1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22994-8 SANS 589:2009Edition 2ISO 589:2008Edition 4SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Hard coal Determination of total moisture This national
4、 standard is the identical implementation of ISO 589:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za
5、 SABS SANS 589:2009 Edition 2 ISO 589:2008 Edition 4 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 27B, Solid mineral fuels Test methods, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3
6、of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in September 2009. This SANS document supersedes SANS 589:2005 (edition 1). Reference numberISO 589:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO589Fourth edition2008-11-01Hard coal Determination of total moisture Houille Dtermination de lhumidi
7、t totale SANS 589:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 589:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be
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12、il copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedSANS 589:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 589:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v
13、1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 2 5 Reagent 2 6 Apparatus 3 7 Sample . 3 8 Procedure 4 9 Precision 7 10 Test report . 8 Bibliography . 9 SANS 589:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SAB
14、S .ISO 589:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each
15、 member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internationa
16、l Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
17、 adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
18、 patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 589 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5, Methods of analysis. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 589:2003), which has be
19、en technically revised. SANS 589:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 589:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction Moisture is an important parameter in respect of coal quality. The moisture content of coal is not
20、 an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardized. It is expected that the results given by the different methods specified here should be comparable within the limits of the tolerance quoted. It is always necessary that the determination of the total moisture content o
21、f hard coals be considered in close connection with sampling. Therefore, this International Standard has been prepared in close relationship with the ISO standards for mechanical sampling ISO 13909 (all parts) and manual sampling ISO 18283. A major problem with the preparation of test samples for th
22、e determination of moisture is the risk of bias due to inadvertent loss of moisture. This is dependent on the tightness of the sealing of sampling containers, the level of moisture content in the sample, the ambient conditions, the type of coal and the reduction and division procedures used. This is
23、 described in detail in ISO 13909-4 or ISO 18283. Depending on the mass, the nominal top size and the facilities available where samples are taken, it is possible to dry the sample directly after sampling (air-drying), then to reduce the particle size and prepare a test sample for determination of m
24、oisture in the air-dried sample. Alternatively, the whole sample may be transported to the laboratory and the total moisture determined. SANS 589:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .SANS 589:2009This s tandard may only be used
25、 and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 589:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Hard coal Determination of total moisture 1 Scope This International Standard describes two methods for determination of the total moisture content of hard
26、coals, a two-stage method and a single-stage method. For either method there is a choice between drying in air and drying in a nitrogen atmosphere. Depending on the coal rank, there may be systematic differences between the results obtained by drying in the different atmospheres on subsamples of the
27、 same sample. Drying in a nitrogen atmosphere is suitable for all hard coals, while drying in air is only suitable for hard coals not susceptible to oxidation. NOTE The term “not susceptible to oxidation” cannot be defined easily. Usually, high-rank coals such as anthracites are not oxidized under t
28、he conditions described in this International Standard. For all other types of coal, this has to be verified by experiments. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For und
29、ated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1213-2, Solid mineral fuels Vocabulary Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis ISO 11722, Solid mineral fuels Hard Coal Determination of moisture in the general analysis test sampl
30、e by drying in nitrogen ISO 13909-1, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 1: General introduction ISO 13909-2, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 2: Coal Sampling from moving streams ISO 13909-3, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 3: Coal Sampling from stationary lots ISO 13
31、909-4:2001, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 4: Coal Preparation of test samples ISO 18283:2006, Hard coal and coke Manual sampling 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1213-2 apply. SANS 589:2009This s tandard may only be used
32、and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 589:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved4 Principle 4.1 Method A Two-stage methods 4.1.1 Method A 1 Drying under nitrogen in second stage The sample is dried in air at ambient temperatures or at elevated temperatures not
33、 exceeding 40 C (first or free-moisture stage) and the loss in mass recorded. The air-dried sample is crushed to 2,8 mm nominal top size and subsamples are dried at 105 C to 110 C in a nitrogen-flushed oven (second or residual moisture stage). NOTE Residual moisture is often called moisture in the a
34、ir-dried sample. Provided that the result obtained for the determination of moisture in the analysis sample in accordance with ISO 11722 can be shown to give the same result as that for the second-stage moisture determination, the former may be used. The moisture is calculated from the loss in mass
35、at each of the two stages. 4.1.2 Method A 2 Drying in air The sample is dried in air at ambient temperatures or at elevated temperatures not exceeding 40 C (first or free-moisture stage) and the loss in mass recorded. The air-dried sample is crushed to 2,8 mm nominal top size and subsamples are drie
36、d in air at 105 C to 110 C (second or residual moisture stage). The moisture is calculated from the loss in mass at each of the two stages. NOTE This method is suitable only for hard coals not susceptible to oxidation. 4.2 Method B Single-stage methods 4.2.1 Method B 1 Drying under nitrogen The samp
37、le is crushed to a nominal top size of either 11,2 mm or, alternatively, 10 mm. A subsample is dried in a nitrogen-flushed oven at a temperature of 105 C to 110 C. The moisture is calculated from the loss in mass. 4.2.2 Method B 2 Drying in air The sample is crushed to a nominal top size of either 1
38、1,2 mm or, alternatively, 10 mm. A subsample is dried in air at a temperature of 105 C to 110 C. The moisture is calculated from the loss in mass. NOTE This method is suitable only for hard coals not susceptible to oxidation. 5 Reagent Nitrogen, moisture-free, having an oxygen content of less than 3
39、0 l/l. NOTE Commercially available nitrogen with a water content of less than 5 l/l does not require further drying. SANS 589:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 589:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 36 Apparatus 6.1 Me
40、thod A 6.1.1 Oven, for first-stage moisture determination, capable of being controlled at a temperature of 30 C to 40 C, with a sufficiently rapid rate of atmosphere change (e.g. 5 times per hour). The air velocity shall be such that the sample particles are not dislodged from their tray. 6.1.2 Nitr
41、ogen-flushed oven, for second-stage moisture determination, capable of being controlled at a temperature of 105 C to 110 C, with the additional provision for passing a current of dry nitrogen through it at a flow rate about 15 times the oven volume per hour. The gas velocity shall be such that the s
42、ample particles are not dislodged from their dish. 6.1.3 Oven, for second-stage moisture determination, capable of being controlled at a temperature of 105 C to 110 C, with a sufficiently rapid rate of atmosphere change (e.g. 5 times per hour). The air velocity shall be such that the sample particle
43、s are not dislodged from their dish. 6.2 Method B 6.2.1 Nitrogen-flushed oven, for method B 1, capable of being controlled at a temperature of 105 C to 110 C, with the additional provision for passing a current of dry nitrogen through it at a flow rate about 15 times the oven volume per hour. The ni
44、trogen velocity shall be such that the sample particles are not dislodged from their tray. 6.2.2 Oven, for method B 2, capable of being controlled at a temperature of 105 C to 110 C and with a sufficiently rapid rate of atmosphere change (e.g. 5 times per hour). The air velocity shall be such that t
45、he sample particles are not dislodged from their tray. 6.3 Methods A and B 6.3.1 Weighing tray, made of heat- and corrosion-resistant material of such dimensions that the loading of the coal layer does not exceed 1 g/cm2. 6.3.2 Weighing dishes, shallow vessels of glass, silica or corrosion-resistant
46、 metal with well-fitting covers of such a size that the loading of the coal layer does not exceed 0,3 g/cm2. 6.3.3 Apparatus for size reduction (to 11,2 mm or 10,0 mm and 2,8 mm), without significant loss in moisture content. 6.3.4 Balance, capable of weighing to 0,1 g. 6.3.5 Analytical balance, cap
47、able of weighing to the nearest 1 mg. 6.3.6 Sample divider, e.g. riffle divider. 7 Sample 7.1 General Depending on the mass, the nominal top size and the facilities available where samples are taken, it is possible to dry the sample (air-drying) directly after sampling, then to reduce the particle s
48、ize and prepare a test sample for determination of moisture in the air-dried sample (“on-site treatment”). Alternatively, the whole sample may be transported to the laboratory and the moisture determined. SANS 589:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemaili
49、ng clients of the SABS .ISO 589:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved7.2 Sampling and sample preparation Sampling shall be made in accordance with ISO 13909-1, ISO 13909-2 and ISO 13909-3 for mechanical sampling, or ISO 18283 for manual sampling. On-site sample preparation shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 13909-4 for mechanical sampling, or ISO 18283 for manual sampling. NOTE If convenient, samples for moisture determination may be extracted from a common sampl
