1、3 O ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-158-1997 Approved: September 5, 1997 Reaffirmed: October 22, 2001 TIAIEIA STANDARD FOTP-158 Measurement of Breakaway Frictional Force in Fiber Optic Connector Alignment Sleeves TIAIEIA-455-158 NOVEMBER 1997 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION nie Tdecmmuniations Indurtry Mal
2、ion represents the communications sector of Eimetionk industries AUiance P NOTICE TIA/EIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of pr
3、oducts, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of TINEM from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such
4、Standards and Publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than TIA/EIA members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA/EIA in accordance with the
5、 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TWEN does not assume any liabiliy to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. /I This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated
6、with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-3 197-RF1, formulated under t
7、he cognizance of the TIA FO-6.3 Subcommittee on Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components.) This Document was reaffirmed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on October 22,2001 and by the TIA. Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 1997 Standards and Technology Depa
8、rtment 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of EIA ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ALLIANCE STANDARDS and ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-854-7179) International (303-397-7956) All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A
9、. c TINEIA-455-I 58 FOTP-158 Measurement of breakaway frictional force In fiber optic connector alignment sleeves Contents . Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10、. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . III 1 Introduction . . 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 Apparatus . 3 4 Sampling and specimens 5 5 Procedure . 5 6 Calculations or interpretation of results . 6 7 Documentation 6 8 Specification information . . ._ . . . . . 7 Annex A (informative) . 8 Annex B (infor
11、mative) . 9 Annex C (informative) . . . . . . . 1 O i WWW, TIA FO-6.3, 10-1 0-96 p TINEIA-455-I58 This page left blank ii WWW, TIA FO-6.3, 10-10-96 TINEIA-455-1 58 FOTP-158 Measurement of breakaway frictional force In fiber optic connector alignment sleeves Foreword (This Foreword is informative onl
12、y and is not part of this standard) This FOTP is from TIA Project No. 31 97, and was formulated under the cognizance of TIA FO-6.3, Subcommittee on Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices. This FOTP is part of the series of test procedures included within Recommended Standard EIA/TIA-455. There are thre
13、e annexes which are informative. Annex C, which had been inadvertently omitted in the publication of FOTP 158, has been included in this reaffirmation copy. Annex C had been included in the copy of FOTP 158 that was balloted and approved. Key words: fiber optic connectors, breakaway friction force,
14、ferrules, alignment sleeve, gage pins. iii WWW, TIA FO-6.3, 10-10-96 TINEIA-455-1 58 This page left blank iv WWW, TIA FO-6.3, 10-1 0-96 TlNEIA-455-I 58 FOTP 158 MEASUREMENT OF BREAKAWAY FRICTIONAL FORCE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR ALIGNMENT SLEEVES 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Intent The objective of this FOTP i
15、s to measure the breakaway frictional force between the ferrule and the sleeve in fiber optic connectors. 1.2 Background The contact force between the mating ferrules in an optical connector is the difference between the friction force between the ferrule and the sleeve, and the spring force of the
16、connector. To maintain contact the friction force must remain below the spring force. The procedures in this FOTP have been selected to estimate the maximum breakaway frictional force that will exist between the ferrule and the sleeve. The mechanics of friction result in significant variations in th
17、e measurement of breakaway friction. The criteria to be applied to the results of these measurements must account for the spread that is inherent in the mechanism being measured. See Annex B. 1.3 Description The specimen is a connector alignment sleeve. The measurement is made with two gage pins ins
18、erted so they meet at the center of the sleeve. Force is applied between one of the gage pins and the sleeve as shown in Figure 1. To account for possible asymmetry between the ends of the sleeve an equal number of measurements are made with the gage pin being removed from each end of the sleeve. WW
19、W, TIA FO-6.3, 10-10-96 1 TINElA-455-158 Figure l - Test Unit With Applied Force Gage Pin Assembly w I V F 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, may constitute provisions of this procedure. At the time of publication, the editions in
20、dicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this procedure are encouraged to apply the most recent editions of the referenced standards. EINTIA-455-A EIAlTIA-4750000-B EIAITIA-604 IEC 874-1, Third Edition JIS-C-5961-1990 “Standard Test Procedures for
21、 Fiber Optic Fibers, Cables, Transducers, Sensors, Connecting and Terminating Devices, and Other Fiber Optic Com po n en t s ” “Generic specifications for Fiber Optic Connectors” Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability Standards (FOCIS) “Connectors for Optical Fibers and Cables, Part 1 Generic Specif
22、ication” “Test Methods for Optical Fiber Cords” 2 WWW, TIA FO-6.3, 10-10-96 TINEIA-455-158 3 Apparatus 3.1 Force Generator Force is to be applied to the test unit with a mechanism that generates a continuously increasing force, and is equipped with a force gage to record the peak force that occurs a
23、t breakaway. See Annex A. 3.2 Gage Pins The gage pins may be solid pins or connector ferrules that meet the gage pin requirements. The gage pin assembly consists of the gage pin and a fixture for the application of load. The requirements for the gage pin are as follows: 1) Diameters of the gage pins
24、 are to be as specified in the Detail 2) The diameter of the two gage pins used in a given test are to be within 3) The lengths of the gage pins are to be sufficient to extend at least half 4) The following normative values are to be used where the parameters are Specification or FOCIS. + 0.1 pm of
25、each other or as specified. way into the sleeve under test. not defined in the specifying document: Material Zircon i a Surface Finish (Ra) 0.2 pm Out of Roundness 0.5 pm 3.3 Test Unit The test unit is a sleeve with two gage pins inserted so as to touch at the center of the sleeve. The interface bet
26、ween the two gage pins is to be located within a distance of 10% of the length of the sleeve from the center of the sleeve. 3.4 Test Setup Force is applied to the end of one of the gage pins and to the edge of the sleeve as shown in figure 2. The test fixturing must be such that only two forces are
27、applied to the moving gage pin: the force withdrawing the pin, and the frictional force between the gage pin and the sleeve. The force may be applied to the sleeve through a fixed stop as in figure 2a or through a floating housing as in figure 2b. A connector adapter may be used as a 3 WWW, TIA FO-6
28、.3, 10-10-96 .! TINEIA-455-158 floating housing. The nonmoving pin in a floating housing must be restrained so that it is not withdrawn during the test. Figure 2 - Application of Force F I F 2a Fixed Stop 2b Floating Housing The linkage through which force is applied to the gage pin assemblies must
29、not induce a bending load. Either swivel joints or flexible members are recommended at the points at which load is applied to the gage pin assemblies. Force must be applied within a distance E and within an angle a with respect to the centerline of the sleeve: 4 mm a K 4“ 4 WWW, TIA FO-6.3, 10-10-96
30、 TINEIA-455-158 4 Sampling and specimens 4.1 Specimen The specimen is a connector alignment sleeve. 4.2 Sampling Specimens shall be selected randomly from manufactured lots. The sampling schedule shall be specified in the Detail Specification. 5 Procedure 5.1 Preconditioning Unless otherwise specifi
31、ed by the detailed specification, prior to testing, gage pins are to be cleaned by wiping with laboratory wipes moistened with ethyl alcohol, and by blowing dry with dry, clean, oil and moisture free compressed gas. Cleaning action is to consist of thorough rubbing or scrubbing. Sleeves may be clean
32、ed with pipe cleaners with suitable bristles moistened with ethyl alcohol, and by blowing dry with dry, clean, oil and moisture free compressed gas. Following cleaning with alcohol, adapters and gage pins are preconditioned at 40 O C for 0.5 hr and then returned to room temperature for at least 0.5
33、hr. Care is to be exercised that the mating surfaces are not contaminated with oil or grease. Bare fingers can deposit a film of grease, and gloves should be used if it is necessary to touch the mating surfaces. During a test sequence it is not necessary to repeat the preconditioning procedure unles
34、s there is a possibility that the gage pins or sleeves have been contaminated with grease or other materials that would not be readily removed with a dry wipe. 5.2 Cleaning Following each measurement gage pins may be cleaned by wiping with dry laboratory wipes, and by blowing with dry, clean, oil an
35、d moisture free compressed gas. Adapters may be cleaned with pipe cleaners with suitable bristles, and blowing with dry, clean, oil and moisture free compressed gas. WWW, TIA FO-6.3, 10-10-96 5 TINEIA-455-158 5.3 Testing Force is to be applied at a continuously increasing rate. See Annex A. Unless o
36、therwise specified, three withdrawal force measurements are to be made from each end of the sleeve. 6 Calculations or interpretation of results The averages of the three measurements from each end of the sleeve are t be determined. Unless otherwise specified the larger of the two averages is to be u
37、sed to characterize the withdrawal force of the sleeve. Sampling plans and the analysis of the results are to be specified in the detail specification. See Appeqdix B for estimates of the repeatability and reproducibility of ferrule withdrawal force measurements. 7 DOCUMENTATION 7.1 Documentation th
38、at is kept as part of the test procedure shall include: 7.1.1 Title and date of measurement. 7.1.2 Specimen description 7.1.3 Description of apparatus 7.1.4 All measurements 7.1.5 Applicable observations 7.2 United States military applications require that the following information also be reported
39、for each test. For other (nonmilitary) applications, this information need not be reported but shall be available for review upon request: 7.2.1 Test Personnel. 7.2.2 Test equipment used and date of latest calibration. 6 WWW, TIA FO-6.3, 10-10-96 TINEIA-455-1 58 8 Specification information The Detai
40、l Specification or FOTP shall specify the following information: I. Definition of the specimen, Clause 4.1 J 2. Diameter of the gage pins. 3. Any deviations from the normative values or procedures in this document. 4. Sampling plan 5. Procedures for analysis of the data 6. Preconditioning procedure
41、if other than specified in 5.1. 7 WWW, TIA FO-6.3, 10-1 0-96 TINEIA-455-158 Annex A (Informative) Load in g Ve loci ty The rate at which force applied to the test unit is to be increased is limited by the response or the capture rate of the force gage. With a mechanically driven instrument the rate
42、at which force increases is a function of both the velocity of the crosshead and the stiffness of the linkage between the crosshead and the test unit. Loading rates of approximately 10 cm per minute are generally considered acceptable for mechanically driven instruments. The following equation may b
43、e used to evaluate peak error: where K - system stiffness force distance V - velocity of the crosshead 1 time R, - capture rate of the force gage -I time System stiffness is the ratio of the increase in force on the test unit divided by the change in position of the crosshead. If the system is very
44、stiff a compliant link may be added between the crosshead and the test unit to decrease stiffness. 8 WWW, TIA FO-6.3, 10-1 0-96 TINEIA-455-158 Annex B (Informative) Repeatability and Reproducibility Variation inherent in the measurement of breakaway friction results in a significant spread in the da
45、ta. Estimates of the repeatability and reproducibility of these measurements were obtained from a round robin conducted under the procedures of this document. The definition of repeatability and reproducibility as used in this document are: Repeatability - the standard deviation of measurements made
46、 under virtually identical conditions of a single sleeve in a single laboratory. Reproducibility - the overall standard deviation of the measurements of a single sleeve made in ali of the participating laboratories. Five laboratories participated in the round robin with five sleeves being measured i
47、n each laboratory. A single pair of gage pins were used throughout all of the measurements. There were 25 sets of data. A set of data is the measurements of a single sleeve in a single laboratory, and consists of 48 measurements made in the following sequence: Measure each sleeve 6 times with no cha
48、nge in the test setup. Repeat a. Repeat a and b with the sleeves reversed. Repeat a, b, and c with the pins reversed, top pin in lower position and lower pin on top. The estimates for repeatability and reproducibility in the following table are expressed as percentages of the overall average withdra
49、wal force for the entire set of measurements: Std. Dev. Description Repeatability 10 % The average of the standard deviations of all 25 sets of data. Each set consisting of the measurements of a single sleeve in a single laboratory. The average of the standard deviations of the five sleeves. The standard deviation of each sleeve is the standard deviation for that sleeve from the measurements from all five laboratories. Reproducibility 13 % These values are indicative of the variation inherent in the measurement of breakaway friction. WWW, TIA FO-6.3, 10-10-96 9
