1、04-05M 31 23 23.33 - 1 SECTION 31 23 23.33 FLOWABLE FILL SPEC WRITER NOTE: Delete between / - / if not applicable to project. Also delete any other item or paragraph not applicable in the section and renumber the paragraphs. Use this section when the potential exists for soil backfill conditions whe
2、re it will not be possible to provide specified compaction of fill or backfill as a result of limited or restricted space or access conditions. PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 INTRODUCTION: A. Flowable fill refers to a cementitious slurry consisting of a mixture of fine aggregate or filler, water, and cementit
3、ious material(s), which is used as a fill or backfill in lieu of compacted earth. This mixture is capable of filling all voids in irregular excavations and hard to reach places (such as under undercuts of existing slabs), is self-leveling, and hardens in a matter of a few hours without the need for
4、compaction in layers. Flowable fill is sometimes referred to as controlled density fill (CDF), controlled low strength material (CLSM), lean concrete slurry, and unshrinkable fill. B. Flowable fill materials will be used as only as a structural fill replacement on VA projects. / Unless otherwise not
5、ed, flowable fill installed as a substitution for structural earth fill, shall not be designed to be removed by the use of hand tools. / The materials and mix design for the flowable fill should be designed / to produce a comparable compressive strength to the surrounding soil after hardening, makin
6、g excavation at a later time possible / to produce the compressive strength indicated for the placed location, as determined by the Resident Engineer /. SPEC WRITER NOTE: Modify following paragraph as required, for site conditions and potential for conditions that may require the use of flowable fil
7、l. 1.2 DESCRIPTION: Furnish and place flowable fill in a fluid condition, that sets within the required time and, after curing, obtains the desired strength properties as evidenced by the laboratory testing of the specific mix design, at locations shown on the plans or as directed by the Resident En
8、gineer, / verbally / in writing / verbally or in writing /. This Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-04-05M 31 23 23.33 - 2 section specifies flowable fill for use as structural fill to / remain excavatable using hand tools / remain easil
9、y excavatable using a backhoe as would be utilized for adjoining earth / remain permanently /. 1.3 RELATED WORK: A. Materials testing and inspection during construction: Section 01 45 29, TESTING LABORATORY SERVICES. B. Earthwork, excavation and backfill and compaction requirements: Section 31 20 00
10、, EARTH MOVING. 1.4 DEFINITIONS: A. Flowable fill - Ready-mix Controlled Low Strength Material used as an alternative to compacted soil, and is also known as controlled density fill, and several other names, some of which are trademark names of material suppliers. Flowable fill (Controlled Low Stren
11、gth Material) differs from portland cement concrete as it contains a low cementitious content to reduce strength development for possible future removal. Unless specifically approved otherwise, by the Resident Engineer, flowable fill shall be designed as a permanent material, not designed for future
12、 removal. Design strength for this permanent type flowable fill shall be a compressive strength of 2.1 MPa (300 psi) minimum at 28 days. Chemical admixtures may also be used in flowable fill to modify performance properties of strength, flow, set and permeability. B. Excavatable Flowable fill flowab
13、le fill designed with a compressive strength that will allow excavation as either machine tool excavatable at compressive strength of 1.5 MPa (200 psi) maximum at 1 year, or hand tool excavatable at compressive strength of 0.7 MPa (100 psi) maximum at 1 year. 1.5 SUBMITTALS: A. Submit in accordance
14、with Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND SAMPLES. B. Flowable fill Mix Design: Provide flowable fill mix design containing cement and water. At the contractors option, it may also contain fly ash, aggregate, or chemical admixtures in any proportions such that the final product meets t
15、he strength and flow consistency, and shrinkage requirements included in this specifications. 1. Test and Performance - Submit the following data: a. Flowable fill shall have a minimum strength of 2.1 MPa (300 psi) according to ASTM C 39 at 28 days after placement. b. Flowable fill shall have minima
16、l subsidence and bleed water shrinkage. Evaporation of bleed water shall not result in shrinkage of more than 10.4 mm per m (1/8 inch per ft.) of Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-04-05M 31 23 23.33 - 3 flowable fill depth (for mixes co
17、ntaining high fly ash content). Measurement of a Final Bleeding shall be as measured in Section 10 of ASTM C 940 “Standard Test Method for Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory. SPEC WRITER NOTE: Modify following paragraph as required, for
18、site conditions. Select lower unit weight for use where soils supporting Flowable fill has poor bearing value. Under normal conditions the unit weight will vary depending on the amount of sand and fly ash in the mix design. c. Flowable fill shall have a unit weight of / 1500 - 1900 kg/m3 (90 - 115 l
19、bs/feet 3) / 1900 2300 kg/m3 (115 145 lb/feet 3) / 320 1300 kg/m3 (20 80 lb/feet 3) / measured at the point of placement after a 60 minute ready-mix truck ride. C. Provide documentation that the admixture supplier has experience of at least one year, with the products being provided and any equipmen
20、t required to obtain desired performance of the product. D. Manufacturers Certificates: Provide Resident Engineer with / documentation issued by the State Agency responsible for approving materials for burial, indicating conformance with applicable rules and regulations. / a certification that the m
21、aterials incorporated in the flowable fill, following achievement of the required strength, do not represent a threat to groundwater quality. / 1.6 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS: A. Publications listed below form a part of this specification to extent referenced. Publications are referenced in text by bas
22、ic designation only. B. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): D4832-02. Standard Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders. C618-03 Standard Specifications for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for use as Mineral Ad
23、mixture in Concrete. (Use Fly Ash conforming to the chemical and physical requirements for mineral admixture, Class F listed, including Table 2 (except for Footnote A). Waive the loss on ignition requirement.) Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
24、IHS-,-,-04-05M 31 23 23.33 - 4 C403/C403M-05 Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance. C150-99 Rev.A-04. Standard Specification for Portland Cement C33-03. Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates C494/C494M-04 Standard Specification for Chemical
25、Admixtures for Concrete C940 RevA-98. Standard Specification for Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for Preplaced Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory C. American Concrete Institute (ACI): SP-150-94 Controlled Low-Strength Materials 1.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE: A. Manufacturer: Flowable fill s
26、hall be manufactured by a ready-mix concrete producer with a minimum of 1 year experience in the production of similar products. B. Materials: For each type of material required for the work of this Section, provide primary materials that are the products of one manufacturer. If not otherwise specif
27、ied here, materials shall comply with recommendations of ACI 229, “Controlled Low Strength Materials.” C. Pre-Approval Procedures: The use of flowable fill during any part of the project shall be restricted to those incidences where, due to field conditions, the Contractor has made the Resident Engi
28、neer aware of the conditions for which he recommends the use of the flowable, and the Resident Engineer has confirmed those conditions and approved the use of the flowable fill, in advance. During the submittal process, the contractor shall prepare and submit various flowable fill mix designs corres
29、ponding to required conditions or if the contractor desires to use flowable fill due to economics. Approval for the strength of the flowable fill shall be obtained from the Resident Engineer when the contractor desires, or is required, to use flowable fill at specific location(s) within the project.
30、 Prior to commencement of field operations the contractor shall establish procedures to maintain optimum working conditions and to coordinate this work with related and adjacent work. 1.8 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING: Deliver and handle all products and equipment required, in strict compliance wi
31、th manufacturers recommendations. Protect from damage due to weather, excessive temperatures, and construction operations. 1.9 PROJECT CONDITIONS: Perform installation of flowable fill only when approved by the Resident Engineer, and when existing and forecasted weather conditions are within Provide
32、d by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-04-05M 31 23 23.33 - 5 the limits established by the manufacturer of the materials and products used. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.1 MATERIALS: Provide flowable fill containing, at a minimum, cementitious materials and
33、 water. Cementitious materials shall be portland cement, pozzolanic materials, or other self-cementing materials, or combinations thereof, at the contractors option / . / ,and following approval by the Resident Engineer. / The flowable fill mix design may also contain, fine aggregate or filler, and/
34、or chemical admixtures in any proportions such that the final product meets the strength, flow consistency and shrinkage requirements included in this specification, as approved by the Resident Engineer. SPEC WRITER NOTE: Modify following material items as required. Whenever possible use the standar
35、ds already developed by the local State Department of Transportation (DOT) for use in cast-in-place concrete or if applicable (CLSM) or flowable fill. A. Portland Cement: ASTM C150, / Type 1 or Type 2. / Meeting _ (Insert state in which the project is being built) State DOT standards. / B. Mixing Wa
36、ter: / Fresh, clean, and potable. / Meeting _ (Insert State in which the project is being built) State DOT standards for use as mix-water for cast-in-place concrete. / C. Air-Entraining Admixture: ASTM C260. D. Chemical Admixtures: ASTM C494. E. Aggregate: ASTM C33. 2.2 FLOWABLE FILL MIXTURE: A. Mix
37、 design shall produce a consistency that will result in a flowable product at the time of placement which does not require manual means to move it into place. B. Flowable fill shall have a minimum strength of 2.1 MPa (300 psi) according to ASTM C39 at 28 days after placement. C. Flowable fill shall
38、have minimal subsidence and bleed water shrinkage. Evaporation of bleed water shall not result in shrinkage of more than 10.4 mm per m (1/8 inch per foot) of flowable fill depth (for mixes containing high fly ash content). Measurement of a Final Bleeding shall be as measured in Section 10 of ASTM C
39、940 “Standard Test Method for Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-04-05M 31 23 23.33 - 6 Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory. D. Flowable fill shall have a unit weight of / 150
40、0 - 1900 kg/m3(90 - 115 lbs/feet3) / 1900 2300 kg/m3 (115 145 lbs/feet3) / 320 1300 kg/m3 (20 80 lbs/feet3) / measured at the point of placement after a 60 minute ready-mix truck ride. In the absence of strength data the cementitious content shall be a maximum of 90 kg/m3 (150 lbs/cy). E. Flowable f
41、ill shall have an in-place yield of / at least 98% of design yield for permanent type / a maximum of 110% of design yield for removable types at 1 year /. F. Provide equipment as recommended by the Manufacturer and comply with manufacturers recommendations for the addition of additives, whether at t
42、he production plant or prior to placement at the site. PART 3 - EXECUTION 3.1 EXAMINATION: Examine conditions of substrates and other conditions under which work is to be performed and notify Resident Engineer, in writing, of circumstances detrimental to the proper completion of the work. Do not pro
43、ceed until unsatisfactory conditions are corrected. 3.2 APPLICATION OF FLOWABLE FILL: Secure tanks, pipes and other members to be encased in flowable fill. Insure that there are no exposed metallic pipes, conduits, or other items that will be in contact with the flowable fill after placement. If so,
44、 replace with non-metallic materials or apply manufacturers recommended coating to protect metallic objects before placing the flowable fill. Replacement or protection of metallic objects is subject to the approval of the Resident Engineer. 3.3 PROTECTION AND CURING: Protect exposed surfaces of flow
45、able fill from premature drying, wash by rain or running water, wind, mechanical injury, and excessively hot or cold temperature. Curing method shall be subject to approval by Resident Engineer. - - - E N D - - - Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
