1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULNovember 30, 20101SUBJECT 647AOUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIONFORSYNTHETIC FUELS FOR LISTED KEROSENE-FIRED PORTABLE HEATERSAND KEROSENE-FIRED ROOM HEATERSISSUE NO: 3November 30, 2010Summary of TopicsThis
2、 is the third issue of the Outline of Investigation for Synthetic Fuelsfor Listed Kerosene-Fired Portable Heaters and Kerosene-Fired RoomHeaters, Subject 647A, which includes revisions to the requirements forsynthetic fuel containers.COPYRIGHT 2010 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERI
3、AL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULNOVEMBER 30, 2010SUBJECT 647A2No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTSINTRODUCTION1 Scope .42 Units of Measurement .43 Unda
4、ted References 44 Glossary .4CONSTRUCTION5 Assembly 5PERFORMANCE6 General 6MARKING7 General 7MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS8 General 8NOVEMBER 30, 2010 SUBJECT 647A 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULINTRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 Th
5、ese requirements cover synthetic fuels that are intended for use with Listed kerosene-fired portableheaters and kerosene-fired room heaters.1.2 The kerosene-fired portable heaters and kerosene-fired room heaters intended for operation firingsynthetic fuels shall comply in their entirety with the app
6、licable requirements in the Standard for UnventedKerosene-Fired Room Heaters and Portable Heaters, UL 647, in addition to the requirements in thisOutline.1.3 Synthetic fuels shall not be used in oil-fired appliances intended for operation with ASTM D396 gradefuel oils.2 Units of Measurement2.1 Value
7、s stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.3 Undated References3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall beinterpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or
8、standard.4 Glossary4.1 For the purpose of this Outline of Investigation, the following definitions apply.4.2 KEROSENE A hydrocarbon oil defined by the Standard Specification for Kerosene, ASTMD3699.4.3 SYNTHETIC FUEL Fuel produced as the result of a process consisting of refining crude oil incombina
9、tion with chemical reactions producing a specific liquid fuel meeting the requirements of No. 1-Kkerosene referenced in ASTM D3699.NOVEMBER 30, 2010SUBJECT 647A4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONSTRUCTION5 Assembly5.1 The synt
10、hetic fuel shall comply with the Standard Specification for Kerosene, ASTM D3699, inaccordance with the following:a) Flash Point As referenced in ASTM D3699, the flash point shall be determined inaccordance with ASTM Test Method D56. However, the flash point shall be at least 60Cinstead of the speci
11、fication given in ASTM D3699 which is 38C.b) Kinematic Viscosity As referenced in ASTM D3699, the kinematic viscosity shall bedetermined in accordance with ASTM Test Method D445. As specified in ASTM D3699, thekinematic viscosity at 40C shall be at least 1.0 mm3/second and not more than 1.9 mm3/seco
12、nd.c) Sulfur Content As referenced in ASTM D3699, the sulfur content shall be determined inaccordance with ASTM Test Method D1266. As specified in ASTM D3699, the sulfur contentshall be not more than 0.04 percent (400 ppm) on a mass basis.d) Mercaptan Sulfur Content As referenced in ASTM D3699, the
13、mercaptan sulfur contentshall be determined in accordance with ASTM Test Method D3227. As specified in ASTMD3699, the mercaptan sulfur content shall be not more than 0.003 percent (30 ppm) on a massbasis.e) Copper Strip Corrosion Rating As referenced in ASTM D3699, the copper strip corrosionrating s
14、hall be determined in accordance with ASTM Test Method D130. As specified in ASTMD3699 the copper strip corrosion rating after 3 hours at 100C shall be not more than a No. 3.f) Freezing Point As referenced in ASTM D3699, the freezing point shall be determined inaccordance with ASTM Test Method D2386
15、. As specified in ASTM D3699, the freezing pointshall be a maximum of -30C.g) Burning Quality As referenced in ASTM D3699, the burning quality shall be determined inaccordance with ASTM Test Method D187. As specified in ASTM D3699, the burning qualityshall have a rate of burning of 18 grams/hour to
16、26 grams/hour.h) Saybolt Color As referenced in ASTM D3699, the Saybolt color shall be determined inaccordance with ASTM Test Method D156. However, the Saybolt color shall be at least at +30instead of the specification given in ASTM D3699 which is +16 minimum.i) Initial Boiling Point The initial boi
17、ling point shall be determined in accordance with ASTMTest Method D86. The initial boiling point shall be at least 182C.j) Dry Point The dry point shall be determined in accordance with ASTM Test Method D86.The dry point shall be not more than 249C.k) Aniline Point The aniline point shall be determi
18、ned in accordance with ASTM Test MethodD611. The aniline point shall be at least 80C.l) Bromine Index The bromine index shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D2710.The bromine index shall be not more than 500 mg Bromine.NOVEMBER 30, 2010 SUBJECT 647A 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR
19、 FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULm) Sulfur (by mass) The sulfur by mass shall be determined in accordance with ASTM TestMethod D4045. The sulfur by mass shall be not more than 5 ppm.n) Pour Point The pour point shall be determined in accordance with ASTM Test MethodD595
20、0 or D97. The pour point shall be not more than -40C.5.2 The container for the synthetic fuel shall comply with the requirements of Standard Specification forPortable Kerosene and Diesel Containers for Consumer Use, ASTM F976, or equivalent requirements.5.3 The maximum capacity of the storage contai
21、ner for a synthetic fuel shall not exceed 5 U.S. gallons(19 Liters).PERFORMANCE6 General6.1 A kerosene-fired portable heater or kerosene-fired room heater shall be capable of operation incompliance with these requirements when firing only the synthetic fuel being evaluated. The use ofsynthetic fuels
22、 with Listed Kerosene-Fired Portable Heaters or Listed Kerosene-Fired Room Heaters mayprovide an average fuel consumption rate that is equal to or less than the marked rating on the heatersrating plate.6.2 Representative heaters shall be evaluated using a 100 percent concentration of the synthetic f
23、uel,and other anticipated blend ratios (i.e. a 50/50 mix) of the synthetic fuel and ASTM D3699 No. 1-Kkerosene.6.3 The operation of the kerosene-fired portable heater and kerosene-fired room heater provided with acirculating air fan shall be evaluated with the fan on and with the fan off.6.4 Fuel co
24、nfining gaskets and O-rings shall be evaluated with respect to the synthetic fuel per theGasket Test requirements of UL 647, Section 64. The evaluation shall at least consist of the following:a) Tensile Strength and Elongation Measurement Before and after immersion with 100percent synthetic fuel and
25、 a 50/50 mix of 1-K kerosene and synthetic fuel.b) Volume Change and Extraction Measurement After immersion with 100 percent syntheticfuel and a 50/50 mix of 1-K kerosene and synthetic fuel.c) Visual Examination Before and after immersion with 100 percent synthetic fuel and a 50/50mix of 1-K kerosen
26、e and synthetic fuel.NOVEMBER 30, 2010SUBJECT 647A6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULMARKING7 General7.1 The following elements are required for the marking on the synthetic fuel container. The markingsshall be clear and stated i
27、n terms understandable to the operator and adequate for proper maintenance,use, and operation with the heater.7.2 The required Cautionary markings for the storage container shall be resistant to contact from No. 1-Kkerosene or the synthetic fuel, as demonstrated by compliance with the Permanence of
28、Marking Tests,Section 67, of UL 647.7.3 Reference to only Listed Kerosene-Fired Portable Heaters and Room Heaters shall be made on thecontainer markings for the synthetic fuel. No reference to the use of the synthetic fuel with oil lamps,camping lanterns, and similar kerosene-burning appliances shal
29、l be made.7.4 The container shall be marked with the manufacturers or private labelers name and catalog or typedesignation.7.5 The container shall be marked with the phrase Keep Out Of Reach Of Children.7.6 The container shall be marked with the phrase CAUTION Directions for use: followed by thefoll
30、owing statements:a) Risk of fire. Do not add fuel when the heater is operating or when it is hot.b) Do not open container near flames, hot surfaces, or other source of ignition including staticelectricity.c) Always refuel your heater or its removable tank outside the living area. Allow your heater t
31、ocool for at least fifteen minutes before you move it, or remove its portable tank for refueling, orservicing.d) Do not smoke during refilling. Fill appliance carefully taking care to avoid spilling fuel. Wipeoff any excess or spilled fuel, and close container and fuel tank before igniting.e) Never
32、leave your heater operating unattended while you are away or when sleeping.f) Do not attempt to start or re-start charcoal, wood, or any other fire using this product firemay flash back and ignite contents of container.g) Always store this fuel away from other fuel containers.h) Always empty and pro
33、perly dispose of any fuel left in your heater at the end of the heatingseason. Fuel that is left in the heater at the end of the heating season may undergo somechanges, or may acquire trace amounts of moisture that may cause poor heater performance.Never use fuel that is even slightly colored, or ap
34、pears to be cloudy, or not completely clear.NOVEMBER 30, 2010 SUBJECT 647A 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL7.7 When a manufacturer produces synthetic fuel at more than one factory, each container for thesynthetic fuel shall ha
35、ve a distinctive marking by which it is able to be identified as the product of aparticular factory.MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS8 General8.1 To verify compliance with these requirements in production, the manufacturer shall provide regularproduction control, inspection, and tests.8.2 The facto
36、ry inspection and tests shall include at least those described in 8.3.8.3 The manufacturing and production tests on the synthetic fuel shall be in accordance with the tests inASTM D3699-96, Standard Specification for Kerosene. The following properties are to be tested on thesynthetic fuel and compar
37、ed against those originally determined for the synthetic fuel:a) Flash Point Per ASTM Test Method D56. The flash point, in C, shall be within 5 percentagainst that originally determined for the synthetic fuel.b) Kinematic Viscosity Per ASTM Test Method D445. The kinematic viscosity in mm3/s shallbe
38、within 5 percent against that originally determined for the synthetic fuel.c) Sulfur Content Per ASTM Test Method D1266. The sulfur content in percent on a massbasis or in ppm on a mass basis shall be not more than +2 percent against the nominal valueoriginally determined for the synthetic fuel.d) M
39、ercaptan Sulfur Content Per ASTM Test Method D3227. The mercaptan sulfur contentin percent on a mass basis or in ppm on a mass basis shall be not more than 5 percentagainst that originally determined for the synthetic fuel.e) Burning Quality Per ASTM Test Method D187. The burning quality in g/h shal
40、l be within 5percent against that originally determined for the synthetic fuel.f) Saybolt Color Per ASTM Test Method D156. The saybolt color value shall be within 5percent against that originally determined for the synthetic fuel.8.4 The following tests may be substituted to replace those specified
41、in 8.3:a) The kinematic viscosity per ASTM Test Method D445 see 8.3(b) may be replaced by thePour Point Test in ASTM D5950. The pour point, in C, shall be not more than 5C from thatoriginally determined for the synthetic fuel.b) The sulfur content per ASTM Test Method D1266 and the mercaptan sulfur
42、content perASTM Test Method D3227 see 8.3 (c) and (d) may be replaced by the Standard Test Methodfor Sulfur in Petroleum Products in Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric Calorimetry Test in ASTMD4045. The sulfur by volume in ppm determined in this test shall be not more than + 5 percentagainst that origin
43、ally determined for the synthetic fuel.NOVEMBER 30, 2010SUBJECT 647A8UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULc) The burning quality per ASTM Test Method D187 see 8.3(e) may be replaced by the Net(Low) Heat of Combustion Test per ASTM D
44、240 and the Gross (High) Heat of Combustion perTest per ASTM D240. The net (low) heat of combustion in Btu/gal and the gross (high) heat ofcombustion in Btu/gal that are determined by this test shall be within 5 percent against therespective values originally determined for the synthetic fuel.NOVEMBER 30, 2010 SUBJECT 647A 9UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULNOVEMBER 30, 2010SUBJECT 647A10No Text on This Page
