1、专题十四 主谓一致,考点一,考点二,考点三,主谓一致是指谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致,遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 考点一 语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 1.当and或both .and .连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。 Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。,考点一,考点二,考点三,2.不定代词eithe
2、r,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Is there anything wrong with your bike? 你的自行车有什么毛病吗? Everyone is ready for the sports meeting. 大家都为运动会做好了准备。 3.由each,each .and each .,every,ever
3、y .and every .作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl was given a new uniform. 给了每一个男孩和每一个女孩一件新校服。,考点一,考点二,考点三,4.主语后接有with,along with,together with,as well as,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定。 Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing. 格林先生将和他的夫人及两个女儿一块儿
4、来北京。 5.a number of+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;the number of+限定词+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of trees were cut down. 许多树木被砍倒了。 The number of the students in our class is 32. 我们班的学生人数为32。,考点一,考点二,考点三,6.“a lot of (lots of,plenty of,a pile of,piles of,most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用
5、单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。 Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。 7.由“a pair(a kind,a series .)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds .)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table. 桌子上放着一副太阳镜。 Fifty pairs of shoes are made each day. 每天能制作50双鞋。,考点一,考点二,考点三,8.某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothe
6、s,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves .)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 My glasses were worn out.我的眼镜坏了。 9.不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is learning.读书就是学习。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。,考点二 意义一致原则 意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。 1.由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。 The teacher and writer is coming
7、 to give us a talk next week. 那位老师兼作家下周要给我们做报告。 The singer and dancer has been invited to the party. 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了晚会。 2.表示金钱、价格、时间、距离、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。 Five years is a long time. 五年是一段很长的时间。,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点一,考点二,考点三,3.集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government .)如果表示整
8、体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式,如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。 My family are going on vacation next month. 我们一家人下个月要去度假。 My family is a small one with three people. 我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。 4.people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are helping a girl find her parents. 警察正在帮助一个女孩找她的父母。 People there are living a happy life.
9、 那儿的人们生活得很快乐。,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点三 就近一致原则 有时谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语一致,这种原则叫作就近一致原则。 1.由either .or .,neither .nor .,not only .but (also) .,not .but .或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle. 不只是我父母,我也盼望看到我叔叔。 2.there be .和here be .这两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。 There is a table and three chairs in Toms room. 在汤姆的房间有一张桌子和三把椅子。,
