1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-24301-2 SANS 1241:2010Edition 2.1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Aluminium sulfate for general purposes Published by SABS Standards Divisi
4、on 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 1241:2010 Edition 2.1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2010 Amended to update a referenced standard. Foreword This South African standard was approved by the
5、National Committee SABS TC 147, Water, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in March 2010. This document supersedes SANS 1241:2008 (edition 2). A reference is made in 7.2.1 to marking informatio
6、n required in terms of the regulations promulgated under “the current relevant national legislation“. In South Africa this means the Trade Metrology Act, 1973 (Act No. 77 of 1973). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 1. Annex A forms an i
7、ntegral part of this standard. Annex B is for information only. SANS 1241:2010 Edition 2.1 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references . 3 3 Definitions . 3 4 Requirements 4 5 Sampling and compliance with this standard 5 6 Inspection and methods of test. 7 6.1 General 7 6.2 Inspection.
8、 7 6.3 Preparation of test samples. 76.4 Particle size 76.5 Iron content 8 6.6 Aluminium content . 106.7 Insoluble matter content 12 7 Packing and marking 13 Annex A (normative) Notes to purchasers 15 Annex B (informative) Quality verification of aluminium sulfate for general purposes. 15 Bibliograp
9、hy . 15 SANS 1241:2010 Edition 2.1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 1241:2010 Edition 2.1 3 Aluminium sulfate for general purposes 1 Scope This standard covers four grades of aluminium sulfate supplied in liquid form and in the solid form as kibbles, coarse granules, fine granules, and p
10、owder (see 4.2). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Informati
11、on on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. SANS 112/ISO 648, Laboratory glassware Single volume pipettes. SANS 115/ISO 385, Laboratory glassware Burettes. Amdt 1 SANS 128/ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware One-mark volumetric flasks. SANS
12、 3310-1/ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth. SANS 4788/ISO 4788, Laboratory glassware Graduated measuring cylinders. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply. 3.1 batch material from a single mix o
13、r, in the case of a continuous production process, the material from a single days production 3.2 defective aluminium sulfate, or its container, that fails in one or more respects to comply with the appropriate requirements of this standard 3.3 lot not less than 2 and not more than 300 containers of
14、 aluminium sulfate that bear the same batch identification or one tanker of liquid aluminium sulfate, from one manufacturer, submitted at any one time for inspection and testing SANS 1241:2010 Edition 2.1 4 4 Requirements 4.1 General 4.1.1 The aluminium sulfate shall not contain any constituent that
15、 is objectionable or harmful to human beings when the product is used in the purification of water. 4.1.2 Aluminium sulfate in solid form shall consist essentially of hydrated aluminium sulfate. Granular and powder types shall be free-flowing. 4.1.3 Aluminium sulfate in liquid form shall consist of
16、an aqueous solution of aluminium sulfate. 4.2 Form The aluminium sulfate shall be supplied in the liquid form or in one of the following types of solid form, as specified by the purchaser (see annex A): a) kibbles; b) coarse granules; c) fine granules; and d) powder. 4.3 Particle size of solid types
17、 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser (see annex A), the particle sizes of the solid types of aluminium sulfate, determined in accordance with 6.2 or 6.4 (as relevant), shall be as follows: a) Kibbles Kibbles shall be irregular lumps of approximate size in the range 5 mm to 75 mm. b) Coarse g
18、ranules At least a mass fraction of 95 % of the granules shall pass through a screen of nominal aperture size 5 mm, and at least a mass fraction of 70 % shall be retained on a screen of nominal aperture size 2 mm. c) Fine granules All the granules shall pass through a screen of nominal aperture size
19、 3,35 mm, at least a mass fraction of 95 % of the granules shall pass through a screen of nominal aperture size 2 mm, and at least a mass fraction of 70 % shall be retained on a screen of nominal aperture size 500 m. d) Powder At least a mass fraction of 70 % of the powder shall pass through a scree
20、n of nominal aperture size 500 m. 4.4 Grades The aluminium sulfate shall be of one of the following grades, as specified by the purchaser (see annex A): SANS 1241:2010 Edition 2.1 5 a) grade 1: iron-free aluminium sulfate, with trace amounts of iron. b) grade 2: low-iron aluminium sulfate, with a fa
21、irly low iron content. c) grade 3: industrial aluminium sulfate, with a medium iron content. d) grade 4: industrial aluminium sulfate, with a high iron content. NOTE A solution prepared from grade 3 or grade 4 aluminium sulfate should be acidified to prevent the precipitation of hydrated iron oxides
22、. 4.5 Detailed requirements The aluminium sulfate shall comply with the relevant requirements given in table 1. Table 1 Detailed requirements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Requirement Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Test method subclause Iron content (calcu
23、lated as Fe), mass fraction %: max. . 0,014 0,007 0,14 0,07 0,63 0,31 6.5 Aluminium content (calculated as Al2O3), mass fraction %: min. max. . 15,0 7,0 8,5 15,0 7,0 8,5 15,0 7,0 8,5 15,0 7,0 8,5 6.6 Insoluble matter content, mass fraction %: max. . 0,05 0,025 0,20 0,10 0,40 0,20 0,40 0,20 6.7 5 Sam
24、pling and compliance with this standard NOTE This clause applies to the sampling for inspection and testing before acceptance or rejection of single lots (consignments) in cases where no information about the implementation of quality control or testing during manufacture is available to help in ass
25、essing the quality of the lot. It is also used as the procedure for adjudicating in cases of dispute. 5.1 Sampling 5.1.1 General The following sampling procedure shall be applied in determining whether a lot complies with the relevant requirements of this standard. The samples so drawn shall be deem
26、ed to represent the lot for the respective properties. SANS 1241:2010 Edition 2.1 6 5.1.2 Sampling from tankers From four levels in the tanker or at four stages during the filling or emptying of the tanker (as applicable), take approximately equal increments, each of about 0,5 L, and, by immediately
27、 placing the increments in a clean, dry, air-tight glass or plastics container, make up a composite sample of about 2 L. Clearly mark the container with the manufacturers identification, the batch identification, the grade of the product, and the date of sampling. 5.1.3 Sampling from other container
28、s 5.1.3.1 Sample for inspection a) If the lot consisted of less than 20 containers, draw, at random, two containers. b) If the lot consists of at least 20 containers, draw, at random, the number of containers calculated (to the nearest whole number) as follows: S =2Nwhere S is the sample size (numbe
29、r of containers); N is the number of containers in the lot. 5.1.3.2 Sample for testing After inspecting (see 6.2) the containers drawn in terms of 5.1.3.1, obtain a sample for testing by using the appropriate of the following procedures: a) Aluminium sulfate in solid form Thoroughly mix together the
30、 contents of the containers and, by coning and quartering, obtain a sample of 25 kg to 35 kg. Then, in the case of kibbles, reduce the aluminium sulfate to a particle size of less than 5 mm, ensuring that the method used for this purpose does not introduce iron into the aluminium sulfate. Finally, u
31、sing a sample riffler, obtain, in the case of kibbles, a test sample of approximately 2 kg, and, in the case of the other solid types, two samples of approximately 2 kg and 100 g respectively. Place each sample in a clean, dry, air-tight glass or plastics container that is clearly marked with the ma
32、nufacturers identification, the batch identification, the grade of the product, and the date of sampling. In the case of granules and powder, reserve the smaller sample for the determination of particle size (see 6.4) and the larger sample for the remaining tests (see 6.3.2). b) Aluminium sulfate in
33、 liquid form After thoroughly mixing the contents of each container, obtain a composite sample of approximately 2 L by taking an approximately equal quantity from each container and combining the increments in a clean, dry, air-tight glass or plastics container that is clearly marked with the manufa
34、cturers identification, the batch identification, the grade of the product, and the date of sampling. SANS 1241:2010 Edition 2.1 7 5.2 Compliance with this standard The lot shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of the standard if, after inspection and testing of the samples taken in accord
35、ance with 5.1, no defective is found. 6 Inspection and methods of test 6.1 General 6.1.1 Unless inconsistent with the text, all reagents used shall be of analytical reagent grade and all water shall be distilled or demineralized water with a pH value not greater than 7,0. 6.1.2 All glassware used sh
36、all comply with the relevant requirements of SANS 112, SANS 115, SANS 128 and SANS 4788, as appropriate. Amdt 1 6.2 Inspection Visually examine and check the sample of aluminium sulfate drawn in accordance with 5.1.3.1 for compliance with the requirements of 7.1, 7.2.1 and, in the case of kibbles, 4
37、.3(a). 6.3 Preparation of test samples 6.3.1 Aluminium sulfate in liquid form Thoroughly mix the composite sample, taken in accordance with 5.1.2 or 5.1.3.2(b), as relevant, in the original sample container for at least 1 min before weighing out the required test specimens. 6.3.2 Aluminium sulfate i
38、n solid form Reduce (if necessary) the 2 kg sample, taken in accordance with 5.1.3.2(a), to a particle size of approximately 500 m, mix thoroughly, and return it to the original sample container. Ensure that the reduction in particle size is carried out by a method that does not introduce iron into
39、the test sample. 6.4 Particle size 6.4.1 Apparatus Four wire cloth sieves that comply with the requirements of SANS 3310-1 and that have, respectively, nominal aperture sizes of 5 mm, 3,35 mm, 2 mm, and 500 m, together with a receiver and a cover. 6.4.2 Assembling of sieves Assemble the sieves as fo
40、llows: a) Coarse granules So assemble the nest of sieves that the 2 mm sieve fits into the receiver, and the 5 mm sieve fits into the 2 mm sieve. b) Fine granules So assemble the nest of sieves that the 500 m sieve fits into the receiver, the 2 mm sieve fits into the 500 m sieve, and the 3,35 mm sie
41、ve fits into the 2 mm sieve. SANS 1241:2010 Edition 2.1 8 c) Powder Fit the 500 m sieve into the receiver. 6.4.3 Procedure 6.4.3.1 Weigh, to the nearest 0,1 g, the 100 g sample (taken in accordance with 5.1.3.2(a) and transfer it to the uppermost sieve, brushing out any particles remaining in the we
42、ighing dish by means of a soft brush. 6.4.3.2 Fit the cover to the uppermost sieve. 6.4.3.3 Conduct the sieving operation by means of a lateral and vertical motion of the nest of sieves, accompanied by jarring action, so that the test sample is kept moving continuously over the surfaces of the sieve
43、s. In no case shall fragments in the test sample be turned or pushed through a sieve by hand. 6.4.3.4 Continue sieving until not more than 1 % by mass of the residue passes a sieve during 1 min. 6.4.3.5 Determine the mass of each fraction. 6.4.4 Calculations Calculate the mass of each fraction as a
44、percentage of the mass of the test sample, and record the results. 6.5 Iron content 6.5.1 Principle The iron content of the aluminium sulfate is determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, using the standard addition method. NOTE Alternative analytical methods may be used provided that they produc
45、e equivalent results. 6.5.2 Apparatus A suitable atomic absorption spectrophotometer capable of adjustment to the operating settings given in 6.5.5.1. 6.5.3 Reagents 6.5.3.1 Acidic water Water acidified with hydrochloric acid to a pH value of 1,5. 6.5.3.2 Standard ferrous oxide (Fe2O3) solution Diss
46、olve, with slight heating, exactly 1,000 g of ferrous oxide (Fe2O3) in the minimum quantity of a 1:1 dilution of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Cool and wash into a 1 L volumetric flask. Make up to the mark with water. Pipette 25 mL of this solution into a 250 mL volumetric flask and make up to the mark w
47、ith water. This solution contains 100 mg/L of Fe2O3. SANS 1241:2010 Edition 2.1 9 6.5.4 Preparation of test solution and test dilutions 6.5.4.1 From the prepared test sample (see 6.3) weigh, to the nearest milligram, into a volumetric flask of the appropriate size given in column 4 of table 2, a tes
48、t specimen of the appropriate mass given in column 3. Dissolve in the acidic water, make up to the mark with the acidic water, and mix thoroughly. 6.5.4.2 Pipette 20 mL of the test solution into each of four 100 mL volumetric flasks. Into three of these flasks pipette 1 mL, 2 mL, and 5 mL, respectiv
49、ely, of the standard Fe2O3solution. Make the solution in each flask up to the mark with the acidic water. Table 2 Preparation of test solution 1 2 3 4 Grade Form Mass of test specimen gaSize of volumetric flask mL 1 1 Solid Liquid 10 0,5 20 1,0 200 200 2 2 Solid Liquid 1 0,05 2 0,1 200 200 3 3 Solid Liquid 1 0,05 2 0,1 1 000 1 000 4 4 Solid Liquid 0,6 0,03 1,2 0,06 1 000 1 000 aThe values given in column 3 might have to be varied, depending on the instrument characteristics and the actual concentration of iron in the test sample, t
