1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
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3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22966-5 SANS 19141:2009Edition 1 ISO 19141:2008Edition 1 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Geographic information Schema for moving features
4、 This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 19141:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 156
5、8 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 19141:2009 Edition 1 ISO 19141:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 71E, Information technology - Geographic Information, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Sta
6、ndards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in July 2009. Reference numberISO 19141:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO19141First edition2008-06-01Geographic information Schema for moving features Information gographique Schma des enti
7、ts mobiles SANS 19141:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 19141:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall
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12、7 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedSANS 19141:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 19141:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword. v Intro
13、duction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance. 1 2.1 Conformance classes. 1 2.2 Requirements 2 3 Normative references . 2 4 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms 3 4.1 Terms and definitions. 3 4.2 Abbreviated terms 5 5 Package Moving Features. 6 5.1 Semantics 6 5.2 Package structure. 7 5.3 Class hierar
14、chy . 7 6 Package Geometry Types . 9 6.1 Package semantics. 9 6.2 Type MF_OneParamGeometry . 9 6.3 Type MF_TemporalGeometry . 11 6.4 Type MF_Trajectory. 12 6.5 Type MF_TemporalTrajectory. 14 6.6 Class MF_PositionExpression . 20 6.7 Type MF_SecondaryOffset . 20 6.8 Type MF_MeasureFunction 21 7 Packag
15、e Prism Geometry . 22 7.1 Package structure. 22 7.2 CodeList MF_GlobalAxisName. 23 7.3 Type MF_LocalGeometry 25 7.4 Type MF_PrismGeometry . 27 7.5 Type MF_RigidTemporalGeometry 28 7.6 Type MF_RotationMatrix . 29 7.7 Type MF_TemporalOrientation. 30 8 Moving features in application schemas30 8.1 Intro
16、duction . 30 8.2 Representing the spatial characteristics of moving features 31 8.3 Associations of moving features 31 8.4 Operations of moving features 31 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 32 A.1 Application schemas for data transfer . 32 A.2 Application schemas for data with operations 32 An
17、nex B (informative) UML Notation 34 B.1 Introduction . 34 B.2 Class. 34 B.3 Stereotype . 34 B.4 Attribute . 35 B.5 Operation . 35 B.6 Constraint 36 B.7 Note 36 SANS 19141:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 19141:2008(E) i
18、v ISO 2008 All rights reservedB.8 Association 36 B.9 Role name 36 B.10 Multiplicity 37 B.11 Navigability 37 B.12 Aggregation . 37 B.13 Composition 38 B.14 Dependency. 38 B.15 Generalization 38 B.16 Realization . 39 Annex C (informative) Interpolating between orientations 40 C.1 Introduction . 40 C.2
19、 Euler rotations and gimbal lock. 40 C.3 Interpolating between two orientation matrices 42 C.4 Interpolating between other orientation representations . 44 C.5 Sample interpolation. 45 Bibliography . 49 SANS 19141:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemaili
20、ng clients of the SABS .ISO 19141:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO tech
21、nical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
22、 with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft I
23、nternational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
24、 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19141 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. SANS 19141:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and f
25、reemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 19141:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All rights reservedIntroduction This International Standard specifies a conceptual schema that addresses moving features, i.e., features whose locations change over time. This schema includes classes, attributes, associations and operatio
26、ns that provide a common conceptual framework that can be implemented to support various application areas that deal with moving features, including: Location Based Services, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Tracking and navigation (land-based, marine, or space), and Modeling and simulation. The
27、schema specifies mechanisms to describe motion consisting of translation and/or rotation of the feature, but not including deformation of the feature. The schema is based on the concept of a one parameter set of geometries that may be viewed as a set of leaves or a set of trajectories, where a leaf
28、represents the geometry of the moving feature at a particular value of the parameter (e.g., a point in time) and a trajectory is a curve that represents the path of a point in the geometry of the moving feature as it moves with respect to the parameter. SANS 19141:2009This s tandard may only be used
29、 and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19141:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Geographic information Schema for moving features 1 Scope This International Standard defines a method to describe the geometry of a feature that moves as
30、 a rigid body. Such movement has the following characteristics. a) The feature moves within any domain composed of spatial objects as specified in ISO 19107. b) The feature may move along a planned route, but it may deviate from the planned route. c) Motion may be influenced by physical forces, such
31、 as orbital, gravitational, or inertial forces. d) Motion of a feature may influence or be influenced by other features, for example: 1) The moving feature might follow a predefined route (e.g. road), perhaps part of a network, and might change routes at known points (e.g. bus stops, waypoints). 2)
32、Two or more moving features may be “pulled” together or pushed apart (e.g. an airplane will be refuelled during flight, a predator detects and tracks a prey, refugee groups join forces). 3) Two or more moving features may be constrained to maintain a given spatial relationship for some period (e.g.
33、tractor and trailer, convoy). This International Standard does not address other types of change to the feature. Examples of changes that are not adressed include the following: The deformation of features. The succession of either features or their associations. The change of non-spatial attributes
34、 of features. The features geometric representation cannot be embedded in a geometric complex that contains the geometric representations of other features, since this would require the other features representations to be updated as the feature moves. Because this International Standard is concerne
35、d with the geometric description of feature movement, it does not specify a mechanism for describing feature motion in terms of geographic identifiers. This is done, in part, in ISO 19133. 2 Conformance 2.1 Conformance classes 2.1.1 Introduction This International Standard specifies four conformance
36、 classes (Table 1). They are differentiated on the basis of two criteria: purpose and level of complexity. SANS 19141:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 19141:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved2.1.2 Purpose This Inter
37、national Standard may be used in support of data transfer. Operations defined for objects are irrelevant to data transfer, which requires only descriptions of the state of the objects at the time of transfer. Thus, two conformance classes require only the implementation of attributes and association
38、s of the classes specified in the schema. The other two conformance classes support the object-oriented implementation of systems or interfaces; they require implementation of operations as well as implementation of attributes and associations. 2.1.3 Complexity Many applications do not need a comple
39、te description of the geometry of a feature and its orientation at any point in time. Their requirements are satisfied by describing the movement of a single reference point on the feature using its trajectory as specified in Clause 6. One pair of conformance classes supports these simple applicatio
40、ns. Other applications need knowledge of the positions at each time of all points or a significant subset of the points on a moving feature. They require the full description provided by the prism geometry specified in Clause 7. Table 1 Conformance classes Purpose Complexity Data Transfer Data with
41、operations Trajectory A.1.1 A.2.1 Prism Geometry A.1.2 A.2.22.2 Requirements To conform to this International Standard, an application schema shall satisfy the requirements of the Abstract Test Suite in Annex A. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the appl
42、ication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 19103, Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19107, Geographic information Spatial schema I
43、SO 19108, Geographic information Temporal schema ISO 19109, Geographic information Rules for application schema ISO 19133, Geographic information Location-based services Tracking and navigation SANS 19141:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing client
44、s of the SABS .ISO 19141:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 34 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms 4.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1.1 base representation moving features representation, using a local origin and local
45、ordinate vectors, of a geometric object at a given reference time NOTE 1 A rigid geometric object may undergo translation or rotation, but remains congruent with its base representation. NOTE 2 The local origin and ordinate vectors establish an engineering coordinate reference system (ISO 19111), al
46、so called a local frame or a local Euclidean coordinate system. 4.1.2 curve 1-dimensional geometric primitive, representing the continuous image of a line ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.23 NOTE The boundary of a curve is the set of points at either end of the curve. If the curve is a cycle, the two en
47、ds are identical, and the curve (if topologically closed) is considered to not have a boundary. The first point is called the start point, and the last is the end point. Connectivity of the curve is guaranteed by the “continuous image of a line“ clause. A topological theorem states that a continuous
48、 image of a connected set is connected. 4.1.3 design coordinate reference system engineering coordinate reference system in which the base representation of a moving object is specified 4.1.4 feature abstraction of real world phenomena ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.11 NOTE A feature may occur as a ty
49、pe or an instance. Feature type or feature instance shall be used when only one is meant. 4.1.5 feature association relationship that links instances of one feature type with instances of the same or a different feature type ISO 19110:2004, definition 4.2 NOTE Feature associations include aggregation of features. 4.1.6 feature attribute characteristic of a feature ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.12 4.1.7 feature operation operation that every instance of a feature type
