1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21079-3 SANS 16063-13:2008 Edition 1 ISO 16063-13:2001 Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Methods for the calibration of vibration a
4、nd shock transducers Part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 16063-13:2001 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan ro
5、ad groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 16063-13:2008 Edition 1 ISO 16063-13:2001 E
6、dition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 76, Acoustics, electro-acoustics and vibration, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. Thi
7、s SANS document was published in March 2008. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16063-13 First edition 2001-12-01 Reference number ISO 16063-13:2001(E) ISO 2001 Methods for the calibration of vibration an
8、d shock transducers Part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry Mthodes pour ltalonnage des transducteurs de vibrations et de chocs Partie 13: talonnage primaire de chocs par interfromtrie laser SANS 16063-13:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription a
9、nd freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 16063-13:2001(E) ii ISO 2001 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are lice
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12、to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2001 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elec- tronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without
13、 permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs mem- ber body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland SANS 16063-13:2008This s
14、tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 16063-13:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved iii Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Uncertainty of measurement 1 4 Requirements for apparatus . 2 4.1 General 2 4.2 Shock machine
15、 based on rigid body motion of an anvil 2 4.3 Shock machine based on wave propagation inside a long thin bar . 2 4.4 Seismic block(s) for shock machine and laser interferometer . 4 4.5 Laser 4 4.6 Interferometer 4 4.7 Oscilloscope 7 4.8 Waveform recorder with computer interface 7 4.9 Computer with d
16、ata-processing program 7 4.10 Filters . 7 4.11 Other requirements 7 5 Ambient conditions . 8 6 Preferred accelerations and pulse durations 8 7 Method 8 7.1 Test procedure . 8 7.2 Data acquisition . 9 7.3 Data processing . 9 8 Reporting the calibration results . 13 Annexes A Expression of uncertainty
17、 of measurement in calibration . 14 B Explanation of the procedures 16 C Alternative method of calculation of magnitude and phase shift of the complex sensitivity 20 Bibliography. 22 SANS 16063-13:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the
18、SABS.ISO 16063-13:2001(E) iv ISO 2001 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committe
19、es. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Inte
20、rnational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bod
21、ies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 16063 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi
22、fying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 16063-13 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 3, Use and calibration of vibration and shock measuring instruments. ISO 16063 consists of the following parts, under the general t
23、itle Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers: Part 1: Basic concepts Part 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry Part 12: Primary vibration calibration by the reciprocity method Part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry Part 21: Secondary
24、 vibration calibration by comparison Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 16063. Annexes B and C are for information only. SANS 16063-13:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 16063-13:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights
25、reserved v Introduction The shock sensitivity is determined, according to definition, as the relationship between the peak values of the accelerometer output quantity and the acceleration. is not a unique quantity but may vary depending on the duration and shape of the shock pulse and the bandwidth
26、over which the sensitivity of the transducer under test and the frequency response of the optional conditioning amplifier are sufficiently uniform. A unique quantity applicable for linearity tests of accelerometers is the complex sensitivity at a frequency , calculated in the frequency domain. This
27、part of ISO 16063 makes use of data-processing procedures which allow the magnitude and phase shift of the complex sensitivity to be calculated, in addition or alternatively to the shock sensitivity (cf. informative annex C). The method specified in this part of ISO 16063 is based on the absolute me
28、asurement of the time history of the motion. This method fundamentally deviates from another shock calibration method which is based on the principle of the change in velocity, described in ISO 16063-1. The shock sensitivity therefore differs fundamentally from the shock calibration factor obtained
29、by the latter method, but is in compliance with the calibration factor stated in ISO 5347-4 1) . 1) To be revised as ISO 16063-22. S sh S sh f n S n n S sh SANS 16063-13:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 16063-13:2008This
30、 standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16063-13:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved 1 Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry
31、1 Scope This part of ISO 16063 specifies the instrumentation and procedure to be used for primary shock calibration of rectilinear accelerometers, using laser interferometry to sense the time-dependent displacement during the shock. The method is applicable in a shock pulse duration range to and a r
32、ange of peak values of to (pulse-duration dependent). The method allows the shock sensitivity to be obtained. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 16063. For dated references, subs
33、equent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 16063 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the lat
34、est edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 5347-22, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock pick-ups Part 22: Accelerometer resonance testing General methods ISO 16063-1, Methods for
35、the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 1: Basic concepts ISO 16063-11, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry 3 Uncertainty of measurement The limits of the uncertainty of shock sensitivity measur
36、ement shall be as follows: of the reading at a reference peak value of and reference shock pulse duration of and reference amplifier gain settings; for all values of peak acceleration and shock pulse duration. The uncertainty specifications above are valid for the calibration of acceptable precision
37、-grade transducers (e.g. reference standard accelerometers) provided that great care is taken to keep all uncertainty components small enough to comply with the specifications (for uncertainty budgets, see annex A). In particular, the spectral energy produced by the excitation of any mode of resonan
38、ce inherent in the transducer or shock machine structure during calibration must be small relative to the spectral energy contained in the frequency range of calibration. The transducer resonance testing shall be performed in accordance with ISO 5347-22. In general, this requirement might preclude t
39、he use of pulses with relatively short durations that are given in clauses 1 and 6. All users of this part of ISO 16063 shall make uncertainty budgets according to annex A to document their level of uncertainty. NOTE The uncertainty of measurement is expressed as the expanded measurement uncertainty
40、 in accordance with ISO 16063-1 (briefly referred to as “uncertainty”). 0,05 ms 10 ms 10 2 m/s 2 10 5 m/s 2 1 % 1 000 m/s 2 2ms 6 2% SANS 16063-13:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 16063-13:2001(E) 2 ISO 2001 All rights re
41、served 4 Requirements for apparatus 4.1 General This clause gives specifications for the apparatus necessary to fulfil the scope of clause 1 and to obtain the uncertainties of clause 3. 4.2 Shock machine based on rigid body motion of an anvil The shock machine shall be operated with a hammer (projec
42、tile) which shall be permitted to move and strike an anvil (target) to which the accelerometer is attached. The hammer shall impart a motion to the anvil which shall be permitted to accelerate freely and rectilinearly while the hammer shall be automatically caught. Steel springs or cushioning pads m
43、ade of rubber, paper or another pulse-forming material shall be placed between the hammer and the anvil to obtain the desired pulse duration and shape. The shock pulses obtained shall have a shape approximating a half-sine, half-sine squared or Gaussian acceleration shape. The resonance frequencies
44、of the hammer and the anvil shall be at least , where is the pulse duration. In order to avoid influences from resonances in the shock machine structure, the hammer and the anvil shall operate largely isolated from the structure. The hammer and the anvil shall be aligned with a maximum distance of b
45、etween the two centrelines. The anvil shall be supported in such a way that no unsymmetric forces cause rotation and deviations from rectilinear motion. The surface on which the accelerometer is to be mounted shall have a roughness value, expressed as the arithmetical mean deviation, , of . The flat
46、ness shall be such that the surface is contained between two parallel planes at a distance apart of , over the area corresponding to the maximum mounting surface of any transducer to be calibrated. The drilled and tapped hole for connecting the accelerometer shall have a perpendicular tolerance to t
47、he surface of ; i.e. the centreline of the hole shall be contained in a cylindrical zone of diameter and a height equal toth eho led ep th . NOTE 1 The above requirements can be fulfilled when the anvil or both the anvil and the hammer is (are) equipped with air bearings (cf. Figure 1 and reference
48、1). The shock machine shown in Figure 1 allows impulses of a half-sine squared acceleration shape to be generated 6. NOTE 2 Some conventional shock machines used in comparison shock calibrations in accordance with ISO 5347-4 (cf. 2 and 3) may not cause a motion which can be accurately measured by la
49、ser interferometry. 4.3 Shock machine based on wave propagation inside a long thin bar The shock machine shall consist mainly of a movable element e.g. a steel ball (projectile) which shall be accelerated to strike a mitigating element (e.g. a steel ball of the same diameter) attached to a bar on which the accelerometer shall be mounted at the opposite end surface. The bar shall be flexibly supported in such a way that influences from resonances in the shock machine structure are avoided. The hammer and the
