1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22554-4 SANS 24720:2009Edition 1 ISO/IEC TR 24720:2008Edition 1 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Information technology Automatic identific
4、ation and data capture techniques Guidelines for direct part marking (DPM) This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO/IEC TR 24720:2008, and is adopted with the permission of the International Electrotechnical Commission. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groe
5、nkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 24720:2009 Edition 1 ISO/IEC 24720:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 71K, Information t
6、echnology Automatic identification and data capture techniques, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in April 2009. Reference numberISO/IEC TR 24720:2008(E)ISO/IEC 2008TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/
7、IECTR24720First edition2008-06-01Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Guidelines for direct part marking (DPM) Technologies de linformation Techniques automatiques didentification et de capture des donnes Lignes directrices pour DPM (direct part marking) SANS 2
8、4720:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC TR 24720:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edi
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13、il copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedSANS 24720:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC TR 24720:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword
14、 iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Abbreviated terms 2 5 Overview of DPM. 2 5.1 DPM methods 2 5.2 Reasons for utilizing DPM . 3 6 Marking method selection . 3 7 Marking methods 6 8 Cleaning. 6 9 Marking surface preparation . 6 9.1 Assessment. 6 9.2
15、 Protective coatings. 7 10 Human readable marking. 8 11 Symbol quality 8 12 Reading and grading DPM symbols . 9 13 Verification 9 13.1 General. 9 13.2 Configuration 9 13.3 Possible equipment setup . 10 14 Imagers for direct part marking applications 11 14.1 General description 11 14.2 Fixed-mount im
16、agers 11 14.3 Presentation imager . 12 14.4 Hand-held imager 12 Annex A (informative) Intrusive marking methods . 14 A.1 Intrusive marking 14 A.2 Re-marking requirements using intrusive marking methods 15 A.3 Laser marking . 15 A.4 Dot peen marking 18 A.5 Other Intrusive marking methods . 20 Annex B
17、 (informative) Non-intrusive marking methods. 22 B.1 Non-intrusive marking methods 22 B.2 Ink jet marking. 22 B.3 Fabric embroidery/weaving . 25 B.4 Forge, cast. 26 B.5 Laser bonding . 27 B.6 Laser engineered net shaping (LENS) 27 B.7 Screen printing 28 B.8 Stencil 29 Annex C (informative) Rockwell
18、Hardness 30 Bibliography . 32 SANS 24720:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC TR 24720:2008(E) iv ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the Internatio
19、nal Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields
20、of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a join
21、t technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee
22、 are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, the joint technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following type
23、s: type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts; type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an Inte
24、rnational Standard; type 3, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example). Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to d
25、ecide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be t
26、he subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC TR 24720, which is a Technical Report of type 3, was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification
27、 and data capture techniques. SANS 24720:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC TR 24720:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction Identification technologies have become an essential part of managing the lif
28、e cycle of manufactured goods, from their “birth“ to the scrap recovery process. The need to identify parts easily and correctly is critical for controlling and error proofing the assembly process, tracking work in process and building traceability. Fast and accurate identification methods are also
29、important after the product leaves the plant. Industries worldwide rely heavily on the use of various marking methods. Because many of these methods were originally designed to apply human-readable marks, they frequently are not appropriate for applying high-density machine-readable symbols. With th
30、e widespread implementation of machine-readable marking, the parts identification industry began to refine existing marking methods. Dot peen machines replaced manual metal stamping and embossing techniques. Desktop publishing systems were developed for the production of stencils. Ink jet machines w
31、ere built to replace rubber stamps. Laser marking systems were designed to replace electric-arc etching and hot stamping processes. One of the most popular methods of identifying a part is with a two-dimensional (2D) symbol applied directly onto the surface of parts. Compared with printing and apply
32、ing labels, marking directly on parts is more secure, more cost-effective and easier to automate. When direct marked, two-dimensional symbols are able to withstand harsh manufacturing processes and abuse in the field. Several direct part marking (DPM) technologies are addressed in this Technical Rep
33、ort, such as ink jet printing, laser etch, chemical etch and dot peen marking. Ink jet printing is one of the least expensive of the marking methods. Laser etch is popular because of its ability to produce small, precise marks, and the ability of lasers to mark symbols on many materials, from harden
34、ed steel to soft plastic. Lasers can also access small, tight locations. Dot peen marking is usually reserved for marking metal. This marking method uses a stylus to indent the surface of the part to create the desired mark. Chemical etch marking is often used to mark printed circuit boards (PCBs),
35、since it is already part of the normal manufacturing process. For the purposes of this Technical Report, direct part marking (DPM) is considered a generic term referring to methods of applying a permanent mark directly onto a surface of an item. There are two generic direct marking techniques descri
36、bed in this Technical Report: intrusive and non-intrusive. Intrusive (or subtractive) marking methods alter the surface of a part and are considered controlled defects. Of the intrusive marking methods, this Technical Report addresses dot peen and direct laser marking, and briefly describes other te
37、chnologies. Non-intrusive marking methods, also known as additive markings, are produced as part of the manufacturing process or by adding a layer of media to the surface of a part. Of the non-intrusive methods, this Technical Report addresses ink jet marking and other technologies. SANS 24720:2009T
38、his s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 24720:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 1Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques Guidelines for direct part marking (DPM) 1
39、Scope This Technical Report describes several methods for applying permanent machine-readable symbols to items including components, parts and products using the direct part marking (DPM) methods outlined herein. This Technical Report describes marking methods, marking surface preparation, marking l
40、ocation, protective coatings and other parameters that contribute to the production of quality symbols, but does not specify the information to be encoded. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the
41、 edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC ISO/IEC 1
42、9762-2, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 2: Optically readable media (ORM) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-2 and the following app
43、ly. 3.1 intrusive marking marking method designed to alter a surface to form a human- or machine-readable symbol NOTE This marking category includes, but is not limited to, methods that abrade, burn, corrode, cut, deform, dissolve, etch, melt, oxidize or vaporize a surface. Intrusive marking methods
44、 include stamping, laser etching, chemical etching, dot peen and micro-sandblast. 3.2 non-intrusive marking marking method designed to add material to a surface to form a human- or machine-readable symbol NOTE Non-intrusive marking methods include ink jet, some forms of laser bonding, liquid metal j
45、et, screen process, stencil and thin film deposition. 3.3 permanent marking intrusive or non-intrusive markings designed to remain legible for at least the normal service life of an item, subject to operating or usage conditions SANS 24720:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved
46、subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC TR 24720:2008(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved4 Abbreviated terms EDM Electrical Discharge Machine or Machining LISI Laser Induced Surface Improvement 5 Overview of DPM 5.1 DPM methods For the purposes of this Technical Report, direct pa
47、rt marking (DPM) is considered a generic term referring to methods of applying a mark directly onto the surface of an item. There are two techniques for applying a mark, intrusive and non-intrusive. 5.1.1 Intrusive Intrusive (also known as “subtractive”) marking methods physically alter the surface
48、or structure of a part (abrade, cut, burn, vaporize, bond etc.) and the marks are considered controlled defects. It is highly recommended that all item identification manufacturing methods should be controlled by appropriate manufacturing instructions, approved by Engineering Design and that testing
49、 of materials should be conducted before an intrusive mark is applied to an item. Typical intrusive marking methods include: Abrasive blast Direct laser marking Dot peen Electro-chemical marking Engraving/milling Fabric embroidery/weaving Stamping Of these intrusive methods, this report addresses some forms of direct laser and dot peen marking, and briefly refers to other marking technologies. 5.1.2 Non-intrusive Non-intrusive (also known as “additive”) markings are produced as part of the manufactur
