1、INCITS/ISO 6709-2008 (ISO 6709:2008 , IDT) Standard representationof geographic point location by coordinatesINCITS/ISO 6709-2008 (ISO 6709:2008 , IDT)Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without
2、 license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 6709-2008 ii ITIC 2008 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and
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5、nd, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 12/18/2008Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York,
6、 New York 10036 Copyright 2008 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), an
7、d Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW,
8、Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 6709-2008 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Pag
9、e Foreword iv Introduction .v 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance 1 3 Normative references .1 4 Terms and definitions 2 5 Abbreviated terms 3 6 Requirements for the representation of geographic point location .3 6.1 Conceptual model for geographic point locations .3 6.2 Elements required for geographic point lo
10、cation .5 6.3 Coordinate Reference System identification.5 6.4 Representation of horizontal position .5 6.5 Representation of vertical position .6 6.6 Coordinate resolution 6 6.7 Utilization of geographic point locations 6 7 Representation of geographic point location6 7.1 UML model 6 7.2 XML repres
11、entation 6 7.3 Text string representation 7 Annex A (normative) Conformance and abstract test suite 8 Annex B (informative) Latitude and longitude coordinates are not unique 10 Annex C (normative) UML description for representation of geographic point locations . 12 Annex D (informative) Representat
12、ion of latitude and longitude at the human interface 17 Annex E (informative) Latitude and longitude resolution 19 Annex F (informative) Utilization of Geographic Point Locations . 20 Annex G (informative) Examples of XML representation . 23 Annex H (informative) Text string representation of point
13、location 25 Bibliography 28 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 6709-2008 iv ITIC 2008 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization fo
14、r Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the
15、 right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Internati
16、onal Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication
17、as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
18、ISO 6709 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6709:1983), which has been technically revised. The first edition provided for the representation of latitude and longitude for geographic point
19、locations. This second edition extends the use of the representation to applications requiring latitude or longitude values to be quoted separately, for example when quoting a difference in two meridian values. It also extends the representation of latitude and longitude to allow the values for each
20、 to be held in separate numeric fields. This second edition additionally provides for the representation of horizontal point location by coordinates other than latitude and longitude, and makes provisions for a variable-length format which has the flexibility to cover these various requirements. It
21、also includes provisions for heights and depths. This second edition is primarily intended for data interchange between computer systems. Informative Annex D, which summarises the different requirements at the human interface, has been added. The first edition used the term altitude to describe vert
22、ical position. This International Standard uses the more general term height and also allows for vertical location to be described as depth. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f
23、rom IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 6709-2008 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction Efficient interchange of geographic-point-location data requires formats which are universally interpretable and which allow identification of points on, above and below the earths surface. Users in various disciplines may
24、 have different requirements. This is exemplified by the use of degrees and decimal degrees, as well as the traditional degrees, minutes and seconds, for recording latitude and longitude. Users may also require various levels of precision and may use latitude and longitude without height. The use of
25、 this International Standard will a) reduce the cost of interchange of data, b) reduce the delay in converting non-standard coding structures in preparation for interchange by providing advance knowledge of the standard interchange format, and c) provide flexible support for geographic point represe
26、ntation. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or
27、 networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INCITS/ISO 6709-2008 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved 1 Standard representation of geographic point location by coordinates 1 Scope This International Standard is applicable to the interchange of coordinates describing geogra
28、phic point location. It specifies the representation of coordinates, including latitude and longitude, to be used in data interchange. It additionally specifies representation of horizontal point location using coordinate types other than latitude and longitude. It also specifies the representation
29、of height and depth that may be associated with horizontal coordinates. Representation includes units of measure and coordinate order. This International Standard is not applicable to the representation of information held within computer memories during processing and in their use in registers of g
30、eodetic codes and parameters. This International Standard supports point location representation through the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and, recognizing the need for compatibility with the previous version of this International Standard, ISO 6709:1983, allows for the use of a single alpha-nume
31、ric string to describe point locations. For computer data interchange of latitude and longitude, this International Standard generally suggests that decimal degrees be used. It allows the use of sexagesimal notations: degrees, minutes and decimal minutes or degrees, minutes, seconds and decimal seco
32、nds. This International Standard does not require special internal procedures, file-organization techniques, storage medium, languages, etc., to be used in its implementation. 2 Conformance To conform to this International Standard, representations of point locations by coordinates shall satisfy all
33、 of the conditions specified in the abstract test suite (see Annex A). 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
34、document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 8859-1, Information technology 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1 ISO/TS 19103, Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19107, Geographic Information Spatial schema ISO 19111:2007, Geographic
35、Information Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19115:2003, Geographic Information Metadata ISO 19118, Geographic information Encoding Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
36、 IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 6709-2008 2 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved ISO/TS 19127, Geographic Information Geodetic codes and parameters ISO 19133, Geographic Information Location based services Tracking and navigation 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and defini
37、tions apply. 4.1 accuracy closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value ISO 3534-2:2006 4.2 altitude height where the chosen reference surface is mean sea level 4.3 coordinate one of a sequence of n numbers designating the position of a point in n-dimensional
38、space NOTE In a coordinate reference system, the coordinate numbers are qualified by units. ISO 19111:2007 4.4 coordinate set collection of coordinate tuples related to the same coordinate reference system ISO 19111:2007 4.5 coordinate tuple tuple composed of a sequence of coordinates NOTE The numbe
39、r of coordinates in the coordinate tuple equals the dimension of the coordinate system; the order of coordinates in the coordinate tuple is identical to the order of the axes of the coordinate system. ISO 19111:2007 4.6 depth distance of a point from a chosen reference surface measured downward alon
40、g a line perpendicular to that surface NOTE A depth above the reference surface will have a negative value. ISO 19111:2007 4.7 height h, H distance of a point from a chosen reference surface measured upward along a line perpendicular to that surface NOTE A height below the reference surface will hav
41、e a negative value. ISO 19111:2007 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 6709-2008 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved 3 4.8 metadata data about data ISO 19115:20
42、03 4.9 precision measure of the repeatability of a set of measurements ISO 19116:2004 4.10 resolution coordinate unit associated with the least significant digit of a coordinate NOTE Coordinate resolution may have linear or angular units depending on the characteristics of the coordinate system. 4.1
43、1 sexagesimal degree angle represented by a sequence of values in degrees, minutes and seconds NOTE In the case of latitude or longitude, it may also include a character indicating hemisphere. EXAMPLE 50,079 572 5 degrees is represented as 500446,461“ sexagesimal degrees. 4.12 tuple ordered list of
44、values ISO 19136:2007 5 Abbreviated terms CRS Coordinate Reference System GPL Geographic Point Location GML Geography Markup Language UML Unified Modelling Language XML eXtensible Mark-up Language 6 Requirements for the representation of geographic point location 6.1 Conceptual model for geographic
45、point locations A coordinate is one of a sequence of numbers describing the position of a point. A coordinate tuple is composed of a sequence of coordinates describing one position. EXAMPLE A coordinate tuple consisting of latitude, longitude and height represents a 3-dimensional geographic position
46、. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INCITS/ISO 6709-2008 4 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved A coordinate tuple represents a location unambiguously only if the coordin
47、ate reference system (CRS) to which it is referenced is identified. Without this identification, uncertainty in position may result in the location being as much as several hundred metres distant, see Annex B. ISO 19111 defines the elements required to describe a coordinate reference system. A coord
48、inate set is a collection of coordinate tuples. ISO 19111 requires that all coordinate tuples within a coordinate set should be referenced to the same coordinate reference system. If only one point is being described, the association between the coordinate tuple and coordinate reference system may be direct. For a coordinate set, one CRS identification or definition is associated with the coordinate set and all coordinate tuples in that coordinate inherit that association. The conceptual relationship between the coordinate tuple, coordinate set and coordin
