九年级物理全册第十二章第二节熔化与凝固(第2课时凝固及其应用)教案(新版)沪科版.doc

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1、1第 2 课时 凝固及其应用 【教学目标】1.了解凝固的含义,了解晶体和非晶体的区别,知道物质的固态和液态之间是可以转化的。2.通过探究固体凝固时温度变化规律,感知发生状态变化的条件。 3.了解熔化曲线和凝固曲线的物理含义,通过探究活动,使学生进一步感知用图像法研究物理量变化的优点。4.通过对比,了解有没有固定的熔化温度是区别晶体和非晶体的一种方法。5.通过探究活动激发学生对自然现象的关心和乐于探索自然现象奥秘的情感。【教学重点】探究晶体、非晶体的凝固过程【教学难点】指导学生通过对实验的观察、分析、概括,总结出固体凝固时温度的变化规律,并能用图像表示出来。【教学器材】铁架台 烧杯 温度计 酒精

2、灯 铁圈及石棉网 冰 烛蜡 秒表【教学过程】(一)晶体和非晶体凝固时的特点活动三发现并提出新问题凝固是熔化的逆过程,那么水和烛蜡在凝固时又有什么特点呢?教师指导学生与熔化过程类比,思考讨论作图推理出(1)晶体和非晶体凝固时的特点。(2)晶体和非晶体凝固时的相同点与不同点。(3)晶体凝固的条件。(4)同种晶体的熔点与凝固点相同。(二)熔化、凝固的应用(1)指导学生阅读图 12-24,回答熔化、凝固的应用(2)学生列举熔化、凝固在日常生产、生活中的应用,如秦王的水晶宫;在我国寒冷的北方,为防止冬天地窖里的蔬菜被冻坏,常在地窖内放几桶水等。(3)讨论熔化、凝固对我们产生的不利影响,应如何避免?【课堂练习】完成 PPT 上面的练习题2【板书设计】1、凝固:物体从液态变成固态叫凝固2、凝固点:晶体凝固时,有一定凝固温度,叫作凝固点.3、熔化吸热,凝固放热【课后练习】

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