1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21872-0 SANS 19782:2008Edition 1ISO/IEC TR 19782:2006Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Information technology Automatic identificat
4、ion and data capture techniques Effects of gloss and low substrate opacity on reading of bar code symbols Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS This national standard is the identi
5、cal implementation of ISO/IEC TR 19782:2006 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission. SANS 19782:2008 Edition 1 ISO/IEC TR 19782:2006 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword T
6、his South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 71K, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published
7、in September 2008. Reference numberISO/IEC TR 19782:2006(E)ISO/IEC 2006TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IECTR19782First edition2006-06-01Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Effects of gloss and low substrate opacity on reading of bar code symbols Technologies de linformat
8、ion Techniques didentification automatique et de capture des donnes Effets de la brillance et de la faible opacit du substrat sur la lecture des symboles de code barres SANS 19782:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC TR
9、 19782:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In download
10、ing this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the Gen
11、eral Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address give
12、n below. ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs mem
13、ber body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reservedSANS 19782:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed
14、 by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC TR 19782:2006(E) ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2 5 Measurement procedures 2 5.1 Effects of gloss and/or low o
15、pacity 2 5.2 Measurement of gloss 3 5.3 Measurement of opacity. 4 6 Test reports . 5 6.1 Test report for gloss. 5 6.2 Test report for opacity 5 7 Impact of gloss and opacity effects on verification 5 Annex A (informative) Example of gloss measurement technique. 7 A.1 General description of set-up 7
16、A.2 Test fixture. 8 A.3 Example profiles substrate and image 8 A.4 Comparison of TAPPI T 425 Gloss measurements with gloss profile measurements 13 Annex B (informative) Reporting of gloss measurements. 14 B.1 Recommendation for gloss profile measurement. 14 B.2 Example of scan rate profile 15 Annex
17、C (informative) Opacity measurement 17 C.1 Test Set-Up 17 C.2 Measurement of Opacity for purposes of gloss determination . 17 SANS 19782:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC TR 19782:2006(E) iv ISO/IEC 2006 All rights r
18、eservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through
19、 technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also ta
20、ke part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare
21、 International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, the joint te
22、chnical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following types: type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts; type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where f
23、or any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard; type 3, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example).
24、Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or u
25、seful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC TR 19782, which is a Technical Report of type 3, was prepared by Joint Technic
26、al Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. SANS 19782:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC TR 19782:2006(E) ISO/IEC 2006 All rights rese
27、rved vIntroduction Users of bar code systems have experienced problems with poor read rates. These read rate problems can sometimes be attributed to spectral gloss from either the substrate or the image or both. In many bar code applications, the position and orientation of the scanner relative to t
28、he bar code symbol can be directly controlled by the operator. In these applications, the presentation of the bar code symbol to the reader will usually be manipulated by the operator to achieve optimal performance. However, in bar code applications using fixed position automated reading systems, th
29、e ability to control bar code symbol presentation to the reader and achieve optimised performance is diminished. Due to the very high volume of bar code marked items in todays supply chain, even a small reduction in read rate can represent significant logistics problems. Traditional gloss measuremen
30、ts are made at the angle that maximises specular reflection and do not provide results that can be used to predict performance at other angles. Moreover, many laser scanners use a retro-collective optical system that would correspond to a gloss meter using a zero degree angle of incidence, which is
31、not commonly available. Present international bar code quality standards, such as ISO/IEC 15416, do not factor the impact of gloss from either the bar code image or substrate into quality grade ratings. Thus a Grade “4“ label may be high gloss or low gloss. Low gloss labels and images tend to work w
32、ell in all scanning systems, while high gloss labels and images may not. In the absence of industry specifications, users have no convenient reference to use when requesting suppliers to provide labels that will work well in their systems. This Technical Report provides a method for the measurement
33、of gloss that will permit users to judge if the bar code symbol and substrate are suitably matched for the reading system used in their application. Low opacity of the substrate can degrade system performance because it may reduce the apparent contrast of the bar code symbol. This Technical Report t
34、herefore provides means for measuring the substrate opacity. The test method described in this Technical Report provides a means for the production of reproducible measurements. In specific applications, it may be necessary to correlate these measurements to practical performance. For example, a sub
35、strate backed by dark liquid may exhibit lower opacity than when measured dry. SANS 19782:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .This page is intentionally left blankSANS 19782:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by a
36、pproved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 19782:2006(E) ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved 1Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Effects of gloss and low substrate opacity on reading of bar code symbols 1 Scope This Tec
37、hnical Report gives guidelines to deal with the effects of substrate gloss and/or low opacity on the performance of bar code symbols when scanned by reading and verification systems. This Technical Report defines methods of measurement for gloss and opacity; it identifies conditions and values that
38、present a risk of reading problems and provides recommendations to users on the specification of substrates and the set-up of scanning systems to minimize these problems. It also addresses the relationship between verification results and read performance when either or both of the factors are prese
39、nt. This document is intended for those who specify or implement labelling systems and those involved in the reading of bar code symbols on packages, components and other carriers of bar code symbols. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
40、this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Par
41、t 1: General terms relating to AIDC ISO/IEC 19762-2, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 2: Optically readable media (ORM) ISO/IEC 15415, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Bar code pri
42、nt quality test specification Two-dimensional symbols ISO/IEC 15416, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Bar code print quality test specification Linear symbols TAPPI T 425 om-01, Opacity of paper (15/d geometry, illuminant A/2, 89 % reflectance backing and p
43、aper backing) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-2 and the following apply. 3.1 coaxial pertaining to scanning systems in which the path of illumination from the light source to the symbol and the path of colle
44、cted light from the symbol are in the same axis SANS 19782:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC TR 19782:2006(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2006 All rights reserved3.2 image printed part of the symbol as opposed to the background (“prin
45、ted” includes any method of creating a mark on the substrate) 3.3 receiver part of the optical system that collects the reflected light, focuses it onto the photodetector and outputs an electrical signal proportional to the intensity of the light 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms VM Volt Meter mW Mill
46、iwatts TT Thermal Transfer TD Thermal Direct wavelength CTD Coated Thermal Direct UNCTD Uncoated Thermal Direct SUB Substrate 5 Measurement procedures 5.1 Effects of gloss and/or low opacity 5.1.1 Gloss The performance of scanning equipment is highly dependent on the detection of adequate contrast b
47、etween the image and the substrate. Performance is degraded when an image or substrate, adversely affects the Symbol Contrast due to its gloss. Note that Symbol Contrast can also be degraded by a high gloss low-opacity substrate(see 5.1.2). In coaxial reading systems, specular reflection can cause a
48、 problem when the incident angle is close to normal with the result that the reflected light captured by the reader includes specular reflection. However, the range of angles over which significant specular reflection occurs depends on characteristics of the material, such as its gloss. Materials wi
49、th relatively high gloss will produce a higher amplitude of specular reflection over a narrower angle, compared with matte materials. Matte materials tend to produce lower amplitude of specular reflection over a wider angle. In order for adequate contrast to be manifest, over reading angles that come close to and may even include the normal, gloss may need to be controlled on a label for both the dark and light elements of the symbol. The intensity of specular reflection as an indicator of the effec
