1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21200-1 SANS 10248-1:2008Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Management of healthcare waste Part 1: Management of healthcare risk was
4、te from a healthcare facility Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 10248-1:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Fore
5、word This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC 5140.06M, National committee for dangerous goods standards Disposal of healthcare waste, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was publi
6、shed in May 2008. This document supersedes SANS 10248 (edition 2). SANS 10248 consists of the following parts, under the general title Management of healthcare waste: Part 1: Management of healthcare risk waste from a healthcare facility. Part 2: (in course of preparation). Part 3: (in course of pre
7、paration). Annexes A, B, D and F form an integral part of this document. Annexes C and E are for information only. Introduction This part of SANS 10248 presents the basic elements for the management of healthcare risk waste. In this respect certain issues are considered to be of importance for the s
8、uccessful application of this standard, namely a) the need to deal with the management aspects of healthcare risk waste in addition to the technical operation of healthcare risk waste disposal, b) the need for a document suitable for audit purposes that can be administered to fulfil the needs of the
9、 generators which might have greatly varying resources, c) the need to control the potential hazards from chemicals, materials that emit ionising radiation and the spread of infectious diseases that can place the public and especially waste disposal workers at risk, d) the need for guidelines coveri
10、ng the entire cycle, including waste minimization, point of use disposal through internal and external transportation to final treatment and disposal, and e) the need for an environmental management policy. SANS 10248-1:2008 Edition 1 1Contents Foreword Introduction 1 Scope . 3 2 Normative reference
11、s 3 3 Definitions and abbreviations . 4 4 Requirements . 9 4.1 Management requirements 9 4.2 Requirements for the waste management team 10 5 The waste management plan 13 5.1 General . 13 5.2 Documentation requirements 14 5.3 Contractual commitments . 15 5.4 Work procedures and work instructions. 15
12、5.5 Inspection and quality control 16 5.6 Health and safety policy. 16 5.7 Training 17 5.8 Workplace hygiene. 17 6 Identification, classification, segregation, collection and minimization of healthcare waste 18 6.1 Identification . 18 6.2 Classification 19 6.3 Waste segregation . 19 6.4 Collection .
13、 19 6.5 Waste minimization 19 7 Packaging 21 7.1 Packaging requirements for healthcare general waste 21 7.2 Packaging requirements for healthcare risk waste 21 7.3 Colour coding of packaging . 21 7.4 Packaging for infectious waste (excluding sharps) 22 7.5 Packaging for sharps . 23 7.6 Packaging for
14、 chemical waste . 23 8 Waste storage 28 8.1 Temporary healthcare risk waste stores 28 8.2 Central healthcare risk waste stores 28 8.3 Provisions for the storage of infectious waste and non-infectious anatomical waste 30 8.4 Provisions for the storage of chemical and pharmaceutical waste 30 8.5 Provi
15、sions for the storage of radioactive waste . 31 8.6 Provisions for the storage of healthcare general waste. 31 9 Collection and transportation of healthcare risk waste 31 SANS 10248-1:2008 Edition 1 29.1 Collection of healthcare risk waste within a healthcare facility 31 9.2 Transportation of health
16、care risk waste within a healthcare facility. 32 9.3 Collection of healthcare risk waste for off-site transportation 32 9.4 Off-site transportation of healthcare risk waste . 33 10 Spillage of healthcare risk waste during transportation 33 10.1 Policy and strategies 33 10.2 Clean-up procedures for i
17、nfectious waste and hazardous chemical waste spills 34 10.3 Clean-up procedures for cytotoxic pharmaceutical waste spills 34 11 Treatment and disposal methods . 35 11.1 General 35 11.2 Disposal via discharge to a municipal sewer . 35 11.3 Disposal of healthcare risk waste by incineration 36 11.4 Dis
18、posal of healthcare risk waste by alternative technologies. 37 11.5 Authorized treatment facilities operated on-site at healthcare facilities. 37 11.6 Authorized treatment facilities operated off-site from healthcare facilities. 38 Annex A (normative) National legislation and other publications 39 A
19、nnex B (normative) Contractual commitments 40 Annex C (informative) Examples of documents . 41 Annex D (normative) Hazard classes and hazard rating . 44 Annex E (informative) Green procurement. 46 Annex F (normative) Hazard labelling 49 Bibliography . 54 SANS 10248-1:2008 Edition 1 3Management of he
20、althcare waste Part 1: Management of healthcare risk waste from a healthcare facility 1 Scope This standard lays down minimum provisions for the safe and effective management of healthcare risk waste generated by healthcare facilities and other places where healthcare professionals work in order to
21、reduce potential risks to humans and to the environment. The management of healthcare risk waste covers the generation, the packaging, the treatment and the disposal (cradle-to-grave) of the waste. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of thi
22、s document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from Standards South Africa. 2.1 Standards S
23、ANS 452, Reusable and non-reusable sharps containers (in course of preparation). SANS 1518, Transport of dangerous goods Design, construction, testing, approval and maintenance for road vehicles and portable tanks. SANS 10228, The identification and classification of dangerous goods for transport. S
24、ANS 10229-1, Transport of dangerous goods Packaging and large packaging for road and rail transport Part 1: Packaging. SANS 10231, Transport of dangerous goods Operational requirements for road vehicles. SANS 10232-1, Transport of dangerous goods Emergency information systems Part 1: Emergency infor
25、mation system for road transport. SANS 10232-3, Transport of dangerous goods Emergency information systems Part 3: Emergency response guides. SANS 10233 (SABS 0233), Transportation of dangerous goods Intermediate bulk containers. SANS 10248-1:2008 Edition 1 42.2 Other publications Natural Colour Ins
26、titute (NCS), Scandinavian Colour Institute. Pantone color formula guide 1000. Moonachie, NJ: Pantone Inc. 1991. 3 Definitions and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following definitions and abbreviations apply. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 alternative technology approved method, techniq
27、ue or process for microbial inactivation or for otherwise altering the biological, chemical or physical characteristics of healthcare risk waste to sterilize such healthcare risk waste by means of technology which do not constitute controlled combustion treatment 3.1.2 approved acceptable to the rel
28、evant approving authority 3.1.3 authorized approved by the relevant governmental department in accordance with the relevant national legislations and regulations 3.1.4 calorific value heating value quantity of heat that is produced when a unit mass of a material undergoes complete combustion under c
29、ertain specified conditions and expressed in terms of calories or joules per kilogram (MJ/kg for solids and liquids and MJ/m3for gases) 3.1.5 capacity optimal quantity of waste that can be processed in a given time under specified conditions, usually expressed in terms of mass per 24 h 3.1.6 chief e
30、xecutive officer CEO person responsible for the overall management and control of a healthcare facility 3.1.7 clinical glass glass that might be contaminated with blood, body fluids or chemicals, e.g, blood collection tubes, laboratory glassware and medication vials 3.1.8 collection accumulation of
31、wastes from intermediate storage sites for movement to a primary waste holding area or from several primary waste holding areas to the treatment or final disposal site (or both) SANS 10248-1:2008 Edition 1 53.1.9 colour coding use of colour on a container or bag or the label attached to such, that s
32、erves to identify the category of waste that it contains 3.1.10 container disposable or reusable vessel in which waste is placed for handling, transportation, storage, or eventual treatment or disposal (or both) 3.1.11 cytotoxic agent that has a toxic effect on cells, causing cell death or disruptio
33、n 3.1.12 decontamination process or mode of action to reduce contamination to a safe level 3.1.13 disinfectant chemical agent that is able to reduce the number of viable micro-organisms 3.1.14 disinfection process or mode of action whereby the number of viable micro-organisms are reduced to safe or
34、relatively safe levels NOTE 1 High-level disinfection is when all micro-organisms, with the exception of small numbers of bacterial spores, are killed. NOTE 2 Intermediate level disinfection is when Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most viruses and fungi are killed, but not necessarily bacterial spores.
35、NOTE 3 Low-level disinfection is when most bacteria, some viruses and some fungi are killed, but the complete absence of resistant micro-organisms such as tubercle bacilli or bacterial spores cannot be relied on. 3.1.15 disposal approved deposit, discharge, dumping, placing, or release of any waste
36、material into or on air, land or water in an approved, specified facility, e.g. near surface or geological repository, or the approved direct discharge of effluents into the environment without the intention of retrieval 3.1.16 genotoxic substance that is capable of interacting directly with genetic
37、 material, causing DNA damage that can be assayed for analysis and DNA damage that can be passed on to off-spring 3.1.17 green procurement selection of products and services that minimizes the impact of the products and services on the environment 3.1.18 ground water water that occupies pores in the
38、 soil and cavities and spaces found in the rocks which are situated in the saturated zone of the profile by rising from a deep magmatic source or by the infiltration of rainfall SANS 10248-1:2008 Edition 1 63.1.19 handling functions associated with the movement of healthcare waste, including storage
39、, treatment and ultimate disposal, by the use of manual systems and automated systems 3.1.20 hazard intrinsic potential property or ability of any agent, equipment, material, or process to cause harm NOTE Harm is an injury or damage to the health of humans or to the environment (or both). 3.1.21 hea
40、lthcare facility place or site where professional health services are dispensed to human or animal patients or where biological research is carried out, e.g. laboratories, and includes, inter alia, hospitals, clinics, laboratories, rehabilitation centres, sick bays, old age homes, free-standing oper
41、ating theatres, day units, mobile and stationary clinics, and field stations where biomedical samples are taken 3.1.22 incineration controlled burning of solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes to produce gases and residues that contain little or no combustible material 3.1.23 micro-organism an
42、y microbiological entity, cellular or non-cellular, capable of replication or of transferring genetic material 3.1.24 monitoring continuous or non-continuous measurement of a concentration or other parameters for purposes of assessment or control of environmental quality or exposure and the interpre
43、tation of such measurements 3.1.25 radiotherapy use of ionizing radiation to treat disease 3.1.26 recycling extraction and recovery of material from scrap or other discarded material that can be reprocessed to manufacture a new product 3.1.27 residue material, such as ash or slag, that remains after
44、 combustion or treatment of wastes, or materials extracted from a liquid or gas stream 3.1.28 risk probability that a hazard will cause harm, and the severity of that harm 3.1.29 segregation systematic separation of healthcare waste into designated categories SANS 10248-1:2008 Edition 1 73.1.30 sewa
45、ge communitys liquid waste, that is carried off in sewers and comprises a combination of the liquid or water-carried wastes from domestic, municipal, and industrial premises 3.1.31 sewer system for the collection and transportation of sewage, including conduits, pipes, and pumping stations 3.1.32 sh
46、arps items such as needles, syringes, blades or clinical glass, that are capable of causing cuts, abrasions or puncture wounds 3.1.33 sterilization reduction of more than 99,9999 % or 6 log10of the micro-organisms present by means of physical, chemical, or mechanical methods, or by irradiation 3.1.3
47、4 storage placement of waste in a suitable location or facility where isolation, environmental and health protection, and human control (e.g. monitoring for radioactivity and limitation of access) are provided with the intention that the waste will be subsequently retrieved for treatment or disposal
48、 (or both) (or clearance of radioactive waste) 3.1.35 treatment any method, technique or process for altering the biological, chemical, or physical characteristics of the waste in order to reduce the hazards it presents and to facilitate its disposal by volume reduction, disinfection, neutralization
49、, or other change of form 3.1.36 waste undesirable or superfluous by-product, emission, residue or remainder of any process or activity, any matter, gaseous, liquid or solid or any combination thereof, which a) is discarded by any person; b) is accumulated and stored by any person with the purpose of eventually discarding it with or without prior treatment connected with the discarding thereof; or c) is stored by any person with the purpose of recycling, reusing or extracting a usable product from such matter 3.1.36.1 anatomical waste pathological waste waste th
