1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22179-9 SANS 745-0:2008Edition 1AS/NZS 4357.0:2005Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Structural laminated veneer lumber Part 0: Spec
4、ifications This national standard is the identical implementation of AS/NZS 4357.0:2005 and is adopted with the permission of Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 1
5、2 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 745-0:2008 Edition 1 AS/NZS 4357.0:2005 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 1008A, Sawn timber and semi-manufactured timber products Structural timber, in accorda
6、nce with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in November 2008. AS/NZS 4357.0:2005Australian/New Zealand StandardTMStructural laminated veneer lumber Part O: Specifications First published as AS/NZS 4357:1995
7、 Revised and redesignated as AS/NZS 4357.02005 COPYRIGHT Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher
8、Jointly published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Syndey, NSW 2001 and Standards New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6020 ISBN 0 7337 6812 1 AS/NZS 4357.0:2005 2 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee TM-008, Plywood Timber Prod
9、ucts, to supersede AS/NZS 4357:1995, Structural Laminated Veneer Lumber. The objective of this Standard is to specify requirements for the manufacture, structural characterization, and structural verification of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) intended for structural applications. The objective of thi
10、s revision is to reflect the advances in the industry and developments in manufacturing and utilization technologies. This revision includes requirements for the testing and labelling of structural LVL for formaldehyde emission. Three formaldehyde emission classes, E0, E1and E2have been specified. L
11、VL is an internationally used generic descriptor for an assembly of veneers laminated with adhesive, in which the grain direction of the outer veneers and most other veneers is in the longitudinal direction. LVL is used for a wide variety of purposes, including structural and non-structural applicat
12、ions as follows: (a) Structural applications include continuous length LVL as beams and columns for houses, wide span buildings and bridges; formwork; truss chords; I-beam flanges; short length LVL jointed together with nail plates to form beams; scaffold planks and structural decking or soffits, us
13、ually incorporating two or more cross-band veneers for stability. (b) Non-structural applications include joinery, furniture and fitments where appearance or machining qualities, or both, are important but structural reliability and bond durability are relatively less important. LVL for these applic
14、ations is sometimes curve-formed or covered with decorative overlays, or encased in other materials. This Standard has been prepared to cover the manufacture and characterization of LVL intended for structural use only, and called structural LVL. It does not attempt to describe requirements for LVL
15、intended for non-structural uses. Appearance requirements for structural LVL are not specified. Only phenolic, Type A bonds are included on the basis that, currently, only that bond type has known long-term durability, suitable for structural applications. This Standard is only concerned with the LV
16、L component of assemblies such as trusses, nail plate jointed beams and I-beams, but not the assemblies themselves. This Standard, written in performance terms, seeks to ensure reliability and predictability of performance in all aspects, by requiring the following: (i) Manufacture of structural LVL
17、 to a specification that identifies and sets limits upon all controlling process variables. (ii) Testing and evaluation of in-grade manufactured structural LVL in order to derive reliable engineering design properties. (iii) Continuous monitoring of the mechanical properties of structural LVL as it
18、is produced, in order to verify and validate continued use of stated design properties. 3 AS/NZS 4357.0:2005 This Standard is revised to form Part 0 of the AS/NZS 4357 series, Structural laminated veneer lumber, which comprises the following parts: AS/NZS 4357 Structural laminated veneer lumber 4357
19、.0 Part 0: Specifications (this Standard) 4357.1 Part 1: Method of test for measurement of dimensions and shape (to supersede AS/NZS 2098.10:1995, Methods of test for veneer and plywood, Method 10: Measurement of dimensions and shape for structural Laminated Veneer Lumber) 4357.4 Part 4: Determinati
20、on of formaldehyde emission This Committee is currently developing companion Standards in relation to testing and evaluation of structural LVL, as follows: Part 2: Determination of structural properties Test methods Part 3: Determination of Structural Properties Evaluation methods The term informati
21、ve has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which it applies. An informative appendix is only for information and guidance. AS/NZS 4357.0:2005 4 CONTENTS Page SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE 5 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 5 1.3 DEFINITION . 5 1.4 DIMENSIONS AND S
22、HAPE 7 1.5 MOISTURE CONTENT 8 1.6 IMMUNIZATION, PRESERVATIVE AND CHEMICAL TREATMENTS . 8 1.7 PUBLICATION OF CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OR DATA . 8 1.8 BRANDING 9 SECTION 2 MANUFACTURE 2.1 GENERAL 9 2.2 MANUFACTURING SPECIFICATION . 9 2.3 VENEER 10 2.4 ASSEMBLY 10 2.5 BONDING BETWEEN PLIES 11 2.6 MANU
23、FACTURING PROCESS . 11 2.7 FORMALDEHYDE . 12 2.8 STORAGE AND HANDLING . 12 SECTION 3 STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES 3.1 GENERAL 12 3.2 PROPERTIES REQUIRED TO BE DETERMINED . 12 3.3 METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES 13 3.4 ADOPTION OF F-GRADE 14 3.5 ADOPTION OF JOINT GROUP FOR NAILS, SCREWS A
24、ND BOLTS . 14 3.6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 14 SECTION 4 STRUCTURAL VERIFICATION 4.1 GENERAL 15 4.2 CONTINUOUS VALIDATION OF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES . 15 4.3 RE-EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES 15 APPENDICES A STORAGE AND HANDLING OF STRUCTURAL LVL 15 B MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD
25、 . 17 C PROCEDURES FOR CONTINUOUS VERIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES FOR LVL BASED ON TESTING OF BENDING STIFFNESS AND STRENGTH . 18 STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Australian/New Zealand Standard Structural laminated veneer lumber Part 0: Specifications SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1
26、SCOPE This Standard specifies manufacturing, in-grade structural characterization and structural verification requirements for structural laminated veneer lumber (LVL) as a continuously glued assembly of veneers and for which structural design is performed in accordance with AS 1720.1 or NZS 3603. D
27、esign information specific to structural LVL is included in AS 1720.1. 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1199 Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes 1199.0 Part 0: Introduction to the ISO 2859 attribute sampling system 1199.1 P
28、art 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection 1604 Specification for preservative treatment 1604.1 Part 1: Sawn and round timber 1649 Timber Methods of test for mechanical fasteners and connectors Basic working loads and characteristic strength 1720 Timb
29、er structures 1720.1 Part 1: Design methods 2754 Adhesives for timber and timber products 2754.1 Part 1: Adhesives for plywood manufacture AS/NZS 1604 Specification for preservative treatment 1604.4 Part 4: Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) 2098 Methods of test for veneer and plywood 2098.1 Method 1: Mo
30、isture content of veneer and plywood 2098.2 Method 2: Bond quality of plywood (chisel test) 2269 Plywood Structural 4063 Timber Stress-graded In-grade strength and stiffness evaluation AS/NZS 4357.0:2005 6 COPYRIGHT 4357 Structural laminated veneer lumber 4357.1 Part 1: Method of test for measuremen
31、t of dimensions and shape 4357.4 Part 4: Determination of formaldehyde emission 4491 Timber Glossary of terms in timber-related Standards AS/NZS HB 18 Guidelines for third-party certification and accreditation HB 18.28 Guide 28 General rules for a model third-party certification scheme for products
32、NZS 3603 Timber structures Standard Code of practice for timber design 1.3 DEFINITION For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS/NZS 4491 and those below apply. 1.3.1 Face, edge, and end surfaces, length, width and thickness Face, edge, and end surfaces, length, width and thicknes
33、s are as shown in Figure 1. FIGURE 1 FACE, EDGE, AND END SURFACES, AND LENGTH, WIDTH AND THICKNESS OF LVL 1.3.2 Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) An assembly of veneers laminated with adhesive, in which the grain direction of the outer veneers, and of most of the other veneers, is in the longitudinal di
34、rection. 1.3.3 Structural LVL LVL manufactured in conformance with the requirements of this Standard and intended for structural application. 7 AS/NZS 4357.0:2005 COPYRIGHT 1.4 DIMENSIONS AND SHAPE 1.4.1 Dimensions Unless stated otherwise by the manufacturer, the dimensions of structural LVL, measur
35、ed in accordance with AS/NZS 4357.1, shall not differ from the manufacturers nominal dimensions by more than the following tolerances: (a) Thickness +4, 0 mm (b) Width up to 400 mm +2, 0 mm (c) Width, over 400 mm +5, 0 mm (d) Length . 0 mm NOTES 1 Actual dimensions are likely to exceed the minimum o
36、r called dimensions and this should be considered when detailing. 2 When LVL is ordered for recutting to length, it is good practice to include a cutting allowance in the supply length. 3 When length is critical, it may also be necessary to specify a positive tolerance. 1.4.2 Straightness The straig
37、htness of the LVL piece shall be as follows: (a) Spring The spring of the LVL piece measured in accordance with AS/NZS 4357.1 shall not exceed 1 mm in 1000 mm. (b) Bow The bow of an LVL piece measured in accordance with AS/NZS 4357.1 shall not exceed 1 mm in 1 000 mm. NOTE The measurement of bow in
38、AS/NZS 4357.1 involves application of a load. 1.4.3 Twist The twist of an LVL piece measured in accordance with AS/NZS 4357.1 shall not exceed the value calculated by the following equation: Length(mm) Width(mm)Twist =3 500 Thickness (mm)1.4.4 Squareness of section When measured in accordance with A
39、S/NZS 4357.1, the sides of a nominally rectangular cross-section of LVL shall not deviate from square by more than 1 mm in 100 mm. 1.4.5 Cupping No limit for cupping is specified in this Standard. NOTE Cupping is usually a result of a moisture gradient across the thickness and is more pronounced for
40、 thin, wide pieces. It is generally caused by exposure to changes in ambient conditions and, therefore, is usually not a manufacturing fault. AS/NZS 4357.0:2005 8 COPYRIGHT 1.5 MOISTURE CONTENT At the time of dispatch the moisture content of LVL, when determined in accordance with AS/NZS 2098.1, sha
41、ll be not less than 8%, nor more than 15 %. In the event of dispute, the moisture content shall be determined by the oven-drying method described in AS/NZS 2098.1. 1.6 IMMUNIZATION, PRESERVATIVE AND CHEMICAL TREATMENTS 1.6.1 Immunization of lyctid-susceptible sapwood Lyctid-susceptible sapwood venee
42、r shall be immunized in accordance with AS/NZS 1604.4. NOTES 1 The method for detection of lyctid-susceptible sapwood is given in AS 1604.1. 2 Guidelines for the immunization of lyctid-susceptible sapwood for structural LVL are given in AS/NZS 1604.4 and further information is available from state f
43、orestry departments, CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, and Forest Research. 3 Attention is drawn to the provisions of the Queensland Timber Utilization and Marketing Act, 1987 and the New South Wales Timber Marketing Act, 1977, regarding the sale and use in those states of timber (including LVL) c
44、ontaining lyctid-susceptible sapwood. 1.6.2 Preservative treatment Structural LVL exposed to insect or fungal attack shall be preservative treated in accordance with AS/NZS 1604.4. NOTES 1 In Queensland the Timber Utilization and Marketing Act, 1987, and in New South Wales the Timber Marketing Act,
45、1977, require prior approval of a treatment and registration of a brand before timber (including LVL) offered for sale in either of these states, can be described as preservative-treated. Detailed information about the requirements of such legislation may be obtained from the state forestry departme
46、nts concerned. 2 Treatment processes involving harsh wetting and drying regimes may cause internal checking and consequent loss of structural integrity. 3 Some chemical treatments are known to adversely affect structural properties of Structural LVL. 4 Under conditions of long-term full-weather expo
47、sure, the exposed surface of the structural laminated veneer lumber should be adequately protected. 1.6.3 Chemical treatment Where LVL is required to be chemically treated, then the possible effect of the chemicals or the treatment process upon the structural properties should be considered. Strengt
48、h effects of the chemical treatment process and any subsequent drying shall be evaluated. 1.7 PUBLICATION OF CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OR DATA Data shall be provided in either or both of the following forms: (a) For the purpose of engineering design in accordance with AS 1720.1 or NZS 3603 (i) eithe
49、r the characteristic properties for the LVL appropriate to the intended end use shall be published; or 9 AS/NZS 4357.0:2005 COPYRIGHT (ii) an F-grade classification shall be adopted in accordance with Clause 3.4, where each piece is identified as F-grade in accordance with Clause 1.8. (b) When design data are published in the form of application or load span tables, software output, or charts, the use of the LVL shall be restricted to those applications and the limiting conditions implied or specified by such data. 1.8 BRANDING Each piece
