1、1专题十一 非谓语动词1. 掌握动词不定式、动名词、分词的基本用法；2. 准确完成动词不定式、动名词、分词的相关练习。考情分析非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式，在句子中相当于名词、形容词或副词。非谓语在句中不受主语人称和数的限制。不定式、动名词、分词都是非谓语动词。近年来中考关于非谓语动词的考查重点有：动名词作主语和宾语；分词作定语；动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语；不定式符号 to 的省略以及及物动词后接动词不定式和接动名词的意义差异等。自我测试1. Why dont we encourage our children _ off the video game
2、s and pick up a book?A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. to turning2. Andy made a big bamboo box the little sick bird until it could fly again.A. keep B. kept C. keeps D. to keep3. The heavy rain made the headmaster_ the school sports meeting.教 学目标非谓语动词专题2A. to cancel B. cancel C. canceling D. canceled
3、4. Rio de Janeiro still has a lot of things _ to prepare for the 2016 Olympics. A. do B. did C. to do D. does5. Its important English well. A. of you to learn B. of you learn C. for you to learn D. for you learning6. Its kind _ you _ so much for us.A. of, to think B. for, to think C. of, thinking7.
4、It takes me half an hour _ the piano every day. A. play B. playing C. to play8. I prefer _ outside for a trip rather than _at home this May Day holiday.A. to go, staying B. going, to stay C. to go, stay D. going, staying9. We have two rooms _, but I cant decide _. A. to live; to choose which one B.
5、to live; choose which oneC. to live in; which one to choose D. to live in; choose which one10. He is often seen others in need.A. help B. to help C. helps D. helping11. The mothers advice fell _deaf ears again. Its no use _ to her.A. on; talking B. with; to talk C. to; talk12. Dad, why must I stop _
6、 computer games?For your health, my boy.A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing13. Thomas story about _ a bear attack was really exciting.A. survive B. surviving C. to survive D. to surviving14. Mary is a little poor at English . I think she needs _ it every day. 3A. practice to speak B. to prac
7、tice speaking C. practice speaking15. The students and their teacher _ eagerly looking forward to _Spring Festival. A. is; come B. are; coming C. are; the coming16. Ling Feng makes the baby .A. stops crying B. stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop crying17. Recently I have read some books by Verne,
8、a famous science fiction writer.A. were written B. written C. wrote D. write18. I think the short stories _ by Dickens are very popular _ the children.A. are written; for B. are written; amongC. written; among D. written; between参考答案：15 CDBCC 610 ACCCB 1115 ADBBB 1618 DBC教学建议：1. 如果学生自我测试中的 1-10 小题有错
9、误，建议先带领学生回顾考点 1 关于动词不定式的考点复习部分，并完成基础演练中写出单词正确复数形式和短语翻译的练习。2. 如果学生自我测试中的 11-16 小题有错误，建议先带领学生回顾考点 2 关于动名词的复习部分。3. 如果学生自我测试中的 17-18 小题有错误，建议先带领学生回顾考点 3 关于分词的复习部分。4.通过自我测试部分的测验，可以简单了解学生对于非谓语动词的整体掌握情况，根据自己所带学生的学习程度，非谓语动词考点的复习可以有所删减或选择性的讲解。知识梳理4肯定：to do形式否定：not to do动词不定式句法功能 主、宾、表、宾补、定、状等形式 doing动名词句法功能
10、主、宾、表、定等形式 doing现在分词句法功能 定、表、状、宾等形式 done非谓语动词分词过去分词句法功能 定、表、宾补等考点归纳：1. 不定式的句型：its +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.；2. 一些动词后跟不定式与动名词的区别；3. 不定式的肯定和否定形式；4. 使役动词后接不带 to 的不定式的用法；5. 动名词作主语、宾语、定语的用法；6. have sb. do sth 和 have sth done 的区别：考点归纳【考点 1】动词不定式1. 动词不定式的形式肯定式 to do Tell the children to eat healthy food.
11、否定式 not to do Tell the children not to eat unhealthy food.5【注】动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能用作谓语，其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变化。动词不定式可以有自己的宾语和逻辑主语等。I want to buy a computer.Its important for us to learn English.2. 动词不定式的句法功能成分 用法 例句1) 位于句首，谓语动词用第三人称单数 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.主语2) 常用 it 作形式主语，把不定式放
12、在后面常见句型: Its+ adj. + of/for + sb. + to do sth.形容词是描述人的性格和品质方面时，用of;形容词用于描述不定式动作时，用 forIt is a / ones + n. (task / duty / job) + to do sth.It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.Its extremely kind of you to come and meet me.Its dangerous for you to drive so fast.Its my duty to save patient
13、s表语 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语Her job is to clean the hall.=To clean the hall is her job.1) 作某些动词的宾语，如 want, refuse, forget, afford, try, choose, agree, help, hope, decide 等Tom cant afford to buy a car at present.宾语2) 在 find, think 后作宾语时，常用 it 代替，作宾语的动词不定式后移I find it easy to read English every day.1) tell
14、, ask, allow, would like, encourage, advise, remind 等后跟动词不定式作宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.宾补2) 一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略 to。这些动词有：一感(feel),二听(hear, listen),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice),但被动要还原 toI saw him cross the road.My friend were made to work
15、the whole night by the boss.定语 1) 不定式作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面 On the farm everyone has lots of work to 6do2) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的词是动宾关系，如果动词为不及物动词，后面须加上相应的介词There is nothing to worry about.I want a pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in.3) 不定式修饰不定代词 something, anything 等时，放在它们的后面，如果不定代词也被形容词修饰，词序是“不定
16、代词+形容词+不定式”I had something cold to drink.表目的 He worked day and night to earn money.表结果 The policemen searched the house only to find nothing.状语表原因 They were very sad to hear the news.独立成分 这种不定式独立与句子之外，表示说话者的态度、语气等,如 to be honest, to begin with 等To tell you the truth, we dont want to include you.例题 1
17、：My parents often tell me too much junk food because its bad for my health. A. not eating B. not to eat C. eating D. to eat例题 2：He hurried back home _ his schoolbag. A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches例题 3：Jacks teacher asked him _ off the lights after class. A. turning B. turned C. to tur
18、n例题 4： Why do we eat vegetables every day, Mum? _ healthy, my dear.A. To keep B. Keep C. Keeping D. Kept例题 5：When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place_.A. to live B. living in C. to live in例题 6：Even Tonys granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him _ smoking.A. give
19、up B. gave up C. to give up D. giving up例题 7： It is important _ people _ good manners.7A. for; to learn B. of; to learn C. for; learn D. of; learn例题 8：Let me help you carry the box, Granny.Thank you, Li Lei. Its very nice _ you _ me.A. of; to help B. for; to help C. of; helping D. for; helping例题 9：I
20、ts our duty _ our city clean and beautiful.Yes. We should do something for it.A. to keep B. keep C. keeping例题 10： At times, parents find it difficult _ with their teenage children. A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk参考答案：BBCAC CAAAD3. 动词不定式的常见搭配1) 疑问词+不定式 可以作主、宾、表等，相当于名词性从句，因此常用这个结构把复合句改为简单句Wher
21、e to go is still a question.The problem is where to find him.I dont know what to do next.= I dont know what I should do next.2) too +adj.+ to do 太而不能 He is too young to go to school.3) adj./ adv. +enough to do足够做 He is not enough to go to school.例题 1：Shes not strong enough _ walking up mountains. A.
22、 to go B. going C. go D. went例题 2： I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? I havent decided where _. A. go B. went C. going D. to go参考答案：AD4. 动词不定式符号 to 的省略1) 在“一感(feel),二听(hear, listen),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice), 半帮助(help)”后作宾补的动词不定式可以省略 to，I saw him go
23、 into the room just now.= He was seen to go into the room just now.The boss made my friend work the whole night.8但在被动语态中，必须带 to。 =My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss.2) would rather(not) do than do ; had better(not) doWe had better take some warm clothes.3) why not do; cant but d
24、o Why not have a rest? I cant but walk to school.4) 当两个或多个动词不定式并列时，第一个动词不定式加 to，后面的动词不定式省略 toI want to visit him and ask for some help.例题 1：You look too tired. Why not _a rest?A. stop to have B. to stop having C. stop having例题 2： Lets play football on the playground. Its too hot outside. I would rat
25、her _ at home than _ out.A. to stay; go B. staying; going C. stay; to goD. stay; go例题 3： What a heavy rain! So it is. I prefer_ rather than_ on such a rainy day.A. to go out; stay at home B. to stay at home; go outC. going out; stay at home D. staying at home ; go out例题 4：The boy is often heard_ in
26、the music room. He sings very well.A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing例题 5： What happens when you hear a strange noise at night, or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom? It often makes us _.A. jump B. to jump C. jumping D. jumped例题 6： If you see the cartoon fil
27、m, you will _ laugh.A. be made B. be made to C. made to D. make参考答案：ADBBA B【考点 2】动名词 1. 动名词的形式9肯定式 doing Sleeping is good for our health.否定式 not doing Im sorry for not having informed you of the meeting.2. 动名词的句法功能成分 用法 例句1) 动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数 Reading aloud is very helpful.主语2) 有时可用 it 作形式主语，动名词后移 Its u
28、seless arguing with him.表语 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语 His job is teaching English.=Teaching English is his job.1)作介词或由介词构成的动词短语的宾语，如 be interested in; be used to; feel like; think of 等We are thinking of making a new plan.宾语2)作某些动词的宾语，如 enjoy, practice, finish, mind, miss, suggest, imagine, consider 等They h
29、avent finished building the dam.定语 表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于修饰语之前swimming pool 游泳池; reading room 阅览室; walking stick 手杖, , working people 劳动人民等【注】有些动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语是有差别的：forget to do sth.忘记要做某事，forget doing sth.忘记做过某事;mean to do sth.打算做某事，mean doing sth.意味着做某事;regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事，regret doing sth.后悔做过
30、某事;stop to do sth.停下来做另外一件事，stop doing sth.停止做某事;try to do sth.尽力做某事，try doing sth.试着做某事;need to do 需要做某事(主语为人)，need doing=need to be done 需要被做(主语为物)。例题 1：I hope everyone can care about _ the environment and stop _ things. A. protecting; wasting B. protecting; to waste C. protect; wastingD. protect;
31、 to waste例题 2：Why not _ your teacher for help when you cant finish _ the story by yourself. A. to ask; write B. to ask; writing C. ask; writing10D. asking; to write例题 3：Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs_ so that it can be reused. A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collectD. collecting例题 4： _
32、honest is the first thing people should learn. A. Being B. Look C. Be D. Become例题 5： Dad, why must I stop _ computer games? For your health, my boy.A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing例题 6： I didnt hear you come in just now. Thats good. We tried _ any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not make
33、 B. not to make C. to make D. making例题 7：Our English teacher often says to us, “ _ English well is very important”. A. Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To learning参考答案：ACDAD BB 3. 动名词的常见搭配1) there be+名词+doing 某处有某人或某物在做某事 There were some people rowing on the river.2) prefer doing to doing 喜欢胜过 I pref
34、er staying at home to going out.3) No doing 禁止/不准做某事 No parking. 禁止停车。4) would/ Do you mind doing你介意做某事吗 Would you mind opening the window?5) How/What about doing 做某事怎么样 What about having a picnic this Sunday?6) sb. spend some time/ money (in) doing sth.某人花费一些时间/金钱做某事The boy spent twenty yuan buying
35、 a T-shirt.7) 常见能接动名词的短语 be used to; look forward He was busy working when I came in.11to; cant help; stopfro; be busy 等例题 1：He used to _ in a small village, but now he has been used to_ in a big city. A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living例题 2：Would you mind _ the door? Its quite windy out
36、side. A. close B. closing C. to close例题 3： I feel stressed from time to time. Could you give me some advice? _ sharing your worries with your parents? A. Why dont you B. How about C. Why not D. Would you like例题 4： Would you like_ camping with me? Id like to. But Im busy _ my homework. A. to go; to d
37、o B. to go; doing C. going; to do D. going; doing例题 5： Im looking forward to _ my parents soon. What about you? Me too.A. seeing B. see C. saw例题 6：The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand_ to the rich land in the south of China. A. move B. to move C. from moving参考答案：ABBBA C【考点 3】分词1. 概念分词常常扮演
38、形容词的角色，也有动词的性质。分词可以分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，过去分词通常由“动词原形+ed”构成 (也有不规则变化)。现在分词与过去分词对比时间上 语态上现在分词 表示动作正在进行 a developing country (发展中国家)表示主动 the ruling class (统治阶级)12过去分词 表示动作已完成 a developed country(发达国家) 表示被动 the ruled class (被统治阶级)2. 现在分词用法用法 例句1) 帮助构成现在进行时和过去进行时 He is reading an interesting boo
39、k now.2) 作定语：分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前;分词短语作定语时，则放在所修饰的名词后China is a developing country.The woman standing behind the counter is my mother.3) 作表语：表示主语的性质、特征或者状态【注】动名词与现在分词作表语的区别：现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征;动名词作表语主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释The play was interesting.My job is teaching. (句中的 teaching 为动名词，是对主语内容的进一步说明) 我的工作是教书。My
40、 job is interesting. (句中的 interesting 为形容词化的现在分词，表示主语的特征) 我的工作很有趣。4) 作宾补：常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语，表动作正在进行或动作的持续【注】现在分词作宾补和动词不定式作宾补的区别：现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行;不定式作宾补表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作Can you hear her singing a song in the next room?I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了
41、。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)5) 作状语：分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致。He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.例题 1：Seeing their teacher _ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once.A. walk; telling B. entering; to speak C. enter; to tellD. walking; talking例题 2： “Whos the
42、 boy in white T-shirt _under the tree?” “My friend.”A. stand B. to stand C. stood D. standing例题 3：When I walked past the park, I saw some old people _ Chinese Taiji. 13A. do B. did C. doing D. are doing例题 4：I found a letter _ on the floor when I came into the classroom. A. lying B. lay C. lie D. lie
43、s例题 5：He lost his key. It made him _in the cold to wait for his wifes return.A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay参考答案：DDCAD3. 过去分词的用法1) 帮助构成现在完成时和过去完成时 I have already finished my homework.2) 帮助构成被动语态 Now we are not allowed to touch it.3) 作定语：(相当于一个被动语态的定语从句)过去分词是单个单词时，一般用于名词前;过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面Our cla
44、ss went on an organized trip last Monday.Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.= Those who are elected as committee members will attend the meeting.4) 作表语：常具有形容词的特征，表示主语的特征、状态或感情等I was surprised at hearing him say so.5) 作宾补：常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语，表示被动、完成I heard the song sung several
45、times last week.I have had my hair cut for two days.6) 作状语：分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致Seen from the tower, the city looks very beautiful.Given more time, Ill be able to do it better.【注】有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成，如： boiled water(开水), fallen leaves(落叶), newly arrived goods(新到的货), the risen sun(升起的
46、太阳)例题 1：He often drinks two cups of _water when he comes back.A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. boils例题 2：He wants to have his TV _. A. repairing B. repaired C. to repair参考答案：CB14基础演练单项选择1. Its bad for your eyes computer games too much.A. plays B. to play C. play D. to playing2. What did Mr. Zhang say
47、 just now? He told us any further. There is danger ahead.A. dont go B. not go C. to go D. not to go3. My pen pal- Andrew found it difficult Chinese well.A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. learned4. How do you know that Jenny likes singing? I often hear her after class. A. to sing B. sang C. sing D. sings5. Lisa was driving along a new street and she didnt know her car.A. where park B. where to park C. when parked D. how parking6. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ive no idea, but Ive decided at home and have a good rest first.A. to stay B. stay
