1、 TIASTANDARDFOTP-193Polarization Crossstalk Method forPolarization-Maintaining OpticalFiber and ComponentsTIA-455-193May 1999TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIRepresenting the telecommunications industry inassociation with the Electronic Industries Alliance ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-193-1999Approved: May 12,
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21、 for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-193iTIA-455-193Polarization crosstalk method for polarization-maintaining optical fiberand componentsContents1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Sampling and specimens. . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Specification information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Annex A Source coherence len
25、gth criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Annex B Comparison between this standard and IEC or ITU Standards. . . . . . . . . . . .8Figure 1 Polarization-crosstalk measurement system schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Copyright Telecommunications Industry A
26、ssociation Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-193iiThis page left blankCopyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking per
27、mitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-193iii_Foreword_This Standard comes from TIA Project No. 3782 and was formulated under thecognizance of TIA joint working group FO-6.6.3/6.9.3. This FOTP is part of a series of test procedures included within RecommendedStandard EIA/TIA-455.This Standard d
28、escribes a new test method. There two annexes to this Standard: oneis normative and the other informative.Key words: polarization crosstalk, polarization-maintaining optical fiber, pmcomponent, pm fiber.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for R
29、esaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-193ivThis page left blank.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-1931FOTP-193P
30、olarization crosstalk test method for polarization-maintaining optical fiberand components_1 Introduction_1.1 IntentThis Standard specifies a method of measuring the polarization crosstalk of singlemode, highly linearly-birefringent (commonly called polarization-maintaining or PM)optical fiber and c
31、omponents. This Standard is applicable to fibers and componentshaving connectors attached to one or both ends, and to two or more such entitiesjoined in series. This Standard may also have application to other devices constructedfrom polarization-maintaining fibers and/or components. Hereafter both
32、PM fibers andPM components will be referred to as specimens.In the case of fiber, if the ends do not have connectors the crosstalk tends to beproportional to fiber length. In such cases the proportionality constant, commonlyreferred to as the “h-parameter,” is another measure of performance. The tes
33、t methodfor measuring the h-parameter is the subject of FOTP-192. In theory, if perfectly linearly polarized light is launched into a Specimen with its planeof polarization exactly aligned to either of the devices principal axes, then the lightradiated at the distal end will also be perfectly polari
34、zed. In practice, some light may becoupled to the not-launched polarization by the Specimen or by connectors attached toits ends, so that at the distal end a small, unintended, component is present. ThisStandard describes a test method for measuring this imperfection.1.2 DefinitionsFor the purposes
35、of this Standard, the following definitions apply.Birefringent material. A material in which orthogonal polarizations propagate atdifferent speeds. A linearly birefringent material is one in which the orthogonalpolarizations are linear. Materials may also be circularly or elliptically birefringent.P
36、rincipal optical axes. The axes for which the speed of light in a linearly birefringentmaterial is a maximum or a minimum.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455
37、-1932Polarizer/analyzer. Optical elements designed to transmit light of a single polarizationstate - most commonly, a linear state. When a polarizer is placed at the output of anoptical system, it is called an analyzer.Extinction. The ratio of the optical power passed in the transmitted polarization
38、 stateto the power passed in the orthogonal polarization state. The extinction of a polarizingelement is measured with unpolarized light incident. Polarization crosstalk. The ratio of the power that crosses over to the initiallyunexcited polarization state to the power that remains in the initially
39、excited state (bothpowers measured at the elements distal end). The polarization crosstalk of abirefringent element is measured with polarized light, aligned to be parallel to either ofthe elements principal axes, incident. Coherence length. The coherence length, lc, of an optical light source shall
40、 be definedby the following relation:lc = 2/ (1)where is the center wavelength of the light source; is the line-width of the light source at the -3 dB intensity level.Beat length. The length of fiber needed to create a 2pi phase difference betweenorthogonal polarization states. It can be expressed b
41、y the following relation:LB = /B (4)where is the center wavelength of the source;B is the birefringence of the fiber given as (ne no)ne is the extraordinary refractive index of the specimenno is the ordinary refractive index of the specimen.h-parameter. A length normalized form of polarization cross
42、talk. h has units of inversemeters and is given by the equationh = 1/L tanh-1(Pmin/Pmax) (2)where L is the fiber length; Pmax and Pmin are the portion of the emitted power withpolarization plane parallel and orthogonal, respectively, to the excited axis.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Associat
43、ion Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-1933The plane of polarization of the light launched into the fiber is parallel to either principaloptical axis, The function tanh-1() is the inverse hyperbolic tangent
44、. For Pmin/Pmax lessthan 0.1, a sufficient approximation to the above equation ish = (Pmin/Pmax)/L. (2)_2 Normative references_The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text,constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicatedwer
45、e valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based onthis Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recenteditions of the standards indicated below. ANSI and TIA maintain registers of currentlyvalid national standards published by them.A
46、NSI/TIA/EIA 440-A Fiber Optic TerminologyANSI/TIA/EIA 455-A Standard Test Procedure for Fiber Optic Fibers, Cables, Transducers, Sensors, Connecting and Terminating Devices, and Other Fiber Optic ComponentsANSI/TIA/EIA 4920000-A Generic Specification for Optical Waveguide FibersANSI/TIA/EIA 455-80B
47、Cut-off Wavelength Measurement ProcedureANSI/TIA/EIA 455-57 Optical Fiber End Preparation and ExaminationANSI/TIA/EIA 455-192 h-parameter Test Method for Polarization-maintainingOptical Fiber_3 Apparatus_3.1 Light sourceThe optical power and wavelength of the light source must be either stable over theduration of t
