of a television receiver or a VHF sound receiver (or both) to the antenna system SANS 10061-1:2008 Edition 3.3 6 3.19 proof stress non-proportional elongation the nominal stress that produces a non-proportional elongation equal to a specified percentage of the extensometer gauge length, as d
37、educed from a load extension diagram or a stress/strain diagram. 3.20 signal/noise ratio 3.20.1 audio the ratio of the power of the wanted signal to that of the co-existent noise 3.20.2 video the ratio of the voltage between the peak white and the black levels of the video signal to the r.m.s. noise
38、 voltage 3.21 single antenna system an antenna system (on premises) that serves a single dwelling house or one owner or hirer of a sound or television receiver or, where the antenna system is so installed as to be entirely contained inside a building, that enables one or more receivers to be connect
39、ed to an antenna or antennas on the same premises 3.22 single dwelling house a detached residential house and any building appurtenant to it, designed for occupation by one family or one household 4 System design and electrical performance 4.1 General 4.1.1 Use a cable distribution system that has b
40、een so designed as to be capable of receiving and distributing available transmissions in the VHF and UHF bands. The system shall, however, be capable of distributing all VHF and UHF channels. 4.1.2 The users of a communal antenna system shall be informed, in writing, of the limitations of the syste
41、m, e.g. where channelized antennas are being used. 4.1.3 The recommendations given in 4.5, 4.7.2 and 4.7.3 need not be met in the case of single antenna systems, provided that satisfactory performance can otherwise be obtained. 4.2 System performance Ensure that the performance of the antenna system
42、 is such that when a television receiver is connected to any outlet socket of the system and tuned to the signals transmitted to the area, a well defined picture is displayed. Ensure that the picture is appreciably free from noise, reflection images and other interference, that it has a normal colou
43、r reproduction and that the sound reproduction is essentially free from noise and distortion. Amdt 2 If provision for the reception of a VHF sound transmission is made, ensure that the reception is essentially free from interference and distortion. NOTE Design details for communal television antenna
44、 systems are given in annex C. SANS 10061-1:2008 Edition 3.3 7 4.3 Antenna system(s) 4.3.1 General Ensure that the antenna system that is erected uses components that have the relevant electrical characteristics given in 5.2. 4.3.2 Polarization Mount the antenna(s) in accordance with the manufacture
45、rs instructions (see also 5.6.1) and so orientate the antenna(s) as to ensure optimum performance for vertical or horizontal polarization. 4.4 Impedance Ensure that the antenna system and all plugs, sockets, connectors and other components are suitable for matching into a characteristic unbalanced i
46、mpedance of 75 , and that a voltage standing wave ratio of less than 2,0:1 for input circuits is maintained over the entire frequency range for which the system is designed. 4.5 Auxiliary equipment Provide all auxiliary equipment (e.g. amplifiers, splitters, equalizers (see clause 5) necessary to en
47、sure the good performance of the system. (See also 4.1.3.) 4.6 Channel converters 4.6.1 General In high strength areas, where direct signal pick-up of television transmissions may lead to double images (left-hand ghosting), or where distribution in other than the received bands is deemed necessary,
48、use (only vestigial sideband or double sideband with an appropriate filter) channel converters before the signals are distributed in the system. 4.6.2 Channel conversion frequencies Where channel conversion is required, ensure that the converted channel does not interfere with any other distributed
49、signal. 4.6.3 Frequency stability of channel converters NOTE See 5.2.5. 4.7 Outlet sockets 4.7.1 General Provide the required outlet sockets (see 5.9) at every outlet point. Use only outlet sockets with sufficient screening to ensure that radiation from the system is within the limits specified in 4.8. 4.7.2 Outlet socket voltages 4.7.2.1 In the case of communal antenna systems, ensure that the outlet socket voltage at every outlet socket point measured as in 4.7.2.2 is within the appropriate range of the values given in columns 2 and 3 of table 1. (See also
