七年级生物下册4.9.2血液循环《观察哺乳动物的心脏》实验设计素材(新版)北师大版.doc

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1、1观察哺乳动物的心脏一、实验说明:本实验是苏科版第 14 章维持生物体内的平衡中的第 1 节人体内物质的运输的内容,了解心脏的构造,对人体的血液循环、血压的形成等内容的理解有很大的帮助。它是循环系统中的一个重要的知识点。猪心和人心的结构差不多,就是在医学上,也是用猪心代替人心做实验的。本实验的要求是利用猪心了解心脏的内部结构及相连通的血管。二、教学目标知识目标:了解哺乳动物心脏的内部结构及外部血管类型。能力目标:学会使用解剖器具如解剖刀、剪刀等。情感态度价值观:体验仔细、认真、合作的学习态度。三、实验要点:(一)外形观察:心尖:心耳,有左右两只,是心房的一部分:辨左右:用手捏心室的壁,厚为左,

2、薄为右。从而可以得知心房、心室的左右与心脏相连的大血管观察:右心房上、下腔静脉:左心房肺静脉:与心脏相连的大血管观察:右心室肺动脉左心室主动脉2与心脏相连的大血管观察:比较动脉壁与静脉壁的厚薄:上图是静脉壁,下图是动脉壁 实验要点(内部结构观察):右心房:首先,明显看到右心耳,找到上、下腔静脉。然后,沿上、下腔静脉入口剪开,再由切口剪向右心耳,可见平滑的房间隔与粗糙的心房前壁。右心室:观察三尖瓣,肺动脉瓣。右心室(第二种解剖方法):如图,沿肺动脉开始,剪向右心室底部。掰开切口,可以看到房室瓣即三尖瓣。左心室(第一种):在室间沟左侧离室间沟和房室沟各约 1 厘米处,往下与室间沟平行,往左与房室沟平行,剖开左心室。左心室:观察二尖瓣,主动脉瓣。创 新 点通过两种方式解剖心脏,了解其结构用玻璃棒及镊子的配合使用,理清动、静脉的区别实验教学与重要概念学习有机结合3

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