1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22678-7 SANS 14577-1:2009Edition 1ISO 14577-1:2002Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Metallic materials Instrumented indentation tes
4、t for hardness and materials parameters Part 1: Test method This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 14577-1:2002 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private B
5、ag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 14577-1:2009 Edition 1 ISO 14577-1:2002 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 164, Engineering materials Mechani
6、cal testing of metals, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in October 2009. Reference numberISO 14577-1:2002(E)ISO 2002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO14577-1First edition2002-10-01Metallic mate
7、rials Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters Part 1: Test method Matriaux mtalliques Essai de pntration instrument pour la dtermination de la duret et de paramtres des matriaux Partie 1: Mthode dessai SANS 14577-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approv
8、ed subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-1:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and ins
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11、 please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in wr
12、iting from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reservedSANS 14577-1
13、:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction. v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Symbols and designations. 2 4 Principle . 4 5 Testing mach
14、ine 4 6 Test piece. 5 7 Procedure. 5 8 Uncertainty of the results. 7 9 Test report 8 Annex A (normative) Materials parameters determined from the force/indentation depth data set . 9 Annex B (informative) Types of control use for the indentation process. 19 Annex C (normative) Machine compliance and
15、 indenter area function 20 Annex D (informative) Notes on diamond indenters. 22 Annex E (normative) Influence of the test piece surface roughness on the accuracy of the results 23 Annex F (informative) Correlation of indentation hardness HITto Vickers hardness . 24 Bibliography 25 SANS 14577-1:2009T
16、his s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-1:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). Th
17、e work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gov
18、ernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
19、The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vo
20、te. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 14577 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14577-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of metals
21、, Subcommittee SC 3, Hardness testing. ISO 14577 consists of the following parts, under the general title Metallic materials Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters: Part 1: Test method Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines Part 3: Calibration of refere
22、nce blocks Annexes A, C and E form a normative part of this part of ISO 14577. Annexes B, D and F are for information only. SANS 14577-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved vInt
23、roduction Hardness has typically been defined as the resistance of a material to permanent penetration by another harder material. The results obtained when performing Rockwell, Vickers and Brinell tests are determined after the test force has been removed. Therefore, the effect of elastic deformati
24、on under the indenter has been ignored. ISO 14577 has been prepared to enable the user to evaluate the indentation of materials by considering both the force and displacement during plastic and elastic deformation. By monitoring the complete cycle of increasing and removal of the test force, hardnes
25、s values equivalent to traditional hardness values can be determined. More significantly, additional properties of the material, such as its indentation modulus and elasto-plastic hardness, can also be determined. All these values can be calculated without the need to measure the indent optically. I
26、SO 14577 has been written to allow a wide variety of post test data analysis. SANS 14577-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .SANS 14577-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemaili
27、ng clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14577-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1Metallic materials Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters Part 1: Test method 1 Scope This part of ISO 14577 specifies the method of instrumented indentation test for determi
28、nation of hardness and other materials parameters for the three ranges given in Table 1. Table 1 Ranges of application Macro range Micro range Nano rangea2 N u F u 30 kN 2 N F; h 0,2 m h u 0,2 m aFor the nano range the mechanical deformation strongly depends on the real shape of indenter tip and the
29、 calculated materials parameters are significantly influenced by the contact area function of the indenter used in the testing machine. Therefore careful calibration of both instrument and indenter shape is required in order to achieve an acceptable reproducibility of the materials parameters determ
30、ined with different machines. The macro and micro range are distinguished by the test forces in relation to the indentation depth. Attention is drawn to the fact that the micro range has an upper limit given by the test force (2 N) and a lower limit given by the indentation depth of 0,2 m. The deter
31、mination of hardness and other materials parameters is given in annex A. At high contact pressures, damage to the indenter is possible. For this reason in the macro range, hardmetal indenters are often used. For test pieces with very high hardness and modulus of elasticity the influence of indenter
32、deformation on the test result should be taken into account. NOTE This test method can also be applied to thin metallic and non-metallic coatings and non-metallic materials. In this case the specifications in the relevant standards should be taken into account (see also 6.3). 2 Normative references
33、The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 14577. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of I
34、SO 14577 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International
35、 Standards. ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters SANS 14577-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-1:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 A
36、ll rights reservedISO 14577-2:2002, Metallic materials Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM)1)3 Symbols and designations For the purposes of this Int
37、ernational Standard, the symbols and designations in Table 2 shall be applied (see also Figure 1 and Figure 2). Table 2 Symbols and designations Symbol Designation Unit Ap(hc) Projected area of contact of the indenter at distance hcfrom the tip mm2As(h) Surface area of the indenter at distance h fro
38、m the tip mm2CITIndentation creep % EITIndentation modulus N/mm2F Test force N FmaxMaximum test force N h Indentation depth under applied test force mm hcDepth of the contact of the indenter with the test piece at Fmaxmm hmaxMaximum indentation depth at Fmaxmm hpPermanent indentation depth after rem
39、oval of the test force mm hrPoint of intersection of the tangent c to curve b at Fmaxwith the indentation depth-axis (see Figure 1) mm HITIndentation hardness N/mm2HM Martens hardness N/mm2HMsMartens hardness, determined from the slope of the increasing force/indentation depth curve N/mm2r Radius of
40、 spherical indenter mm RITIndentation relaxation % WelastElastic reverse deformation work of indentation Nm WtotalTotal mechanical work of indentation Nm Angle, specific to the shape of the pyramidal indenter ITRelation Welast/Wtotal% NOTE 1 To avoid very long numbers the use of multiples or sub-mul
41、tiples of the units is permitted. NOTE 2 1 N/mm2= 1 MPa. 1) Published in 1993; corrected and reprinted in 1995. SANS 14577-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-1:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3aApplication of
42、 the test force. bRemoval of the test force. cTangent to curve b at Fmax. Figure 1 Schematic representation of test procedure aIndenter. bSurface of residual plastic indentation in test piece. cSurface of test piece at maximum indentation depth and test force. Figure 2 Schematic representation of cr
43、oss section of indentation SANS 14577-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-1:2002(E) 4 ISO 2002 All rights reserved4 Principle The continuous monitoring of the force and the depth of indentation can permit the deter
44、mination of hardness and material properties (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). An indenter consisting of a material harder than the material under test with the following shapes and materials can be used: a) diamond indenter shaped as an orthogonal pyramid with a square base and with an angle = 136 betwe
45、en the opposite faces at the vertex (Vickers pyramid, see Figure A.1); b) diamond pyramid with triangular base (e. g. Berkovich pyramid, see Figure A.1); c) hardmetal ball (especially for the determination of the elastic behaviour of materials); d) diamond spherical indenter. This part of ISO 14577
46、does not preclude the use of other indenter geometries, however, care should be taken in interpreting the results obtained with such indenters. Other materials like sapphire may also be used. NOTE Due to the crystal structure of diamond, indenters that are intended to be spherical are often polyhedr
47、ons and have no ideal spherical shape. The test procedure can either be force-controlled or displacement-controlled. The test force F, the corresponding indentation depth h and time are recorded during the whole test procedure. The result of the test is the data set of the test force and the relevan
48、t indentation depth as a function of time (see Figure 1 and annex B). For a reproducible determination of the force and corresponding indentation depth, the zero point for the force/indentation depth measurement shall be assigned individually for each test (see 7.3). Where time-dependent effects are
49、 being measured: a) using the force-controlled method, the test force is kept constant over a specified period and the change of the indentation depth is measured as a function of the holding time of the test force (see Figures A.3 and B.1); b) using the indentation depth controlled method the indentation depth is kept constant over a specified period and the change of the test force is measured as a function of the holding time of the indentation depth (see Figures A.4 and B.2). The two
