1、12019（宜宾）中考英语语法：形容词和副词讲与练专题三 形容词和副词真 题 试 做(A)1.(2018伊春中考改编)We are _ about the _ news that Beijing will hold the Winter Olympics in 2022.A.excited；exciting B.exciting；excitedC.excited；excite D.exciting；excite(D)2.(2018安徽中考)Yuan Longping is _ regarded as the greatest scientist in rice planting.A.sudde
2、nly B.patientlyC.hardly D.generally(D)3.(2018北京中考)Tony is _ of the three boys, but he is the tallest.A.young B.youngerC.youngest D.the youngest(C)4.(2018定西中考)Is dinner ready?Not _.A.already B.just C.yet D.ever(D)5.(2018北部湾中考)Tony always works hard.Of all the students, he did _ in this exam.A.good B.
3、well C.better D.best考向归结通过以上五个题的整体感知,我们可知形容词和副词在中考中的常考题型为单项选择。考点设置方向主要集中在易混形容词副词辨析与正确运用、形容词和副词比较级与最高级的正确运用、形容词和副词的位置功能方面,形容词和副词在综合填空中的词性转换与拼写,以及在书面表达中灵活正确地使用。考 点 突 破形容词功能和词义辨析21.形容词的功能(1)作定语：形容词在句中作定语通常放在名词前,但当其修饰不定代词时需后置。如：Yibin is a beautiful city.宜宾是一座美丽的城市。He has something important to tell us.他
4、有重要的事告诉我们。以下形容词只能作定语：little(小的),only(唯一的),elder(年长的)。(2)作表语：即形容词放在系动词后面作表语,常见系动词有：be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,turn,become。如：The burning noodles taste good. 燃面尝起来不错。In spring,all the leaves turn green.在春天,所有的叶子都变绿了。以下形容词只能作表语：afraid(害怕的),alone(独自的),asleep(睡着的),alive(活着的),well(身体健康的),ill(生病的),f
5、righten(害怕的)。(3)作宾语补足语。如：My best friend always makes me happy.我最好的朋友总让我高兴。注意：the形容词,表示该形容词代表的一类人：good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind等。如：The rich are supposed to help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。2.同根形容词辨析ed和ing 形容词的区别：ed 形容词主语为人,常用于指人对事物的感受；ing 形容词常用于名词前起修饰作用,指事和物本身的属性。如：ed形容词 ing形容词 例句surprised感到惊讶的surpri
6、sing令人惊讶的I am surprised at the surprising news.我对这个令人惊讶的新闻感到很吃惊。interested对感兴趣的interesting有趣的I am interested in the interesting movie.我对这部有趣的电影很感兴趣。excited感到兴奋的exciting令人兴奋的Have you heard of the exciting news？你听过这个令人兴奋的消息吗？We are excited about the traveling.我们对旅行感到兴奋。3frightened感到恐惧的frightening令人恐惧的
7、This is a frightening story.这是一个恐怖的故事。We are frightened of the ghost.我们怕鬼。moved受感动的moving令人感动的We are deeply moved by Dangal.我们被摔跤吧！爸爸深深感动了。Dangal is a moving film.摔跤吧！爸爸是一部令人感动的电影。形容词短语初中阶段有较多的形容词短语搭配,需要同学们加强记忆。下面是归纳的一些固定搭配形式,供参考使用。1.beadj.ofbe afraid/terrified/scared of害怕be ashamed of对感到羞耻be aware
8、of意识到be careful of注意,留心be certain of确信be confident of对有信心be full of充满be fond of喜欢be proud of对自豪be sure of确信be short of缺乏be tired of厌恶2.beadj.withbe angry with生的气be busy with忙于做be covered with被覆盖be concerned with牵涉到；与有关be disappointed with对失望be filled with充满4be happy with对高兴be patient with对有耐心be plea
9、sed with对满意be popular with受欢迎的be satisfied with对满意be strict with对严格3.beadj.aboutbe anxious about对焦虑be curious about对 好奇be excited about对感到兴奋be nervous about对紧张be sorry about对遗憾be sure about确保be worried about对感到担忧4.beadj.atbe amazed at对感到惊奇be angry at因生气be good/bad at 擅长/不擅长be mad at对恼火be surprised a
10、t对惊讶5.beadj.forbe good/bad for对有好处/坏处be known for因而著名be known as作为而著名be known to为所了解be known in在某地很著名be late for迟到be/get ready for准备好be/feel sorry for对抱歉6.beadj.to5be close to离近be good/nice/friendly to sb.对友好be kind to sb.对友好be married to与结婚 be polite to sb.对某人礼貌be rude to sb.对某人粗鲁be similar to和相似be
11、 helpful to sb.对有帮助be/get used to习惯于be harmful to对有害7.beadj.frombe absent from缺席be different from与不同be far from离远be free from免于8.beadj.inbe dressed in穿着be experienced in在有经验be interested in对感兴趣be poor in缺乏be rich in富有be strong in在有优势be successful in在成功be weak in在薄弱副词功能和位置1.副词的功能(1)作状语：放在动词之后。如：Tom s
12、tudies hard every day.汤姆每天努力学习。(2)作宾语补足语：动副短语。如：6Let the dog out！让狗出去！2.副词的位置(1)修饰动词时,放在动词之后,若是及物动词放在其宾语之后。如：Jack works hard.(work 为不及物动词)杰克工作努力。Mary is reading books carefully.(read为及物动词)玛丽正在认真地看书。(2)修饰形容词或其他副词时,放在被修饰词前面,但 enough 除外。如：Dont drive so quickly.开车别太快。The girl isnt old enough to dress he
13、rself.这个女孩还不够大不能自己穿衣服。(3)频度副词通常放在 be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前。如：He is never late for class.他上课从不迟到。Tina usually gets up early in the morning.蒂娜经常早起。(4)时间副词在后,地点副词在前。如：He will come back here tomorrow.他明天将会回到这里。形容词和副词的混合辨析1.常见的形容词及其相应的副词形式：形容词 词义 副词 词义good 好的 well 好地happy 开心的 happily 开心地heavy 重的 heavily 沉重
14、地strong 强大的 strongly 强有力地easy 简单的 easily 简单地careful 仔细的 carefully 仔细地quick 快的 quickly 快地simple 简单的 simply 简单地2.有些副词有两种形式,其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加ly,但意义有区别。单词 词性&词义 单词 词性&词义close adj./adv.近的(地) closely adv.密切地high adj./adv.高的(地) highly adv.高度地7free adj./adv.免费的(地) freely adv.自由地late adj./adv.晚,迟 lat
15、ely adv.近来deep adj./adv.深的(地) deeply adv.深刻地near adj./adv.邻近的(地) nearly adv.几乎,将近hard adj./adv.努力的(地) hardly adv.几乎不most adj./adv.最 mostly adv.主要地wide adj./adv.宽阔的(地) widely adv.广泛地形容词和副词的比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级有三个,即原级、比较级和最高级。1.原级比较(1)表示程度相同的比较用“asadj./adv.原级as”,意为 “与一样/相同” 。如：Zhao Liying is as tall as Yan
16、g Mi.赵丽颖和杨幂一样高。David runs as quickly as Bolt.戴维跑得和博尔特一样快。(2)表示程度不相同的比较“not so/asadj./adv. 原级as” 意为“与不一样/不同或不如” 。如：This book is not as/so interesting as that one.This book is less interesting than that one.That book is more interesting than this one.这本书没有那本书有趣。David doesnt run as quickly as Bolt.Davi
17、d runs less quickly than Bolt.Bolt runs more quickly than David.戴维没有博尔特跑得快。2.形容词和副词的比较级与最高级的构成(1)规则变化：情况 词尾变化 举例一般情况直接在词尾加er；esttalltallertallestfastfasterfastest以不发音的 e结尾的 加r；st nicenicernicest8词 largelargerlargest以辅音字母y 的词变 y为 i再加er；estdrydrierdriestearlyearlierearliest以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er
18、；estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestthinthinnerthinnest部分双音节词或多音节词在前面加more；mostinterestingmore interestingmost interestingclearlymore clearlymost clearlycarefullymore carefullymost carefully(2)不规则变化：原级 比较级 最高级good/well better bestbad/ill/badly worse worstlittle less leastmany/much more mostfar farth
19、er/furtherfarthest/furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest3.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的运用(1)形容词与副词比较级的运用表示两者比较,常与 than 连用。如：This computer is more expensive than that one.这台电脑比那台要贵。“the比较级,the比较级”,表示“越,就会越” 。如：The harder you work,the luckier you will be.越努力,越幸运。“比较级and比较级”(用于单音节词)或“more and more原级”(用于多音节词),表示 “越来越”
20、 。如：Yibin is becoming more and more beautiful.宜宾正变得越来越美丽。Its getting hotter and hotter in summer.夏天天气变得越来越热。 that/those 常用于替代前文提到过的同类的人或物,避免重复。that 替代不可数名词9或可数名词单数,those 代替可数名词复数。如：The weather in Yibin is cooler than that in Nanjing.宜宾的天气比南京的要更凉爽。The students in Class 1 study harder than those in Cl
21、ass 2.一班的学生比二班学生学习更努力。倍数比较。如：This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个房间大三倍。以比较级形式表达最高级含义：比较级thananyother单数可数名词；比较级thanthe other可数名词复数。如：He is taller than any other student in his class.He is taller than the other students in his class.He is the tallest student in his class.他比班上任何学生都高。不出
22、现 than却要用比较级的潜在语境比较。如：Are you satisfied with the result of the exam？你对考试结果满意吗？Not at all.I cant have a worse one.一点也不。再也找不到比这更差的了。以下一些词常用来修饰比较级：a little,a bit,a lot,even,much。如：He is much taller than me.他比我高些。It is even colder today than yesterday.今天比昨天更冷。(2)形容词与副词最高级的运用表示三者及其以上的比较,常用最高级形式且与 in/of等表
23、范围的短语连用；形容词最高级前无其他修饰词时要加 the,副词最高级前 the可要可不要。如：Mike writes (the) most carefully in his class.迈克是班上写字最认真的。He is the tallest of the three boys.他是三个男孩子中最高的。最高级前可用序数词共同修饰其后的名词,结构为：“the序数词最高级名词” 。如：The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world.长江是世界第三长河。“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”表示“最之一” 。如：Chen
24、gdu is one of the most beautiful cities in China.成都是中国最美丽的城市之一。10与形容词、副词相关的改错中考中很容易出现关于形容词、副词用法的错误,希望大家引起重视。主要有以下几个方面：1.形容词与副词选择错误。如：Sam will be more carefully next time.(careful,注意前面的连系动词 be)She did good in the exam yesterday.(well,注意前面的行为动词 did)2.ed结尾形容词与ing 结尾形容词混淆。如：I am interesting in the movie
25、.(interested,主语是人,表示人的感受)The story is very interested.(interesting,对事物进行描述,一般主语是物)3.形容词或副词比较等级判断错误。如：Cindy is much more taller than Paula.(去掉 more,因为 taller已经是比较级)My brother works harder in his class.(hardest,根据句意应为最高级)Your school is as_bigger as mine.(big,as.as之间应该使用原级)The Amazon River is one of th
26、e longer rivers in the world.(longest, one of后面应该使用最高级)4.其他词性相混淆。如：I have no idea about the important of learning English.(importance,此处需用名词)5.形近词混淆。如：Kate lives lonely,_but she never feels alone because she has many friends.(alone,lonely混淆)小 试 牛 刀(B)1.(2018玉林中考)Lisa, how is your cousin?He is _ now.
27、Thank you.A.more healthier B.much healthierC.very healthier D.healthiest(A)2.(2018黔东南中考)_ you practice, _ you will be at math.A.The more；the better B.The more；the best11C.The most；the better D.The most；the best(B)3.(2018河南中考)Why dont you get yourself a job?Thats _ said than done.A.easy B.easierC.the
28、 easier D.the easiest(C)4.(2018哈尔滨中考改编)I want to take part in afterclass activities.So do I.I think these activities can make us feel _.A.relax B.relaxingC.relaxed D.to relax(C)5.(2018随州中考)It was late.She opened the door_ because she didnt want to wake up her parents.A.heavily B.loudly C.quietly D.a
29、ngrily(B)6.(2018宜昌中考)Believe it or not, a pig from South Africa started painting several months ago.Anything is _.A.lively B.possibleC.valuable D.personal(C)7.(2018扬州中考)I cant afford the white dress.What about the orange one? The price is a little _.A.cheaper B. higherC.lower D.more expensive(D)8.(2
30、018临沂中考)Of all the blue holes in the world, Sansha Yongle Blue Hole in the South China Sea is now _.It is 300.89 meters deep.A.deeper B.very deepC.as deep as D.the deepest(B)9.(2018青岛中考)Allen always behaves _, so many people like him.A.easily B.politely C.friendly D.lively(C)10.(2018重庆中考 A卷)The show was so _ that I couldnt stop laughing.A.sad B.terrible C.funny D.serious
