1、 TIA STANDARD ANSI/TIA-455-78B-2002 Approved: November 19, 2002 FOTP-78 IEC 60793-1-40 Optical Fibres - Part 1-40: Measurement Methods and Test Procedures Attenuation TIA-455-78B NOVEMBER 2002 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Representing the telecommunications industry in association with th
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18、 CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABI
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20、TION5 1 Scope .7 2 Normative references7 3 Definitions 8 4 Calibration requirements .9 5 Reference test method 9 6 Apparatus .9 7 Sampling and specimens 9 7.1 Specimen length.9 7.2 Specimen end face .9 8 Procedure.9 9 Calculations9 9.1 Methods A and B 9 9.2 Method C .10 9.3 Method D .10 10 Results .
21、10 10.1 Information available with each measurement .10 10.2 Information available upon request .10 11 Specification information .10 Annex A (normative) Requirements specific to method A Cut-back .11 Annex B (normative) Requirements specific to method B Insertion loss.19 Annex C (normative) Requirem
22、ents specific to method C Backscattering 21 Annex D (normative) Requirements specific to method D 29 Figure A.1 Arrangement of equipment to make loss measurement at one specified wavelength 11 Figure A.2 Arrangement of equipment used to obtain loss spectrum 12 Figure A.3 General launch arrangement 1
23、3 Figure A.4 Limited phase space launch optics .16 Figure A.5 Lens system 17 Figure A.6 Launch fibre.17 Figure A.7 Mode scrambler (for A4 fibre).17 Figure B.1 Calibration of insertion loss measurement set.20 Figure B.2 Measurement of insertion loss20 Figure C.1 Block diagram of an OTDR.21 60793-1-40
24、 IEC:2001 TIA-455-78B 2Figure C.2 Schematic OTDR trace for a “uniform“ specimen preceded by a dead-zone fibre24 Figure C.3 Schematic OTDR trace for a “uniform“ specimen not preceded by a dead-zone fibre.24 Figure C.4 Schematic OTDR trace showing apparent loss due to point discontinuities, one reflec
25、tive and one non-reflective 26 Figure C.5 Schematic of an expanded OTDR trace showing two point discontinuities, one with apparent gain, and another with no apparent loss or gain27 Table A.1 Mandrel sizes examples .15 Table A.2 Launch conditions for A2 to A4 fibres 16 60793-1-40 IEC:2001 TIA-455-78B
26、 3INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ OPTICAL FIBRES Part 1-40: Measurement methods and test procedures Attenuation FOREWORD 1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC Nationa
27、l Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical c
28、ommittees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organiza
29、tion for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technica
30、l committee has representation from all interested National Committees. 3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees
31、in that sense. 4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or reg
32、ional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards. 6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements o
33、f this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60793-1-40 has been prepared by subcommittee 86A: Fibres and cables, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics. This st
34、andard, together with the other standards in the IEC 60793-1-4X series, replaces the second edition of IEC 60793-1-4, of which it constitutes a technical revision. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 86A/669/FDIS 86A/693/RVD Full information on the vo
35、ting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Annexes A, B, C and D form an integral part of this standard. IEC 60793-1-1 and IEC 60793-1-2 cover generic s
36、pecifications. 60793-1-40 IEC:2001 TIA-455-78B 4IEC 60793-1-4X consists of the following parts, under the general title: Optical fibres: Part 1-40: Measurement methods and test procedures Attenuation Part 1-41: Measurement methods and test procedures Bandwidth Part 1-42: Measurement methods and test
37、 procedures Chromatic dispersion Part 1-43: Measurement methods and test procedures Numerical aperture Part 1-44: Measurement methods and test procedures Cut-off wavelength Part 1-45: Measurement methods and test procedures Mode field diameter Part 1-46: Measurement methods and test procedures Monit
38、oring of changes in optical transmittance Part 1-47: Measurement methods and test procedures Macrobending loss Part 1-48: Measurement methods and test procedures Under consideration Part 1-49: Measurement methods and test procedures Under consideration The committee has decided that the contents of
39、this publication will remain unchanged until 2003. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 60793-1-40 IEC:2001 TIA-455-78B 5INTRODUCTION Publications in the IEC 60793-1 series concern measurement methods and test procedures as they app
40、ly to optical fibres. Within the same series several different areas are grouped, as follows: parts 1-10 to 1-19: General parts 1-20 to 1-29: Measurement methods and test procedures for dimensions parts 1-30 to 1-39: Measurement methods and test procedures for mechanical characteristics parts 1-40 t
41、o 1-49: Measurement methods and test procedures for transmission and optical characteristics parts 1-50 to 1-59: Measurement methods and test procedures for environmental charac-teristics. 60793-1-40 IEC:2001 TIA-455-78B 660793-1-40 IEC:2001 TIA-455-78B 7OPTICAL FIBRES Part 1-40: Measurement methods
42、 and test procedures Attenuation 1 Scope This part of IEC 60793 establishes uniform requirements for measuring the attenuation of optical fibre, thereby assisting in the inspection of fibres and cables for commercial purposes. Four methods are described for measuring attenuation, one of which being
43、that for modelling spectral attenuation: method A: cut-back; method B: insertion loss; method C: backscattering; method D: modelling spectral attenuation. Methods A to C apply to the measurement of attenuation for all categories of the following fibres: class A multimode fibres; class B single-mode
44、fibres. Method C, backscattering, also covers the location, losses and characterization of point discontinuities. To date, method D has been demonstrated only on class B fibres. Information common to all three measurements, and to the modelling method, appears in clauses 1 to 8, and information pert
45、aining to each individual method appears in annexes A, B, C, and D, respectively. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IEC 60793. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or rev
46、isions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of IEC 60793 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative
47、 document referred to applies. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 60793-1-22, Optical fibres Part 1-22: Measurement methods and test procedures Length IEC 60793-1-43, Optical fibres Part 1-43: Measurement methods and test procedures Numerical ap
48、erture 60793-1-40 IEC:2001 TIA-455-78B 83 Definitions For the purpose of this part of IEC 60793, the following definitions apply. NOTE Attenuation is a measure of the decreasing optical power in a fibre at a given wavelength. It depends on the nature and length of the fibre and is also affected by m
49、easurement conditions. Uncontrolled launching conditions normally excite higher order lossy modes that produce transient losses and result in attenuation that is not proportional to the length of the fibre. A controlled, steady-state launching condition yields attenuation that is proportional to the fibres length. Under steady-state conditions, an attenuation coefficient of a fibre can be determined and the attenuation of concatenated fibres added lin
