1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23151-4 SANS 6709:2009Edition 1 ISO 6709:2008Edition 2 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Standard representation of geographic point locatio
4、n by coordinates This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 6709:2008, and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax
5、: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 6709:2009 Edition 1 ISO 6709:2008 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 71E, Information technology Geographic information, in accordance with procedures of
6、the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in October 2009. Reference numberISO 6709:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO6709Second edition2008-07-15Standard representation of geographic point location by coordinates Reprse
7、ntation normalise des latitude, longitude et altitude pour la localisation des points gographiques SANS 6709:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 6709:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In
8、accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adob
9、es licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for
10、printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless othe
11、rwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyrigh
12、t office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedSANS 6709:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SA
13、BS .ISO 6709:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance. 1 3 Normative references . 1 4 Terms and definitions. 2 5 Abbreviated terms 3 6 Requirements for the representation of geographic point location 3 6.1 Conceptual model for geograp
14、hic point locations 3 6.2 Elements required for geographic point location . 5 6.3 Coordinate Reference System identification . 5 6.4 Representation of horizontal position 5 6.5 Representation of vertical position. 6 6.6 Coordinate resolution. 6 6.7 Utilization of geographic point locations . 6 7 Rep
15、resentation of geographic point location 6 7.1 UML model. 6 7.2 XML representation 6 7.3 Text string representation . 7 Annex A (normative) Conformance and abstract test suite 8 Annex B (informative) Latitude and longitude coordinates are not unique . 10 Annex C (normative) UML description for repre
16、sentation of geographic point locations . 12 Annex D (informative) Representation of latitude and longitude at the human interface 17 Annex E (informative) Latitude and longitude resolution 19 Annex F (informative) Utilization of Geographic Point Locations. 20 Annex G (informative) Examples of XML r
17、epresentation. 23 Annex H (informative) Text string representation of point location 25 Bibliography . 28 SANS 6709:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 6709:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the Internat
18、ional Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has bee
19、n established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical stand
20、ardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for
21、 voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
22、 such patent rights. ISO 6709 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6709:1983), which has been technically revised. The first edition provided for the representation of latitude and longitude
23、for geographic point locations. This second edition extends the use of the representation to applications requiring latitude or longitude values to be quoted separately, for example when quoting a difference in two meridian values. It also extends the representation of latitude and longitude to allo
24、w the values for each to be held in separate numeric fields. This second edition additionally provides for the representation of horizontal point location by coordinates other than latitude and longitude, and makes provisions for a variable-length format which has the flexibility to cover these vari
25、ous requirements. It also includes provisions for heights and depths. This second edition is primarily intended for data interchange between computer systems. Informative Annex D, which summarises the different requirements at the human interface, has been added. The first edition used the term alti
26、tude to describe vertical position. This International Standard uses the more general term height and also allows for vertical location to be described as depth. SANS 6709:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 6709:2008(E) I
27、SO 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction Efficient interchange of geographic-point-location data requires formats which are universally interpretable and which allow identification of points on, above and below the earths surface. Users in various disciplines may have different requirements. This i
28、s exemplified by the use of degrees and decimal degrees, as well as the traditional degrees, minutes and seconds, for recording latitude and longitude. Users may also require various levels of precision and may use latitude and longitude without height. The use of this International Standard will a)
29、 reduce the cost of interchange of data, b) reduce the delay in converting non-standard coding structures in preparation for interchange by providing advance knowledge of the standard interchange format, and c) provide flexible support for geographic point representation. SANS 6709:2009This s tandar
30、d may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .This page has been left blank intentionally SANS 6709:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6709:2008(E) ISO
31、 2008 All rights reserved 1Standard representation of geographic point location by coordinates 1 Scope This International Standard is applicable to the interchange of coordinates describing geographic point location. It specifies the representation of coordinates, including latitude and longitude, t
32、o be used in data interchange. It additionally specifies representation of horizontal point location using coordinate types other than latitude and longitude. It also specifies the representation of height and depth that may be associated with horizontal coordinates. Representation includes units of
33、 measure and coordinate order. This International Standard is not applicable to the representation of information held within computer memories during processing and in their use in registers of geodetic codes and parameters. This International Standard supports point location representation through
34、 the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and, recognizing the need for compatibility with the previous version of this International Standard, ISO 6709:1983, allows for the use of a single alpha-numeric string to describe point locations. For computer data interchange of latitude and longitude, this In
35、ternational Standard generally suggests that decimal degrees be used. It allows the use of sexagesimal notations: degrees, minutes and decimal minutes or degrees, minutes, seconds and decimal seconds. This International Standard does not require special internal procedures, file-organization techniq
36、ues, storage medium, languages, etc., to be used in its implementation. 2 Conformance To conform to this International Standard, representations of point locations by coordinates shall satisfy all of the conditions specified in the abstract test suite (see Annex A). 3 Normative references The follow
37、ing referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 8859-1, Information technology 8-bit single-byte co
38、ded graphic character sets Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1 ISO/TS 19103, Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19107, Geographic Information Spatial schema ISO 19111:2007, Geographic Information Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19115:2003, Geographic Information Metadata ISO 19118
39、, Geographic information Encoding SANS 6709:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 6709:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reservedISO/TS 19127, Geographic Information Geodetic codes and parameters ISO 19133, Geographic Informatio
40、n Location based services Tracking and navigation 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 accuracy closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value ISO 3534-2:2006 4.2 altitude height where the cho
41、sen reference surface is mean sea level 4.3 coordinate one of a sequence of n numbers designating the position of a point in n-dimensional space NOTE In a coordinate reference system, the coordinate numbers are qualified by units. ISO 19111:2007 4.4 coordinate set collection of coordinate tuples rel
42、ated to the same coordinate reference system ISO 19111:2007 4.5 coordinate tuple tuple composed of a sequence of coordinates NOTE The number of coordinates in the coordinate tuple equals the dimension of the coordinate system; the order of coordinates in the coordinate tuple is identical to the orde
43、r of the axes of the coordinate system. ISO 19111:2007 4.6 depth distance of a point from a chosen reference surface measured downward along a line perpendicular to that surface NOTE A depth above the reference surface will have a negative value. ISO 19111:2007 4.7 height h, H distance of a point fr
44、om a chosen reference surface measured upward along a line perpendicular to that surface NOTE A height below the reference surface will have a negative value. ISO 19111:2007 SANS 6709:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 67
45、09:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 34.8 metadata data about data ISO 19115:2003 4.9 precision measure of the repeatability of a set of measurements ISO 19116:2004 4.10 resolution coordinate unit associated with the least significant digit of a coordinate NOTE Coordinate resolution may have line
46、ar or angular units depending on the characteristics of the coordinate system. 4.11 sexagesimal degree angle represented by a sequence of values in degrees, minutes and seconds NOTE In the case of latitude or longitude, it may also include a character indicating hemisphere. EXAMPLE 50,079 572 5 degr
47、ees is represented as 500446,461“ sexagesimal degrees. 4.12 tuple ordered list of values ISO 19136:2007 5 Abbreviated terms CRS Coordinate Reference System GPL Geographic Point Location GML Geography Markup Language UML Unified Modelling Language XML eXtensible Mark-up Language 6 Requirements for th
48、e representation of geographic point location 6.1 Conceptual model for geographic point locations A coordinate is one of a sequence of numbers describing the position of a point. A coordinate tuple is composed of a sequence of coordinates describing one position. EXAMPLE A coordinate tuple consistin
49、g of latitude, longitude and height represents a 3-dimensional geographic position. SANS 6709:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 6709:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reservedA coordinate tuple represents a location unambiguously only if the coordinate reference system (CRS) to which it is referenced is identified. Without this identification, uncertainty in position may result in the location being as much as several hundred me
