1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21191-2 SANS 50878:2008Edition 1EN 878:2004Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for hum
4、an consumption Aluminium sulfate This national standard is the identical implementation of EN 878:2004 and is adopted with the permission of CEN, rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax
5、: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 50878:2008 Edition 1 EN 878:2004 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 5140.19, Water, in accordance with proce
6、dures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in March 2008. EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 878June 2004ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 878:1997English versionChemicals used for treatment of water intended for hu
7、manconsumption - Aluminium sulfateProduits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leaudestine la consommation humaine - Sulfate daluminiumProdukte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr denmenschlichen Gebrauch - AluminiumsulfatThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2004.CEN members are bou
8、nd to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Cen
9、tral Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as t
10、he officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, S
11、weden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.R
12、ef. No. EN 878:2004: ESANS 50878:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 878:2004 (E) 2 Contents Foreword4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Description .6 3.1 Identification.6 3.1.1 Chemical name.6 3.1.2 Synonym or common n
13、ames6 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass.6 3.1.4 Empirical formula.6 3.1.5 Chemical formula.6 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number 7 3.1.7 EINECS reference .7 3.2 Commercial forms .7 3.3 Physical properties7 3.3.1 Appearance 7 3.3.2 Density 7 3.3.3 Solubility.7 3.3.4 Vapour pressure at 20 C 8 3.3.5 Boiling point at
14、 100 kPa .8 3.3.6 Crystallization point.8 3.3.7 Specific heat.8 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) .8 3.3.9 Critical temperature.9 3.3.10 Critical pressure.9 3.3.11 Physical hardness .9 3.4 Chemical properties 9 4 Purity criteria9 4.1 General9 4.2 Composition of commercial product.9 4.3 Impurities and main b
15、y-products.10 4.4 Chemical parameters 10 5 Test methods11 5.1 Sampling.11 5.1.1 Solid 11 5.1.2 Liquid 11 5.2 Analyses .12 6 Labelling - Transportation - Storage12 6.1 Means of delivery.12 6.2 Risk and safety labelling in accordance with the EU-Directives .12 6.3 Transportation regulations and labell
16、ing13 6.4 Marking .13 6.5 Storage13 6.5.1 General13 6.5.2 Long term stability.13 6.5.3 Storage incompatibilities 14 Annex A (informative) General information on aluminium sulfate.15 A.1 Origin 15 A.1.1 Raw materials.15 A.1.2 Manufacturing process .15 A.2 Quality of commercial product.15 A.3 Use 18 S
17、ANS 50878:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 878:2004 (E) 3 A.3.1 Function18 A.3.2 Form in which it is used18 A.3.3 Treatment dose 19 A.3.4 Means of application .19 A.3.5 Secondary effects19 A.3.6 Removal of excess product
18、19 Annex B (normative) General rules relating to safety .20 B.1 Rules for safe handling and use 20 B.2 Emergency procedures.20 B.2.1 First aid.20 B.2.2 Spillage .20 B.2.3 Fire 20 Bibliography21 SANS 50878:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing client
19、s of the SABS .EN 878:2004 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 878:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
20、by endorsement, at the latest by December 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2004. This document supersedes EN 878:1997. Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 878:1997 are as follows : a) deletion of the reference to EU Direc
21、tive 80/778/EEC of 15 July 1980 ; b) introduction of an annex B (normative) giving general rules relating to safety ; c) expansion of annex A by addition of A.2 “Quality of commercial product“. Annex A is informative. Annex B is normative. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/
22、CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
23、Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SANS 50878:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 878:2004 (E) 5 Introduction In respect of potential adverse eff
24、ects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this standard : a) this standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA ; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting
25、the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA.
26、The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. SANS 50878:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 878:2004 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard is applicabl
27、e to aluminium sulfate used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of aluminium sulfate and specifies the requirements for aluminium sulfate and gives reference to the analytical methods. It gives information on its use in water treatment. It also det
28、ermines the rules relating to safe handling and use of aluminium sulfate (see annex B). 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the pu
29、blications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
30、 amendments). EN 1302, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption Aluminium-based coagulants - Analytical methods. ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use - Safety in sampling. ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use - Sampling - Vocabulary. ISO 82
31、13, Chemical products for industrial use - Sampling techniques - Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps. 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name Aluminium sulfate. 3.1.2 Synonym or common names Aluminium sulfate, cake alum, alum. NOTE In En
32、glish the generic term “alum“ is imprecise and is deprecated and in German the term “Alaun“ is misleading. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 342,14 for Al2(SO4)3. 3.1.4 Empirical formula Al2(SO4)3. 3.1.5 Chemical formula Al2(SO4)3n H2O. SANS 50878:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by appro
33、ved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 878:2004 (E) 7 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number 1)Al2(SO4)3: 10043-01-3. Al2(SO4)3.16 H2O : 16828-11-8. Al2(SO4)3.18 H2O : 7784-31-8. 3.1.7 EINECS reference 2)Al2(SO4)3: 233-135-0. 3.2 Commercial forms Aluminium sulfate is available in solid hydrated
34、 forms, with different particle sizes (slabs, kibbled, ground, granulated) and as aqueous solutions. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance The product is a white solid or colourless to yellow, clear liquid. 3.3.2 Density The density of a typical aluminium sulfate solution is given in Table 1 and
35、varies depending on the concentration of the active matter (aluminium content), expressed in grams per kilogram of solution (Al g/kg). Table 1 Density of solution Al g/kg of solution Density at 15 C g/ml 40,8 1,310 41,6 1,315 42,5 1,320 43,3 1,325 44,2 1,330 45,0 1,335 3.3.3 Solubility The theoretic
36、al limit of active matter content for a typical solution is given in Table 2. 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. SANS 50878:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients o
37、f the SABS .EN 878:2004 (E) 8 Table 2 Solubility Temperature Active matter in C Al g/kg of solution - 1 44,7 24 44,8 The practical limit of solubility depends on the temperature and the device used for solubilization of the solid form (slabs, kibbled, ground or granulated). An indication of practica
38、l limits is given in Table 3. Table 3 Indication of practical limits of solubility Temperature C Active matter Al g/kg of solution Solubility in grams solid form (containing Al 90 g/kg of solid) per kilogram of solution 15 37 410 3.3.4 Vapour pressure at 20 C Not known. 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kP
39、a 3)Not known. 3.3.6 Crystallization point The crystallization point of aluminium sulfate varies, depending on the concentration of the active matter. For example : - 7 C for a typical solution of aluminium content of 42,4 g/kg of solution. 3.3.7 Specific heat Not known. 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) Th
40、e viscosity of aluminium sulfate solution varies greatly, depending on the concentration of the active matter. For a typical solution of aluminium content of 42,4 g/kg of solution, the viscosity is given in Table 4. 3) 100 kPa = 1 bar. SANS 50878:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by ap
41、proved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 878:2004 (E) 9 Table 4 Viscosity Temperature C Viscosity mPa.s 0 40,0 10 26,5 20 18,6 30 13,2 40 8,8 3.3.9 Critical temperature Not applicable. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical p
42、roperties Aluminium sulfate is an acidic hydrated salt or solution. Very dilute solutions hydrolyse and form a precipitate of aluminium hydroxide. NOTE Since aluminium compounds are amphoteric in nature, the solubility of aluminium depends on the pH value and the product should be used within an app
43、ropriate pH range. 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for aluminium sulfate used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and t
44、he manufacturing process other impurities can be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. NOTE Users of the product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended
45、for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not stated in the product standard, and other relevant factors. Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be pre
46、sent in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If a change in the production process or raw materials leads to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. 4.2 Composition of commercial produc
47、t The concentration of active matter (aluminium content) in the product expressed as grams per kilogram of product shall be within 3 % of the manufacturers declared values. SANS 50878:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .EN 878
48、:2004 (E) 10 NOTE The concentration of water-soluble aluminium in commercial products varies. Typical values are given here below: Commercial form Al g/kg of product Solid 72 to 91 Solution 32 44 4.3 Impurities and main by-products The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 5.
49、Table 5 Limits of impurities Grade Impurity Limit g/kg of Al Iron free Iron (Fe) max. 1,60 Low iron Iron (Fe) max. 1,60 Fe 115 All grades Insoluble matter max. 23 NOTE The value quoted for iron is for both iron (II) and iron (III). Iron can be present as a component of the product and will usually be removed in the treatment process. 4.4 Chemical parameters The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 6. Table 6 Chemical parameters Parameter Limit mg/kg of Al Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Arsenic (As) max. 14 40 100 Cadmium (Cd) max. 3
