1、Guide to SSPC-VIS 5/NACE VIS 9June 1, 2001Editorial Revisions November 1, 20042-51DisclaimerSSPC and NACE International issue this Guide and Reference Photographs in conformance with the best cur-rent technology regarding the specifi c subject. This Guide represents a consensus of those individual m
2、embers who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. This Guide is intended to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has adopted this Guide or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usi
3、ng products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this Guide. Nothing contained in this Guide is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnif
4、ying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Letters Patent. This Guide represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better products or materials. Neither is this Guide intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Un
5、predictable circumstances may ne-gate the usefulness of this Guide in specifi c instances. Neither NACE nor SSPC assumes responsibility for the interpretation or use of this Guide by other parties.Users of this Guide are responsible for reviewing appropri-ate health, safety, and regulatory documents
6、 and for determining their applicability in relation to this Guide prior to its use. This Guide may not necessarily address all safety problems and hazards associated with the use of materials, operations and/or equipment detailed or referred to within this document. Users of this Guide are also res
7、ponsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in con-sultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this Guide.CAUTIONARY NOTICE: This Guide
8、 is subject to periodic review and may be revised or withdrawn at any time without prior notice. This Guide must be reaffi rmed, revised, or reviewed no later than fi ve years from the date of initial publication. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. For information on this and other
9、joint SSPC/NACE publication, contact either organization. The SSPC Publications Dept. may be contacted at 40 24th Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656 (telephone +1 412-281-2331). The NACE International Membership Services Department may be contacted at 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, Texas 77084-4906
10、 (telephone +1 281-228-6200).1. Scope1.1 This Guide describes the use of Reference Photographs depicting the appearance of unpainted, rusted carbon steel prior to and after cleaning by wet abrasive blast cleaning (WAB) (slurry blasting). The wet abrasive blast cleaning techniques and equipment are d
11、escribed in the SSPC-TR 2/NACE 6G1981and the visual conditions are defi ned in SSPC-SP10/NACE No. 2,2SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3,3and ISO(1)8501-1:1988 (E).4SSPC and NACE International Reference Photographs are intended to supplement the written standards SSPC-SP10/NACE No. 2, SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3, and ISO
12、 8501-1:1988 (E). Pictures and descriptions of fl ash rusting are included for illustrative purposes. The written standards are the primary means to determine conformance with cleaning requirements. The photographs should not be used as a substitute for these standards.2. Description2.1 The Referenc
13、e Photographs consist of a series of 1:1 (actual size) color photographs that represent various condi-tions of unpainted steel surfaces prior to and after surface preparation by wet abrasive blast cleaning (see Sections A.1 and A.2).2.1.1 This Guide is applicable to surfaces produced by a variety of
14、 wet abrasive blast cleaning techniques. Wet Abra-sive Blast Cleaning (WAB) is performed using a mixture of fresh water and abrasive where the elimination or control of abrasive dust is required. The abrasive is the primary clean-ing mechanism. Two systems for wet abrasive blast cleaning are commonl
15、y encountered: air/water/abrasive blast cleaning, which uses compressed air to propel the abrasive; and pres-surized water/abrasive blast cleaning, which uses water to propel the abrasive. Although prepared from unpainted steel, the photographs are also suitable for depicting the appearance SSPC: Th
16、e Society for Protective CoatingsGuide to SSPC-VIS 5/NACE VIS 9Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning(1)International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varembe, Case Postale 56, CH 1121 Geneva 20, Switzerland. ISO standards are avail
17、able from the American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.Guide to SSPC-VIS 5/NACE VIS 9June 1, 2001Editorial Revisions November 1, 20042-52of painted steel after wet abrasive blast cleaning to the degree of cleanliness indicated. 2.1.2 The user of this Guide should
18、designate the degree of cleaning as WAB 10 “Wet Near-White Blast Cleaning,” or WAB 6 “Wet Commercial Blast Cleaning.” (See Section 4.2.)2.1.3 This Guide can be used to clarify the acceptable level of fl ash rusting allowed prior to the application of protective coatings. The coating manufacturer sho
19、uld be contacted to verify that the coating material selected is suitable for applica-tion over the degree of fl ash rusting that has been specifi ed (see Sections A.1, A.2, and A.3).2.1.4 The user of this Guide should designate the maxi-mum degree of fl ash rust permissible as None (the condition i
20、mmediately after cleaning), Light (L), Moderate (M), or Heavy (H) Flash Rust (see Section 4.4).2.2 DEFINITIONS2.2.1 Air/water/abrasive blast cleaning is a cleaning method in which water is injected into the air/abrasive stream generated by conventional air-pressurized abrasive blast cleaning equipme
21、nt. 2.2.2 Water/abrasive blast cleaning is a cleaning method in which abrasive is injected into the water stream generated by conventional fl uid pumps. 2.3 GENERIC TERMS: In the following sections of this Guide, the term “wet abrasive blast cleaning” (WAB) covers air/water/abrasive blast cleaning a
22、nd water/abrasive blast cleaning without differentiation.2.3.1 Descriptive Terms: Other generic terms to describe specifi c air/water/abrasive blast cleaning methods are: water shroud or wet-head blasting; wet blasting; low-volume water abrasive blasting; and slurry blasting. Other generic terms to
23、describe specifi c water/abrasive blast cleaning methods are: slurry blasting; abrasive waterjetting (AWJ); or abrasive-injected waterjetting/blasting (AIWJ). 3. Referenced Publications3.1SSPC AND SSPC/NACE INTERNATIONAL JOINT PUBLICATIONS:SSPC-TR 2/NACE 6G198 Wet Abrasive BlastCleaningSSPC-SP 5/NAC
24、E No. 1 White Metal Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3 Commercial Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 Near-White Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 14/NACE No. 8 Industrial Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 7/NACE No. 4 Brush-Off Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 1 Solvent CleaningSSPC-VIS 15Guide and Reference Pho-tographs for Steel S
25、urfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasive Blast CleaningSSPC-VIS 4/NACE VIS 76Guide and Reference Pho-tographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Waterjetting3.4 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STAN-DARDIZATION (ISO) STANDARD:ISO 8501-1 Preparation of steel substrates before ap-plication of paints and related pro
26、ducts (visual assessment of surface cleanlinessPart 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings.4. Conditions Depicted4.1 INITIAL CONDITIONS: The Reference Photographs illustrate two initial conditions of previ
27、ously unpainted, rusted carbon steel before surface preparation.Condition C: Steel surface completely covered with rust, little or no pitting visible (SSPC-VIS 1).Condition D: Steel surface completely covered with rust, pitting visible (SSPC-VIS 1).4.2 END CONDITION: The Reference Photographs illus-
28、trate surfaces prepared by wet abrasive blast cleaning using one abrasive. The various degrees of cleaning represented are:SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3 Commercial Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 Near-White Blast CleaningThe Reference Photographs (C WAB-10, C WAB-6, D WAB-10, and D WAB-6) depict the appe
29、arance immediately after wet abrasive blast cleaning. The photographs of initial condition and the photographs after cleaning depict different areas of the steel plate.Note: The WAB-6 Reference Photographs are compa-rable to the degree of staining permitted in C Sa 2 and D Sa 2 of ISO 8501-1. The WA
30、B-10 Reference Photographs are comparable to the degree of staining permitted in C Sa 2-1/2 and D Sa 2-1/2 of ISO 8501-1. Also see SSPC-VIS 1 and Section 4.5 below.Illustrative photos for all cases of cleaning, fl ash rust, and Conditions A and B (Rust Grades A and B) are not included. Wet abrasive
31、blast cleaning can be used to produce SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 17, SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2, SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3, SSPC-SP 7/NACE No. 48and SSPC-SP 14/NACE No. 89on all steel conditions - A, B, C, and D.4.3 Variations in texture, shade, color, tone, pitting, fl aking, etc., of steel surfaces should be consid
32、ered when comparing with the reference photographs.Guide to SSPC-VIS 5/NACE VIS 9June 1, 2001Editorial Revisions November 1, 20042-534.4 FLASH RUST: The Reference Photographs also il-lustrate three degrees of fl ash rust. Flash rust or rust bloom is a light oxidation of the steel, which occurs as we
33、t abrasive blast cleaned steel dries off. It quickly changes the initial ap-pearance. The color of the fl ash rust may vary depending on the age and composition of the steel and the time-of-wetness of the substrate prior to drying. (See Sections A.1, A.2, and A.5.)The two series of fl ash rust photo
34、graphs are illustrative for steel substrates cleaned to SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1, SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2, SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3, SSPC-SP 7/NACE No. 4, SSPC-SP 14/NACE No. 8, and ISO 8501-1, not just for the specifi c depicted condition.4.4.1 No Flash Rust: The steel surface, when viewed without magnifi ca
35、tion, exhibits no visible fl ash rust.4.4.2 Light Flash Rust (L): A surface which, when viewed without magnifi cation, exhibits small quantities of a yellow/brown rust layer through which the steel substrate may be observed. The rust or discoloration may be evenly distributed or present in patches,
36、but it is tightly adherent and not easily removed by light wiping with a cloth. 4.4.3 Moderate Flash Rust (M): A surface which, when viewed without magnifi cation, exhibits a layer of yellow/brown rust that obscures the original steel surface. The rust layer may be evenly distributed or present in p
37、atches, but it is reasonably well adherent and lightly marks a cloth that is lightly wiped over the surface.4.4.4 Heavy Flash Rust (H): A surface which, when viewed without magnifi cation, exhibits a layer of heavy red/brown rust that hides the initial surface condition completely. The rust may be e
38、venly distributed or present in patches, but the rust is loosely adherent, easily comes off, and leaves signifi cant marks on a cloth that is lightly wiped over the surface (see Sections A.1 and A.2).4.5 APPEARANCE: It is generally true that when the surface is still damp or wet, it appears darker a
39、nd defects and variations in shading are magnifi ed. As the surface is drying, streaks form which are not necessarily depicted in these small unit size photographs, but which may be clearly seen on larger areas. Whether or not streaks are acceptable should be ad-dressed between the contracting parti
40、es. This Guide does not contain illustrations of a streaking appearance. An example of streaking may be seen on C WJ-3 L and C WJ-2 M of SSPC-VIS 4/NACE VIS 7.5. Procedures 5.1 DETERMINE INITIAL CONDITION (CONDITION C OR D): Select the photograph of the Initial Condition that most closely resembles
41、the condition of the steel to be cleaned. 5.2 SELECT PHOTOGRAPH: Select the photograph that most closely resembles the degree of cleaning that has been specifi ed. For example, if the Initial Condition is D and wet commercial blast cleaning is specifi ed, use photograph D WAB 6 (see Section 2.1.4).5
42、.3 DEGREE OF CLEANING: Immediately after wet abra-sive blast cleaning, but before the surface has fl ash rusted, dry a representative area and compare the prepared surface with the photograph selected to evaluate the degree of cleaning (see Sections A.3, A.4, A.5 and A.6).5.4 DEGREE OF FLASH RUST: P
43、rior to painting, compare the fl ash rusted surface with the fl ash rust photographs. For example, if the Initial Condition is D, use D WAB-6 L, D WAB-6 M, or D WAB-6 H to evaluate the degree of fl ash rusting that has occurred (see Section 2.1.4).5.5 APPEARANCE IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO COAT-ING: Prior
44、to painting, compare the fl ash rusted surface with the fl ash rust photographs. If no fl ash rust is acceptable, the surface should conform to Paragraph 4.4.1 immediately prior to coating. The coating manufacturer may be contacted to verify that the coating material selected is suitable for applica
45、tion over the degree of fl ash rust that has occurred (see Sections A.1, A.2, and A.5).5.6 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS: The Reference Photographs shall be used only in conjunction with the written surface preparation specifi cations. The photographs are based upon appearance only, are for illustrative
46、 purposes, and do not address other factors necessary for compliance with the written specifi cation (see Sections A.3, A.4, and A.6). 5.6.1 The photographs illustrate some variations in color, texture, and general appearance that can result from wet abrasive blast cleaning on previously uncoated st
47、eel. Acceptable variations in appearance that do not affect sur-face cleanliness include variations caused by type of steel, original surface condition, thickness of the steel, weld metal, mill or fabrication marks, heat treating, heat affected zones, blast cleaning abrasives, and differences caused
48、 by the blast cleaning technique.5.6.2 Different abrasives produce different appearances. In addition, surfaces cleaned by wet abrasive blast cleaning typically appear darker and duller than surfaces cleaned with the same abrasive by dry abrasive blast cleaning. Photographs illustrative of some vari
49、ations in color, texture, and general appearance that can result from the choice of dry abrasives are provided in SSPC-VIS 1.Guide to SSPC-VIS 5/NACE VIS 9June 1, 2001Editorial Revisions November 1, 20042-54REFERENCES1. SSPC-TR 2/NACE 6G198 (latest revision), “Wet Abra-sive Blast Cleaning” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC and Houston, TX: NACE).2. SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 (latest revision), “Near-White Blast Cleaning” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC and Houston, TX: NACE).3. SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3 (latest revision), “Commer-cial Blast Cleaning” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC and Houston, TX: NACE).4. ISO 8501-1 (latest revisio
