1、 TIA DOCUMENT Position Determination Service for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems TIA-801-A (Revision of TIA/EIA/IS-801) APRIL 2004 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION The Telecommunications Industry Association represents the communications sector of Copyright Telecommunications Industry Associ
2、ation Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facil
3、itating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. The existence of such Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of TIA from manufacturing or s
4、elling products not conforming to such Publications. Neither shall the existence of such Documents preclude their voluntary use by non-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. TIA DOCUMENTS TIA Documents contain information deemed to be of technical value to the industry, and are publish
5、ed at the request of the originating Committee without necessarily following the rigorous public review and resolution of comments which is a procedural part of the development of a American National Standard (ANS). Further details of the development process are available in the TIA Engineering Manu
6、al, located at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/sfg/engineering_manual.cfm TIA Documents shall be reviewed on a five year cycle by the formulating Committee and a decision made on whether to reaffirm, revise, withdraw, or proceed to develop an American National Standard on this subject. Suggestions
7、 for revision should be directed to: Standards that a certain course of action is preferred, but not necessarily required; or (in 5 negative form) that a certain possibility or course of action is discouraged, but not prohibited. “May” 6 and “may not” indicate a course of action permissible within t
8、he limits of this standard. “Can” and 7 “cannot” are used for statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical or causal. 8 2. This standard is applicable to systems defined in 189101112 and 14. 9 3. The terms “location” and “position” are used interchangeably throughout this doc
9、ument. In this 10 respect the definition of the term differs from the historic use of location in wireless systems to 11 identify the mobiles current serving system. 12 4. Those wishing to deploy systems in the United States should also take notice of the requirement to be 13 compliant with Federal
10、Communications Commission (FCC) Rulings on 911 Emergency Services. 14 5. “Base station” refers to the functions performed on the land side, which are typically distributed 15 among a Base Station Transceiver (BTS), a Base Station Controller (BSC), a Mobile Switching 16 Center (MSC), Mobile Positioni
11、ng Center (MPC), Position Determination Entity (PDE) and any Inter-17 Working Function (IWF) required for network connection. These elements are grouped together, 18 because there is no need to distinguish them in an air interface standard. See TSB-100 Wireless 19 Reference Model and Enhanced Wirele
12、ss 9-1-1 Phase 2. 20 6. Footnotes appear at various points in this specification to elaborate and to further clarify items 21 discussed in the body of the specification. 22 7. This document specifies message identifiers for more than one PDDM type. Wherever a message has 23 been re-used without enha
13、ncement or modification in a subsequent PDDM type, the original name 24 was used, but with an additional version tag in the form of “vn”, where n represents the nthversion of 25 the message. The message formats are identical for all versions of the same message; the version 26 numbers are used solel
14、y to distinguish the associated PDDM types. 27 8. Unless indicated otherwise, this document presents numbers in decimal form. Binary numbers are 28 distinguished in the text by the use of single quotation marks. 29 9. The following operators define mathematical operations: 30 indicates multiplicatio
15、n. 31 x indicates the smallest integer greater or equal to x: 1.1 = 2, 2.0 = 2. 32 x indicates the largest integer less than or equal to x: 1.1 = 1, 1.0 = 1. 33 | x | indicates the absolute value of x: | -17 |= 17, | 17 |=17. 34 indicates exclusive OR (modulo-2 addition). 35 min (x, y) indicates the
16、 minimum of x and y. 36 max (x, y) indicates the maximum of x and y. 37 x mod y indicates the remainder after dividing x by y: x mod y = x - (y x/y). 38 8. Wherever this document refers to CDMA System time in frames, it is taken to mean an integer value t such 39 that: t = s/0.02,where s represents
17、System Time in seconds. 40 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-801-A vi 9. In this document, all satellite related parameters that are derivable from, or related
18、 to GPS time, GPS code, 1 or GPS frequency (such as satellite code phase, code phase window, reference bit number, satellite 2 Doppler, and Doppler window) are expressed in terms of GPS L1 C/A units. When conveying information 3 corresponding to satellite frequencies and modulation formats other tha
19、n GPS L1 C/A, conversion to the 4 GPS L1 C/A equivalents is to be used for all applicable parameters, unless noted otherwise. 5 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-T
20、IA-801-A vii REFERENCES 1 The following standards contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this 2 standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, 3 and parties to agreements based on this stand
21、ard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the 4 most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI and TIA maintain registers of currently valid 5 national standards published by them. 6 7 1. TIA/EIA-95-B, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode
22、Spread Spectrum 8 Systems, March 1999. 9 2. ICD-GPS-200C, Navstar GPS Space Segment / Navigation User Interfaces, September 1997. 10 3. DMA TR 8350.2, Defense Mapping Agency Publication, September 30, 1987. 11 4. J-STD-036, Enhanced Wireless 9-1-1 Phase 2, June 2000. 12 5. TIA/EIA/IS-817 A Position
23、Determination Service Standard for Analog Systems, July 2000. 13 6. TIA/EIA/IS-2000.1-C, Introduction to cdma20001 Standards for Spread Spectrum System, May 2002. 14 7. TIA/EIA/IS-2000.2-C, Physical Layer Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems, May 2002 15 8. TIA/EIA/IS-2000.3-C, Medium Acces
24、s Control (MAC) Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum 16 Systems, May 2002. 17 9. TIA/EIA/IS-2000.4-C, Signaling Link Access Control (LAC) Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum 18 Systems, May 2002. 19 10. TIA/EIA/IS-2000.5-C, Upper Layer (Layer 3) Signaling Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum 20
25、Systems, May 2002. 21 11. TIA/EIA/IS-2000.6-C, Analog Signaling Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems, May 2002. 22 12. TIA/EIA/IS-856-1, cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification Addendum 1, January 23 2002. 24 13. TSB-58F, Administration of Parameter Value Assignments for
26、cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Standards, 25 January 2004. 26 14. TSB-100, Wireless Network Reference Model, July 1998. 27 1cdma2000is the trademark for the technical nomenclature for certain specifications and standards of the Organizational Partners (OPs) of 3GPP2. When applied to goods and services, th
27、e cdma2000mark certifies their compliance with cdma2000standards. Geographically (and as of the date of publication), cdma2000 is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA) in the United States. Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS un
28、der license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-801-A viii 1 2 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-801
29、-A 1-1 1 GENERAL 1 1.1 Definitions 2 2D Fix. A two-dimensional (latitude and longitude) position determination process. 3 3D Fix. A three-dimensional (latitude, longitude and height) position determination process. 4 Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT). A geolocation technique that utilizes t
30、he mobile stations 5 measured time of arrival of radio signals from the base stations (and, possibly, other terrestrial measurements). 6 AFLT. See Advanced Forward Link Trilateration. 7 Almanac. See GPS Almanac. 8 Alpha. See Alpha, Beta Parameters. 9 Alpha, Beta Parameters. Ionospheric parameters wh
31、ich allow the “L1 only” user to utilize the ionospheric 10 mode for computation of ionospheric delay are contained in page 18 of subframe 4 of GPS navigation data. 11 Angle of Axis for Position Uncertainty. Position uncertainty is represented as a 1- (one standard deviation) 12 ellipse. This angle i
32、s the angle of one of the ellipses axes with respect to True North. 13 Assistance Data. The assistance data provided by the base station to the mobile station for various purposes 14 (e.g., acquisition, location calculation or sensitivity improvement). 15 Authentication. A procedure used by a base s
33、tation to validate a mobile stations identity. 16 Autonomous Mobile Station. A mobile station that is capable of detecting a navigation signal without any 17 help from the base station. The mobile station may be capable of autonomously calculating its own position. 18 Autonomous Base Station. A base
34、 station capable of determining the location of the mobile station without 19 requiring any cooperation from the mobile station. 20 Azimuth. An angle that specifies a direction in the horizontal plane, expressed in degrees measured clockwise 21 from True North. 22 Bad Satellite. Bad satellite is one
35、 that is unusable for position calculation. See Satellite Health. 23 Base Station. The base station includes the transceiver equipment, Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobile 24 Positioning Center (MPC), Position Determination Entity (PDE) and any Inter-Working Function (IWF) 25 required for network
36、connection. 26 Base Station Almanac. The location and reference time correction for a collection of base stations in the 27 immediate neighborhood of the mobile station (the size of the immediate neighborhood is a service provider 28 option). 29 Beta. See Alpha, Beta Parameters. 30 C/A Code. Coarse/
37、Acquisition code used for spectral spreading of the GPS signal. 31 C/A Code Chip. The interval defined by the chipping (spreading) rate of the GPS C/A code. Stated as a time 32 interval, one chip equals approximately 977.5 ns; as a distance it is approximately 293.0 m. 33 C/N0. The ratio of carrier
38、signal power (C) to the power spectral density of background noise (N0).34 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-801-A 1-2 CDMA Code Boundary. The point in time wh
39、ere the system time modulo the PN code period is precisely 1 zero. 2 CDMA System Time. All base station digital transmissions are referenced to a common CDMA system-wide 3 time scale that uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) time scale, which is traceable to and synchronous with 4 Universal Coor
40、dinated Time (UTC). GPS and UTC differ by an integer number of seconds, specifically the 5 number of leap second corrections added to UTC since January 6, 1980. The start of CDMA System Time is 6 January 6, 1980 00:00:00 UTC, which coincides with the start of GPS time. (See 11214). Note that if the
41、7 CDMA baseband transmit signal is modeled as a complex impulse train passed through a symmetric non-causal 8 filter, then the precise zero instant of system time modulo the pilot PN sequence code period is given by the 9 midpoint between the impulse representing the last element of the pilot PN seq
42、uence and the subsequent 10 impulse representing the first element of the pilot PN sequence. The impulse train represents the pilot PN 11 sequence, where the impulses are separated by exactly one PN code chip. The symmetric non-causal filter 12 represents the baseband filter shape prior to the pre-e
43、qualization filter. 13 Clock Bias. The difference between the GPS System Time and the local time in the mobile station. 14 Clock Drift. The rate of change of the clock bias. 15 Code Phase. At a given time, the code phase is the fraction of the code period that has elapsed since the latest 16 code bo
44、undary (GPS or CDMA). 17 Code Phase Search Window. The expected range of possible code phase values. 18 DBM. Data Burst Message. 19 DGPS. Differential GPS. 20 Doppler nthOrder. The nthorder moment specifying a satellites observed Doppler. 21 Doppler Search Window. The expected range of possible Dopp
45、ler values. 22 ECEF. “Earth-Centered-Earth-Fixed”. A frame of reference for specifying positions that is centered in the 23 center of the Earth and rotates with it. 24 Elevation Angle. The angle between a (GPS) satellite and the horizon, expressed in degrees. 25 Ephemeris. The ephemeris data embedde
46、d in the GPS signal. The precise (high accuracy) orbital parameters 26 of one GPS satellite, as transmitted by that satellite in GPS subframes 1, 2, and 3. The ephemeris also includes 27 satellite clock correction. 28 Extended Base Station Almanac. The location and reference time correction for a co
47、llection of base stations 29 in the extended neighborhood of the mobile station (the size of the extended neighborhood is a service provider 30 option). 31 Fix. The process of performing position computation. 32 Frame. See GPS Navigation Message Frame. 33 Geolocation. The process of determining a ge
48、ographic location. 34 GPS. Global Positioning System. 35 GPS Almanac. The almanac data embedded in the GPS signal. The almanac data are a reduced-precision 36 subset of the clock and ephemeris parameters for all satellites, as transmitted by every satellite in GPS 37 subframes 4 and 5. 38 Copyright
49、Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-801-A 1-3 GPS Code Boundary. The point in time where the system time modulo the C/A code period is precisely zero. 1 GPS Navigation Message Frame. A GPS navigation message frame contains five subframes. Subframes 1 2 t
