1、04-10 32 05 23 - 1 SECTION 32 05 23 CEMENT AND CONCRETE FOR EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS SPEC WRITER NOTE: Delete or add information between /-/ and any other items applicable to project. Cover any item added to the text under Applicable Publications and Products and renumber the paragraphs. See Technical
2、Notes at end of section. PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 DESCRIPTION A. This section shall cover site work concrete constructed upon the prepared subgrade and in conformance with the lines, grades, thickness, and cross sections shown. Construction shall include the following: SPEC WRITER NOTE: Delete the items
3、 not required by the project or include any special items. See Technical Notes at end of this section. B. / Curb, / gutter, / and combination curb and gutter / wheel stop /. C. Pedestrian Pavement: / Walks / grade slabs / lawn mower strips / crossings / wheelchair curb ramps / terraces / steps /. D.
4、 Vehicular Pavement: / Service courts / driveways /. E. Equipment Pads: / Oxygen storage / transformers / propane tanks /. SPEC WRITER NOTE: If Section CONCRETE is not a portion of specification, cover items cross referenced thereto within this section, and delete all references to Section 03 30 00,
5、 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE throughout this section. 1.2 RELATED WORK A. Laboratory and Field Testing Requirements: Section 01 45 29, TESTING LABORATORY SERVICES. B. Subgrade Preparation: Section 31 20 00, EARTH MOVING. C. Concrete Materials, Quality, Mixing, Design and Other Requirements: Section 03 30
6、 00, CAST-IN-PLACE-CONCRETE. D. Metal Components of Steps (Nosing and Railing): Section 05 50 00, METAL FABRICATIONS. 1.3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Design all elements with the latest published version of applicable codes. 1.4 WEATHER LIMITATIONS Placement of concrete shall be as specified under Article 3
7、.8, COLD WEATHER and Article 3.7, HOT WEATHER of Section 03 30 00, CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-04-10 32 05 23 - 2 SPEC WRITER NOTE: If select subbase material is required due to unstable conditions or frost
8、 action, include the following. Also, edit all other applicable portions of this section. Spec Writer Note: if Section 03 30 00, CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE is not used, spec writer shall add the requirements for the Hot and Cold Weather. 1.5 SELECT SUBBASE MATERIAL JOB-MIX The Contractor shall retain an
9、d reimburse a testing laboratory to design a select subbase material mixture and submit a job-mix formula to the Resident Engineer, in writing, for approval. The formula shall include the source of materials, gradation, plasticity index, liquid limit, and laboratory compaction curves indicating maxi
10、mum density at optimum moisture. 1.6 SUBMITTALS A. In accordance with Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND SAMPLES, furnish the following: B. Manufacturers Certificates and Data certifying that the following materials conform to the requirements specified. 1. Expansion joint filler 2.
11、Hot poured sealing compound 3. Reinforcement 4. Curing materials C. Data and Test Reports: Select subbase material. 1. Job-mix formula. 2. Source, gradation, liquid limit, plasticity index, percentage of wear, and other tests as specified and in referenced publications. SPEC WRITER NOTE: Update appl
12、icable publications to current issue at time of project specification preparation. 1.7 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS A. The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referenced in the text by the basic designation only. Refer to the latest e
13、dition of all referenced Standards and codes. B. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO): M031MM031-07-UL Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement (ASTM A615/A615M-09) M055MM055-09-UL Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete (AST
14、M A185) Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-04-10 32 05 23 - 3 M147-65-UL . Materials for Aggregate and Soil-Aggregate Subbase, Base and Surface Courses (R 2004) M148-05-UL . Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete (ASTM C30
15、9) M171-05-UL . Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete (ASTM C171) M182-05-UL . Burlap Cloth Made from Jute or Kenaf and Cotton Mats M213-01-UL . Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Non-extruding and Resilient Bituminous Type) (ASTM D1751) M233-86-UL . Boi
16、led Linseed Oil Mixer for Treatment of Portland Cement Concrete T099-09-UL . Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5 kg. (5.5 lb) Rammer and a 305 mm (12 in.) Drop T180-09-UL . Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54 kg (10 lb.) Rammer and a 457 mm (18 in.) Drop C. American Society
17、for Testing and Materials (ASTM): C94/C94M-09 Ready-Mixed Concrete C143/C143M-09 Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete SPEC WRITER NOTE: Update materials to agree with requirements (type, grades, class, test method, tables, etc.) specified in the referenced APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.
18、1 GENERAL Concrete shall be Type C, air-entrained as specified in Section 03 30 00, CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE, with the following exceptions: TYPE MAXIMUM SLUMP* Curb use an inside edger to finish the corner at the bottom of the riser. 3. Give the risers and sidewall a final brush finish. The treads sh
19、all have a final finish with a stiff brush to provide a non-slip surface. 4. The texture of the completed steps shall present a neat and uniform appearance and shall not deviate from a straightedge test more than 5 mm (3/16 inch). 3.12 CONCRETE FINISHING FOR VEHICULAR PAVEMENT A. Accomplish longitud
20、inal floating with a longitudinal float not less than 3000 mm (10 feet) long and 150 mm (6 inches) wide, properly stiffened to prevent flexing and warping. Operate the float from foot bridges in a sawing motion parallel to the direction in which the pavement is being laid from one side of the paveme
21、nt to the other, and advancing not more than half the length of the float. B. After the longitudinal floating is completed, but while the concrete is still plastic, eliminate minor irregularities in the pavement surfaces by means of metal floats, 1500 mm (5 feet) in length, and straightedges, 3000 m
22、m (10 feet) in length. Make the final finish with the straightedges, which shall be used to float the entire pavement surface. C. Test the surface for trueness with a 3000 mm (10 foot) straightedge held in successive positions parallel and at right angles to the direction in which the pavement is be
23、ing laid and the entire area covered as necessary to detect variations. Advance the straightedge along the pavement in successive stages of not more than one half the length of the straightedge. Correct all irregularities and refinish the surface. D. The finished surface of the pavement shall not va
24、ry more than 6 mm (1/4 inch) in both longitudinal and transverse directions when tested with a 3000 mm (10 foot) straightedge. E. The thickness of the pavement shall not vary more than 6 mm (1/4 inch). F. When most of the water glaze or sheen has disappeared and before the concrete becomes nonplasti
25、c, give the surface of the pavement a broomed finish with an approved fiber broom not less than 450 mm (18 inches) wide. Pull the broom gently over the surface of the pavement from edge to edge. Brooming shall be transverse to the line of traffic and so executed that the corrugations thus produced w
26、ill be uniform in character and width, and not more than 3 mm (1/8 inch) in depth. Carefully finish the edge of the pavement along forms and at the joints Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-04-10 32 05 23 - 11 with an edging tool. The br
27、ooming shall eliminate the flat surface left by the surface face of the edger. G. The finish surfaces of new and existing abutting pavements shall coincide at their juncture. 3.13 CONCRETE FINISHING EQUIPMENT PADS A. After the surface has been struck off and screeded to the proper elevation, give it
28、 a smooth dense float finish, free from depressions or irregularities. B. Carefully finish all slab edges with an edger having a radius as shown in the Drawings. C. After removing the forms, rub the faces of the pad with a wood or concrete rubbing block and water until blemishes, form marks, and too
29、l marks have been removed. The finish surface of the pad shall not vary more than 3 mm (1/8 inch) when tested with a 3000 mm (10 foot) straightedge. D. Correct irregularities exceeding the above. SPEC WRITER NOTE: Delete portions of following which do not apply to project. Edit joint requirements fo
30、r pedestrian vehicular pavement, and curb and gutter. 3.14 JOINTS - GENERAL A. Place joints, where shown, conforming to the details as shown, and perpendicular to the finished grade of the concrete surface. B. Joints shall be straight and continuous from edge to edge of the pavement. 3.15 CONTRACTIO
31、N JOINTS A. Cut joints to depth as shown with a grooving tool or jointer of a radius as shown or by sawing with a blade producing the required width and depth. B. Construct joints in / curbs / and gutters / by inserting 3 mm (1/8 inch) steel plates conforming to the cross sections of the / curb / an
32、d gutter /. C. Plates shall remain in place until concrete has set sufficiently to hold its shape and shall then be removed. D. Finish edges of all joints with an edging tool having the radius as shown. E. Score pedestrian pavement with a standard grooving tool or jointer. 3.16 EXPANSION JOINTS A. U
33、se a preformed expansion joint filler material of the thickness as shown to form expansion joints. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-04-10 32 05 23 - 12 B. Material shall extend the full depth of concrete, cut and shaped to the cross se
34、ction as shown, except that top edges of joint filler shall be below the finished concrete surface where shown to allow for sealing. C. Anchor with approved devices to prevent displacing during placing and finishing operations. D. Round the edges of joints with an edging tool. E. Form expansion join
35、ts as follows: 1. Without dowels, about structures and features that project through, into, or against any site work concrete construction. 2. Using joint filler of the type, thickness, and width as shown. 3. Installed in such a manner as to form a complete, uniform separation between the structure
36、and the site work concrete item. 3.17 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS A. Locate / longitudinal / and transverse / construction joints between slabs of vehicular pavement as shown. B. Place transverse construction joints of the type shown, where indicated and whenever the placing of concrete is suspended for mor
37、e than 30 minutes. C. Use a butt-type joint with dowels in / curb and gutter / if the joint occurs at the location of a planned joint. D. Use keyed joints with tiebars if the joint occurs in the middle third of the normal / curb and / gutter joint interval. 3.18 FORM REMOVAL A. Forms shall remain in
38、 place at least 12 hours after the concrete has been placed. Remove forms without injuring the concrete. B. Do not use bars or heavy tools against the concrete in removing the forms. Promptly repair any concrete found defective after form removal. 3.20 CURING OF CONCRETE A. Cure concrete by one of t
39、he following methods appropriate to the weather conditions and local construction practices, against loss of moisture, and rapid temperature changes for at least seven days from the beginning of the curing operation. Protect unhardened concrete from rain and flowing water. All equipment needed for a
40、dequate curing and protection of the concrete shall be on hand and ready to install before actual concrete placement begins. Provide protection as necessary to prevent cracking of the pavement due to temperature changes during the curing period. If any selected method of curing does not afford the p
41、roper curing and protection against concrete cracking, remove and replace the damaged pavement and employ another method of curing as directed by the Resident Engineer. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-04-10 32 05 23 - 13 B. Burlap Mat
42、: Provide a minimum of two layers kept saturated with water for the curing period. Mats shall overlap each other at least 150 mm (6 inches). C. Impervious Sheeting: Use waterproof paper, polyethylene-coated burlap, or polyethylene sheeting. Polyethylene shall be at lease 0.1 mm (4 mils) in thickness
43、. Wet the entire exposed concrete surface with a fine spray of water and then cover with the sheeting material. Sheets shall overlap each other at least 300 mm (12 inches). Securely anchor sheeting. D. Liquid Membrane Curing: 1. Apply pigmented membrane-forming curing compound in two coats at right
44、angles to each other at a rate of 5 m2/L (200 square feet per gallon) for both coats. 2. Do not allow the concrete to dry before the application of the membrane. 3. Cure joints designated to be sealed by inserting moistened paper or fiber rope or covering with waterproof paper prior to application o
45、f the curing compound, in a manner to prevent the curing compound entering the joint. 4. Immediately re-spray any area covered with curing compound and damaged during the curing period. 3.21 CLEANING A. After completion of the curing period: 1. Remove the curing material (other than liquid membrane)
46、. 2. Sweep the concrete clean. 3. After removal of all foreign matter from the joints, seal joints as herein specified. 4. Clean the entire concrete of all debris and construction equipment as soon as curing and sealing of joints has been completed. 3.22 PROTECTION The contractor shall protect the c
47、oncrete against all damage prior to final acceptance by the Government. Remove concrete containing excessive cracking, fractures, spalling, or other defects and reconstruct the entire section between regularly scheduled joints, when directed by the Resident Engineer, and at no additional cost to the
48、 Government. Exclude traffic from vehicular pavement until the concrete is at least seven days old, or for a longer period of time if so directed by the Resident Engineer. 3.23 FINAL CLEAN-UP Remove all debris, rubbish and excess material from the Station. - - - E N D - - - Provided by IHSNot for Re
49、saleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-04-10 32 05 23 - 14 TECHNICAL NOTES A. These Technical Notes are intended as a guide in preparing this specification section and the detail drawings. Delete these notes before typing the Contract Specifications. Modify this specification section and appropriate details and finishes included on the drawings for si
