1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23006-7 SANS 120:2009Edition 2 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Stemming for use in blasting Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Late
4、gan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 120:2009 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 1064A, Explosives and detonators Stemming, in
5、 accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in September 2009. This document supersedes SABS 120:1973 (edition 1). Reference is made in 3.1.3, 3.1.6, 3.1.8 and clause 4 to the “relevant national legislat
6、ion“. In South Africa this means: the Explosives Act, 2003 (Act No. 15 of 2003); the Occupational, Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No. 85 of 1993); and the Mine Health and Safety Act, 1996 (Act No. 29 of 1996) and the Mine Health and Safety Amendment Act, 2008 (Act No. 74 of 2008). Annex A is for i
7、nformation only. SANS 120:2009 Edition 2 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope . 3 2 Normative references. 3 3 Definitions and abbreviations. 3 4 Requirements. 4 5 Methods of test. 6 5.1 General 6 5.2 Flame resistance of stemming. 6 5.3 Performance measurement . 7 6 Packaging and labelling . 7 Annex A (i
8、nformative) Quality verification of stemming devices. 8 Bibliography. 8 SANS 120:2009 Edition 2 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 120:2009 Edition 2 3 Stemming for use in blasting 1 Scope This standard covers stemming as used in blasting procedures. This standard applies to all types of s
9、temming products and prescribes the material properties of the product in adherence to the given product application specifications, applicable codes of practice and regulations. It includes stemming products provided for use in different environments, ranging from a fiery soft rock or coal mine to
10、hard rock underground mines as well as surface blasting and civil engineering blasting including demolition blasting. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated re
11、ferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. SANS 1600, Permitted Electric Detonators. SANS 1717-1, The design of detonator initiation
12、systems for use in mining and civil blasting applications Part 1: Electronic initiation systems. SANS 14001/ISO 14001, Environmental management systems Requirements with guidance for use. SANS 53763-13/EN 13763-13, Explosives for civil uses - Detonators and relays Part 13: Determination of resistanc
13、e of electric detonators to electrostatic discharge. SANS 60079-0/IEC 60079-0, Explosive atmospheres Part 0: Equipment General requirements. 3 Definitions and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following definitions and abbreviations apply. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 blast hole any dril
14、led hole charged with or intended to be charged with explosives SANS 120:2009 Edition 2 4 3.1.2 electro-explosive device EED detonators and some igniters that are activated electrically 3.1.3 explosive anything that is made, manufactured or used to produce an explosion or a detonation or pyrotechnic
15、 effect, including anything defined to be an explosive by the regulations, but not including gases, organic peroxides or anything described as not being an explosive by the relevant national legislation (see foreword) 3.1.4 explosive column summated length of blast hole exposed to an explosives form
16、ulation 3.1.5 initiation system system that supplies a sufficient amount of energy to overcome the activation energy of any explosives formulation 3.1.6 stemming (noun) inert material used as filling in blast holes intended to confine the explosive gases for an effective blast as in the relevant nat
17、ional legislation (see foreword) 3.1.7 stemming (verb) placing of material in the portion between the explosive column and the collar of a blast hole 3.1.8 tamp consolidation of stemming and blasting explosives in a blast hole NOTE This definition applies to “tamping“ as in the relevant national leg
18、islation (see foreword). 3.2 Abbreviations MSDS Material safety data sheet EED Electro-explosive device 4 Requirements 4.1 General Compliance with this standard means that the stemming product will not cause the ignition of flammable gases in a fiery mine. Stemming products shall be designed with th
19、e intention to confine explosion gases in all other blast hole blasting. Stemming products shall be safely and easily removable when required. SANS 120:2009 Edition 2 5 The use of a specific stemming material shall be fit for purpose in terms of the environment where it is used, and the dimensions o
20、f the stemming product shall be appropriate as for the users application specification. Further stemming material shall be approved and applied in terms of the relevant national legislation (see foreword). The characteristics of the stemming material shall be considered in safety requirements. 4.2 M
21、aterial safety 4.2.1 General Compliance with this standard in terms of safety means that the material used in the manufacturing of stemming shall comply with 4.2.2 to 4.2.5 (inclusive). See also annex A. 4.2.2 Flame resistant When tested in accordance with 5.2, any stemming shall be self-extinguishi
22、ng to the extent that a) the duration of flame and glow for an individual test specimen does not exceed 2 s; b) any portion of residues that break off or drip from any test specimen during or after application of the flame shall not continue to burn after reaching the bench; and c) the entire length
23、 of the test specimen shall not be consumed during the time that the flame is applied to the specimen. 4.2.3 Toxicity The material used shall not pose a toxic risk to humans and the environment under normal conditions of manufacturing and use. (An MSDS has to be submitted by the manufacturer.) 4.2.4
24、 Electrostatic build-up 4.2.4.1 Any dielectric used in stemming material with an exposed surface area of more than 10 000 mm2shall comply with the requirements for conductivity of SANS 60079-0. 4.2.4.2 The EED shall incorporate static control measures that comply with an appropriate standard, such a
25、s SANS 53763-13, SANS 1600 or SANS 1717-1. NOTE There is a significant risk of initiation from even smaller areas of dielectric than 10 000 mm2 in stemming material if the down-hole EED has not been manufactured with appropriate anti-static measures. 4.2.5 Stemming material The stemming material sha
26、ll not chemically react with the explosives and initiation system in the blast hole. 4.3 Usage safety 4.3.1 Insertion of the stemming material All stemming devices or material shall be inserted and tamped into blast holes in accordance with the suppliers instructions and shall not damage the initiat
27、ion system or explosive column. SANS 120:2009 Edition 2 6 4.3.2 Extraction of the stemming material in the case of a misfire In the case of a misfire all stemming devices or material shall be safely extracted in accordance with the suppliers instructions and the code of practice of the mine, taking
28、into account factors including but not limited to: a) hole closure; and b) hole dislocation. 4.4 Environmental compliance Disposal of stemming material or devices and packaging The use, transport, storage and disposal of the stemming material or devices as well as the packaging shall comply with the
29、 requirements of SANS 14001. 5 Methods of test 5.1 General Testing is the responsibility of the supplier and is not required to be conducted by the end user. 5.2 Flame resistance of stemming 5.2.1 Apparatus 5.2.1.1 Bunsen gas burner, approximately 118 mm high and with an inside tube diameter of appr
30、oximately 8,5 mm. 5.2.1.2 Specimen holder, capable of holding the edges of the specimen and allowing the ends to remain free. 5.2.1.3 Stopwatch, accurate to 0,1 s. 5.2.2 Test specimens Thoroughly clean and dry ten stemming units from a representative sample. 5.2.3 Procedure 5.2.3.1 Secure a test spe
31、cimen in the holder and clamp the holder in a vertical position. 5.2.3.2 So position the burner at an angle of 25 from the vertical in a suitable apparatus that the bottom edge of the specimen is 19 mm 1 mm above the top edge of the burner, and that the burner can be swung horizontally in and out of
32、 position under the test specimen. 5.2.3.3 With the burner swung away from the bottom of the test specimen, ignite the burner so as to give a luminous flame of length approximately 38 mm. 5.2.3.4 Swing the burner into position under the test specimen so that the top edge of the burner is direct unde
33、r the bottom edge of the test specimen. Apply the flame for exactly 12 s. Then swing the burner away, and determine and record to the nearest 0,1 s the length of time that the test specimen continues to burn after the burner has been removed. SANS 120:2009 Edition 2 7 5.2.3.5 Repeat the steps in 5.2
34、.3.1 to 5.2.3.4 on the remaining nine test specimens, and check for compliance with 4.2. 5.3 Performance measurement Performance should be agreed upon between the user and manufacturer. NOTE Due to the amount of variables found in the blasting process, the stemming devices and measurement results wi
35、ll vary too much to have a structured performance measurement standard. 6 Packaging and labelling 6.1 Packaging Stemming shall be packed in containers that are strong enough to withstand normal storage, usage and transportation. All bulk and internal packaging shall take reasonable account of ergono
36、mic guidelines. 6.2 Labelling The word “Stemming“ shall be clearly displayed on external packaging used for transport and storage (see SANS 289 for further requirements for labelling). SANS 120:2009 Edition 2 8 Annex A (informative) Quality verification of stemming devices When a purchaser requires
37、ongoing verification of the quality of stemming devices, it is suggested that, instead of concentrating solely on evaluation of the final product, he also direct his attention to the manufacturers quality system. In this connection it should be noted that SANS 9001 covers the provision of an integra
38、ted quality system. Bibliography SANS 289, Labelling requirements for prepackaged products (prepackages) and general requirements for the sale of goods subject to legal metrology control. SANS 9001/ISO 9001, Quality management systems Requirements. SABS SABS Standards Division The objective of the S
39、ABS Standards Division is to develop, promote and maintain South African National Standards. This objective is incorporated in the Standards Act, 2008 (Act No. 8 of 2008). Amendments and Revisions South African National Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of South African National
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