1、 TIA DOCUMENT Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV) Service Option for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communication Systems - Addendum 1E TIA-893-1E (Supplement to TIA-893) July 2005 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION The Telecommunications Industry Association represents the communications sector of Copyrig
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21、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-893-1E i FOREWORD 1 These technical requirements form a standard for Service Option 56, a variable-rate 2 two-way speech service option. The maximum speech-coding rate of the service option is 3 8.55 kbps. 4 This standard does not address the
22、 quality or reliability of Service Option 56, nor does it 5 cover equipment performance or measurement procedures. 6 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-893-1E i
23、i NOTES 1 1. Accompanying “Recommended Minimum Performance Standard for the Selectable 2 Mode Vocoder, Service Option 56,” provides specifications and measurement methods. 3 2. “Base station” refers to the functions performed on the land-line side, which are 4 typically distributed among a cell, a s
24、ector of a cell, a mobile switching center, and a 5 personal communications switching center. 6 3. This document uses the following verbal forms: “Shall” and “shall not” identify 7 requirements to be followed strictly to conform to the standard and from which no 8 deviation is permitted. “Should” an
25、d “should not” indicate that one of several 9 possibilities is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding 10 others; that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required; or that 11 (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is di
26、scouraged but not 12 prohibited. “May” and “need not” indicate a course of action permissible within the 13 limits of the standard. “Can” and “cannot” are used for statements of possibility and 14 capability, whether material, physical, or causal. 15 4. Footnotes appear at various points in this spe
27、cification to elaborate and further clarify 16 items discussed in the body of the specification. 17 5. Unless indicated otherwise, this document presents numbers in decimal form. 18 Binary numbers are distinguished in the text by the use of single quotation marks. In 19 some tables, binary values ma
28、y appear without single quotation marks if table notation 20 clearly specifies that values are binary. The character x is used to represent a binary 21 bit of unspecified value. For example xxx00010 represents any 8-bit binary value such 22 that the least significant five bits equal 00010. 23 Hexade
29、cimal numbers (base 16) are distinguished in the text by use of the form 0xh h 24 where h h represents a string of hexadecimal digits. For example, 0x2fa1 represents a 25 number whose binary value is 10111110100001 and whose decimal value is 913. 26 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association
30、Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-893-1E iii NOTES 1 6. The following conventions apply to mathematical expressions in this standard: 2 x indicates the largest integer less than or equal to x: 1.1 = 1, 1.0 = 1
31、. 3 x indicates the smallest integer greater than or equal to x: 1.1 = 2, 2.0 = 2. 4 |x| indicates the absolute value of x: |-17|=17, |17|=17. 5 indicates exclusive OR. 6 min(x, y) indicates the minimum of x and y. 7 max(x, y) indicates the maximum of x and y. 8 In figures, indicates multiplication.
32、 In formulas within the text, multiplication is 9 implicit. For example, if h(n) and pL(n) are functions, then h(n) pL(n) = h(n) pL(n). 10 x mod y indicates the remainder after dividing x by y: x mod y = x - (y x/y). 11 round(x) is traditional rounding: round(x) = x + 0.5. 12 sign x()=1x 01xSMC . 10
33、4 7 5.3.15.2.1 Determining Parameters 105 8 5.3.15.2.2 Target Signal Determination for Current Local Delay Search . 106 9 5.3.15.2.3 Searching Range Determination for Local Delay. 107 10 5.3.15.2.4 Local Delay Search. 109 11 5.3.15.2.4.1 Modification of Target Signal . 109 12 5.3.15.2.4.2 Integer Lo
34、cal Delay Search . 109 13 5.3.15.2.4.3 Fractional Local Delay Determination 110 14 5.3.15.2.4.4 Warping Current Weighted Speech With Determined Delay . 110 15 5.3.15.2.5 Further Modification of Weighted Speech for Half_Rate_Max. 110 16 5.3.15.2.5.1 Generating a Backward Waveform Vector . 111 17 5.3.
35、15.2.5.2 Generating a Candidate Vector by Waveform Interpolation. 111 18 5.3.15.2.5.3 Making a Decision to Use Interpolated Modified Weighted 19 Speech 112 20 5.3.15.2.6 Final Determination of Current Local Delay and Accumulated Delay 113 21 5.3.15.2.7 Updating Modified Weighted Speech Buffer . 113
36、22 5.3.15.2.8 Pitch Pre-Enhancement and Periodicity Detection. 113 23 5.3.15.3 Detecting Stationary Voiced Speech and Calculating Open-Loop Pitch Gain 24 for each Fixed Subframe . 115 25 5.3.15.3.1 Detecting Stationary Voiced Speech and Calculating Open-Loop Pitch 26 Gains for Rate 1 115 27 5.3.15.3
37、.2 Detecting Stationary Voiced Speech and Calculating Open-Loop Pitch 28 Gains for Rate 1/2 . 116 29 5.3.16 Final Frame Class and Type Decisions, Rate Selection, and Pitch Lag 30 Refinement 118 31 5.3.16.1 Final Classification, Type and Rate Selection . 118 32 5.3.16.2 Pitch Lags Refinement . 119 33
38、 5.3.17 Adaptive-codebook Gain De-emphasis for Type-1 Frame (Rate 1 and Rate 1/2)34 120 35 5.3.18 Adaptive-codebook Gain Quantization for Type-1 Frame (Rate 1 and Rate 1/2)36 121 37 5.3.19 Generating Modified Speech from Modified Weighted Speech 122 38 5.3.20 LSFs Smoothing Parameter 123 39 5.3.21 L
39、SFs Smoothing. 125 40 5.3.22 LSFs Quantization 126 41 5.3.22.1 Calculation of LSFs Quantization Weights . 126 42 5.3.22.2 LSFs Mean Removal 127 43 5.3.22.3 LSFs Prediction . 127 44 5.3.22.4 Quantization of the LSFs Prediction Error 127 45 5.3.22.4.1 LSFs Quantization for Rate 1 . 129 46 5.3.22.4.2 L
40、SFs Quantization for Rate 1/2 129 47 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-893-1E ix 5.3.22.4.3 LSFs Quantization for Rate 1/4 129 1 5.3.22.4.4 LSFs Quantization f
41、or Rate 1/8 130 2 5.3.23 Interpolation of Quantized and Unquantized LSFs 131 3 5.3.23.1 Interpolation of Quantized LSFs for Rate 1 Type-0 Frames. 131 4 5.3.23.1.1 Calculating of Distance Weights 131 5 5.3.23.1.2 Determination of Best Interpolation Path . 131 6 5.3.23.2 Interpolation of Quantized LSF
42、s for Rate 1 Type-1 frames, Rate 1/4 frames, 7 and Rate 1/8 Frames 132 8 5.3.23.3 Interpolation of Quantized and Unquantized LSFs for Rate 1/2 Type-0 9 Frames 132 10 5.3.23.4 Interpolation of Quantized and Unquantized LSFs for Rate 1/2 Type-1 11 Frames 132 12 5.3.24 Recalculating of Weighting Filter
43、 Coefficients for Rate 1/2 . 134 13 5.3.25 Identifying Long-Term Spectral Characteristic . 135 14 5.4 Excitation Coding at Rate 1/8 137 15 5.4.1 Excitation and Unquantized Gain Determination 137 16 5.4.2 Gain quantization . 137 17 5.5 Excitation Coding at Rate 1/4 139 18 5.5.1 Computation and Quanti
44、zation of Gains 139 19 5.5.2 Random number generation . 140 20 5.5.3 Creation of sparse non-zero excitation . 141 21 5.5.4 Shaping the excitation 141 22 5.6 Excitation Coding at Rate 1 and Rate 1/2 143 23 5.6.1 Introduction to Excitation Coding for Rate 1 and Rate 1/2 143 24 5.6.2 Calculation of Imp
45、ulse Response of the Combined Synthesis and Weighting 25 Filter 146 26 5.6.3 Generating the Target Signal 147 27 5.6.4 Generating the Ideal Excitation 148 28 5.6.5 Adaptive-codebook Contribution for Type-1 Frames 149 29 5.6.5.1 The Adaptive-codebook Vector Contribution 149 30 5.6.5.2 The Filtered Ad
46、aptive Vector Contribution and Normalized Pitch Correlation31 150 32 5.6.6 Adaptive-codebook Contribution For Rate 1 Type-0 Frames 151 33 5.6.6.1 Normalized Cross Correlation Between the Target and the Filtered Excitation34 152 35 5.6.6.2 Fractional Pitch Search and Quantization 152 36 5.6.6.3 Adapt
47、ive-codebook Gain (Closed-Loop Pitch Gain) and Normalized 37 Correlation 152 38 5.6.7 Adaptive-codebook Contribution For Rate 1/2 Type-0 Frames. 154 39 5.6.7.1 Normalized Cross Correlation Between the Target and the Filtered Excitation40 154 41 5.6.7.2 Integer Pitch Search and Quantization. 155 42 5
48、.6.7.3 Adaptive-codebook Gain (Closed-Loop Pitch Gain) and Normalized 43 Correlation 155 44 5.6.8 Scaling of Adaptive-Codebook Gain . 156 45 5.6.9 Update of Target and Ideal Excitation . 156 46 5.6.10 Calculation of Fixed-codebook Smoothing Parameters. 157 47 5.6.11 Principles and Algorithms for Pul
49、se Codebook Search . 159 48 5.6.11.1 Analysis-by-Synthesis Approach for Fixed-Codebook Contribution 159 49 5.6.11.2 Principles of Iterative Search Procedure for Pulse Sub-Codebooks . 159 50 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-893-1E
