1、1专题六 并列句和状语从句并列句的核心考点1.并列句的基本概念并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。2.常见的并列连词(1)表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有 and，not only.but (also).等。He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.Not only did he speak more correctly，but also he spoke more easily.(2)表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有 or，either.or.等。
2、Either you are right，or I am.(3)表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有 but，yet，whereas 等。Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.Some of the studies show positive results，whereas others do not.(4)表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有 so，for 等。It must have rained last night，for it is wet all over.The shops were closed，so I di
3、dnt get any milk.(5)when 还可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时” ，相当于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：sb. was doing sth. when.；sb. was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when.；sb. had just done sth. when.。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.2We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rai
4、n.(6)while 作为并列连词，意为“而，却” ，表示对比。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.题组训练 1用适当的并列连词填空1.I wonder how much you charge for your services.The first two are free while the third costs $ 30.2.Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.3.Dont drive so fast，or youl
5、l have an accident.4.She is seriously ill，but/yet she doesnt give up hope.5.He is a good teacher，so/and he is very popular with students.时间状语从句的核心考点1.before 引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型：It will be long before.(得过好久才)It will not be long before.(过不了多久就)It was long before.(过了好久才)It was not long before.(过了不久就)2
6、.since 后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。Error!It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。3.as，when，while 用法一览表。类别 作用 例句asas 表示“当的时候” ，往往和when/ while 通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)w
7、hen(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school，we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)whilewhile 意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里” 。主句中的动作Please dont talk so loud while others are working.3或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词
8、一般要用延续性动词。在 when 表示 a period of time 时，两者可以互换。He fell asleep while/when reading.Strike while the iron is hot.(用 as 或 when 不可，这里的while 意思是“趁”)4.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：(1)till，not.until.，untilDont get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until/till it was twelve oclock.(2)hardly/scarc
9、ely.when，no sooner.than 表示“刚就”We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.(3)directly，immediately，the moment，the minute，the instant，as soon as 意为“一就”He made for the door directly he heard th
10、e knock.The moment he saw his mother，he burst into tears.(4)each time，every timeEach time he came to my city，he would call on me.题组训练 2用适当的连词填空1.If a lot of people say a film is not good，I wont bother to see it，or Ill wait until/till it comes out on DVD.2.They rushed in while we were discussing prob
11、lems.3.One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.4.It was April 29,2001 when Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.5.He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.让步状语从句的核心考点1
12、.although 与 though 可以引导让步状语从句，不能与 but 连用，但可以与 yet 连用。Although/Though they are poor，(yet)they are warm-hearted.2.even if 或 even though 引导让步状语从句，表示“即使” 、 “纵然” ，用来使人注意4下文所强调内容的性质。Ill get there even if/though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.3.no matter 后接上 who，what ，where，how 等疑
13、问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上 ever 构成 whoever，whatever，wherever，however 等。但在引导名词性从句时只能用 wh-ever 类词。Dont trust him，no matter what/whatever he says.I will eat whatever you give me.No matter how hard the work is，youd better try to do it well.4.as 也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词
14、，冠词需省去。though 引导的从句也可以倒装，但 although 引导的不可以。Child as(though) he is，he knows a lot.Much as I like it，I wont buy.Try as he would，he couldnt lift the heavy box.5.while 也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管” ，比 though/although 语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。题组训练 3用适当的连词填空1.It was a nice meal，though a little expensive.2.While/Tho
15、ugh/Although volleyball is her main focus，shes also great at basketball.3.Frank insisted that he was not asleep although/though I had great difficulty in waking him up.4.Although/Though regular exercise is very important，its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.5.While/Though/Although
16、all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post.6.Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.原因状语从句：because，as，since，now that1.表示不知道的原因时用 because，即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此 because 从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。You want to know why Im leaving？Im leaving because Im fed up with the boss.5
17、2.表示已经知道的原因时用 as 或 since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since 要比 as 正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。Seeing all of the children already seated，he said， “Since everyone is here，lets start.”3.下列情况下只能使用 because：(1)在回答 why 的问句时；(2)在用于强调句型时；(3)被 not 所否定时。地点状语从句：where，wherever 等Make a mark wherever you h
18、ave any questions.We will go where the Party directs us.目的状语从句：that，so that，in order that注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。He got up early so that he could catch the early train.结果状语从句：that，so that，so.that.，such.that.注意：so形容词/副词that 从句；such名词that 从句。She is so good that we all like her.He is
19、 such a good teacher that we all respect him.方式状语从句：as，as if/thoughIll do as I am told to.It looks as if it is going to rain.条件状语从句：if，unless，so/as long as，in case，once，on condition that 等You can use my bike as long as you return it on time.注意状语从句中从句的省略现象1.连词过去分词Dont speak until spoken to.Unless rep
20、aired，the washing machine is no use.2.连词现在分词Look out while crossing the street.3.连词形容词/其他常见的有 if necessary，if possible，when necessary，if any 等。If necessary，I will go there.6题组训练 4用适当的连词填空1.The police officers in our city work hard in order that/so that the rest of us can live a safe life.2.She worke
21、d hard so that everything would be ready in time.3.He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.4.Jack wasnt saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if/as though he had done something very clever.5.Where there is a will，there is a way.1. you can sleep well
22、，you will lose the ability to focus，plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.(2018江苏，29)A.Once B.UnlessC.If D.When答案 B解析 句意为：你如果睡不好的话，一两个晚上后就会失去集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。B 项 unless 意为“如果不，除非” ，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。once 一旦；if 如果；when 当的时候。2. we dont stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world
23、will be gone.(2018北京，2)A.Although B.WhileC.If D.Until答案 C解析 句意为：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物将会消失。此处应该用 if引导条件状语从句，表示主句内容发生的条件。3.Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend they get sweet enough to be eaten.(2018天津，4)A.ever since B.as ifC.even though D.so that答案 D7解析 句意为：我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧，以便它们吃起来足够甜。so that
24、意为“以便，为了” ，引导目的状语从句，符合语境，故选 D。ever since 自以后；as if 好像，似乎；even though 即使，尽管。4.Peter，please send us postcards well know where you have visited.No problem.(2017北京，22)A.but B.or C.for D.so答案 D解析 句意为：彼得，请寄给我们明信片，这样(so)我们就知道你去哪里旅游了。没 问 题 。 后 面 表 示 结 果 ， 故 用 so。 but 表 转 折 ； or 表 选 择 ； for 是 表 因 果 关 系 的 连 词
25、 ， 后 接 原因 。5.If you dont understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people you figure it out.(2017北京，28)A.because B.thoughC.until D.since答案 C解析 句意为：如果不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until)弄清楚。until 直到为止，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。because 因为，引导原因状语从句；though 尽管，引导让步状语从句；since 自以来，由于，可引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句。6
26、. birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017北京，25)A.Once B.IfC.Although D.Because答案 C解析 句意为：虽然(although)鸟儿用羽毛来飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。前后为让步关系，故用 although 引导状语从句。once 一旦，引导时间状语从句；if 如果，引导条件状语从句；because 因为，引导原因状语从句。7. some people are motivated by a need for succ
27、ess，others are motivated by a fear of failure.(2016江苏，26)A.Because B.IfC.Unless D.While答案 D8解析 考查让步状语从句。句意为：尽管有些人受到成功需求的激励，而另外一些人却被失败的恐惧激发。根据句意可知，这两句话之间为转折对比关系，故要用 while。8.I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.(2016北京，33)A.because B.be
28、foreC.unless D.until答案 A解析 考查状语从句。句意为：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它有助于我放松，让我忘记一天中的其他忧虑。根据句意可知，句子前后为因果关系，故选 A 项。9.I am not afraid of tomorrow， I have seen yesterday and I love today.(2016北京，35)A.so B.andC.for D.but答案 C解析 考查连词。句意为：我并不害怕明天。因为我已经历了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知，句子前后为因果关系，故选 C 项。10.It is so cold that you cant go outsid
29、e fully covered in thick clothes.(2015江苏，26)A.if B.unlessC.once D.when答案 B解析 考查状语从句连词的选择。句意为：天太冷，你不能去外面，除非你全裹在厚衣服里。unless 相当于 if.not(如果不)，符合句意。11. a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.(2015浙江，9)A.Just as B.Even thoughC.Until D.Unl
30、ess答案 A解析 句意为：正如一个单词可以改变一句话的意思一样，一个句子也可以改变一段话的意思。just as 正如，正像，符合语境。even though 尽管；until 直到；unless 除非，如果不。12. the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to 9recover.(2015北京，32)A.Until B.UnlessC.Once D.Although答案 C解析 考查连词。句意为：一旦造成损害，要花费许多年的时间耕地才能恢复。until 直到；unless 除非；once 一旦；althoug
31、h 尽管。由句意可知选 C。13. scientists have learned a lot about the universe，there is much we still dont know.(2015安徽，23)A.Once B.SinceC.Though D.Unless答案 C解析 考查状语从句的连接词。句意为：尽管科学家们对宇宙已经了解甚多，但仍有许多我们 还 不 知 道 的 东 西 。 once 一 旦 ； since 自 从 以 来 ； though 尽 管 ； unless 除 非 。 该 题 主 要考 查 让 步 状 语 从 句 ， 故 选 C； 而 A、 D 常 引
32、导 条 件 状 语 从 句 ； B 常 用 来 引 导 时 间 或 原 因 状 语 从句。14. he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.(2015安徽，34)A.Where B.AsC.In case D.Now that答案 A解析 考查连词。句意为：在他曾经想放弃的地方，他现在有决心前行并继续走下去。where 在这里是连词，意思是“(在)的地方” 。as 当，因为；in case 以防；now that既然。15.He is a shy man,
33、 he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015北京，25)A.so B.but C.or D.as答案 B解析 考查连词。句意为：他是一个很害羞的人，但是他不害怕任何事和人。 由句意可知前后两句之间为转折关系，故用 but，选 B。16.It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(2014江西，35)A.that B.as C.which D.when 10答案 D解析 考查状语从句。句意为：当我的父亲把我叫醒并
34、告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时是在半夜。本句容易错选 A 项，认为是强调句型。实际上 the middle of the night 不能单独做时间状语，如果在 the middle of the night 前面加上 in，本题就可以选择 A 项了。本句中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，故 D 项正确。17.The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”.(2014安徽，25)A.before B.after C.since D.while
35、答案 A解析 考查连词。句意为：“nice”一词的含义变化了数次，直到最后它才包括了pleasant 的含义。即：在“nice”包括“pleasant”这一含义之前，其含义还有其他几次演变。故 A 项符合句意。after 和 since 两者只能使用于从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词发生的情况；while 引导时间状语从句时，表示主句和从句的谓语动词同时发生。18.In the global economy，a new drug for cancer， it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world
36、.(2013江苏，28)A.whatever B.whoeverC.wherever D.whichever答案 C解析 句意为：在全球经济中，无论在哪儿发现一种治疗癌症的新药，这都会在全球产生很多经济方面的可能性。whatever 无论什么；whoever 无论是谁； wherever 无论在哪；whichever 无论哪一个。19.I took my driving license with me on holiday， I wanted to hire a car.(2013北京，30)A.in case B.even ifC.ever since D.if only答案 A解析 考查连
37、词用法。句意为：我随身带了驾照去度假，以备我租车用。in case 万一，以防；even if 即便；ever since 自从以来；if only 但愿。故选 A 项。20.Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs， you could have problems.(2013北京，22)A.or B.and C.but D.so答案 A11解析 考查连词用法。句意为：关闭所有程序后再关电脑，否则会有麻烦的。or 否则，要不然，用于警告或忠告，符合题意。1.Chinas Silk Road Economic Belt， acc
38、omplished，will quicken the economic growth of the countries along the route.A.unless B.thoughC.once D.as答案 C解析 句意为：中国的丝绸之路经济带一旦建成，将会加快沿线国家的经济增长。分析句子结构可知，此处考查的是状语从句的省略，表示“中国的丝绸之路经济带一旦建成” ，故once“一旦”符合语境。unless 除非，如果不；though 尽管；as 随着，因为。2.Sometimes its hard to accept the truth the lie sounds so much be
39、tter.(2018南京三模，21)A.because B.unlessC.though D.until答案 A解析 句意为：有时候真相很难接受，因为谎言往往要顺耳多了。此处用 because 引导原因状语从句，故选 A。3.China is playing a key role in an effort to control drug overdoses.However，it will take long and much effort this problem is completely solved.(2018南京师大附中等四校联考，23)A.until B.afterC.before
40、D.unless答案 C解 析 句 意 为 ： 中 国 在 控 制 药 物 滥 用 这 个 问 题 上 起 着 关 键 的 作 用 。 不 过 ， 在 彻 底 解 决 这 个 问题 之 前 将 花 费 长 时 间 的 大 量 的 努 力 。 before 在 之 前 ， 符 合 句 意 ， 在 句 中 引 导 时 间 状 语 从 句。4.John plays tennis well， his favorite sport is basketball.A.so B.yetC.or D.for答案 B解 析 句 意 为 ： 约 翰 网 球 打 得 好 ， 然 而 他 最 喜 欢 的 运 动 是 篮
41、 球 。 由 句 意 可 知 ， 选 yet 表 示 转 折 。125.Photos are magical in that they can have us seeing moments from the past they were frozen in time.(2018镇江期中，23)A.when B.in caseC.unless D.as if答案 D解析 when 当时；in case 万一，假使；unless 除非；as if 似乎，好像。句意为：照片是神奇的，因为它们能让我们看到过去的时刻，就好像它们被冻结在时空里。此处表示“似乎，好像” ，故选 D。6.The great
42、interest in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all children， their conditions，deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.(2018江苏高考压轴，28)A.how B.whatC.whatever D.however答案 C解析 句意为：在过去的 30 年里，对公共教育中的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种强烈的情绪，那就是所有的
43、儿童，不管他们什么情况，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。此处是whatever 引导的让步状语从句，表示“不管什么，不论什么” ，故选 C。7. you may not be the next Bill Gates，for example，by learning from people like him you may become just as，if not more famous，because of your success.(2018如东中学高三上期中，25)A.If B.WhileC.Since D.As答案 B解析 句意为：举个例子，尽管你可能不是下一个比尔盖茨，通过像他这样的人学
44、习，因为你的成功，如果不能更著名的话，至少可能变得和他一样有名。此处是 while 引导的让步状语从句。8.Man cannot discover new oceans he has the courage to lose sight of the shore.(2018镇江高三上期末，32)A.if B.unlessC.when D.since答案 B13解析 句意为：人类无法发现新的海洋除非有看不见海岸的勇气。unless 除非，故选 B。9.You can use this room for your club activities tomorrow you keep it tidy a
45、nd clean.(2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，28)A.for fear that B.so thatC.on condition that D.even if答案 C解析 句意为：你明天可以用这个房间举行俱乐部活动，条件是你得保持房间的整洁干净。for fear that 担心，害怕，引导目的状语从句；so that 为的是，因此，引导目的或结果状语从句；even if 尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句。on condition that 如果，在的条件下，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。故选 C 项。10.The majority of new businesses fail becau
46、se， they have a product or service that fills a gap in the market，they usually lack the skills in sales，marketing，and administration.(2017苏锡常镇四市二模，28)A.now that B.even ifC.as long as D.as though答案 B解析 句意为：大多数新兴企业倒闭是因为虽然它们有产品或服务填补市场空缺，但他们通常缺乏销售、营销和管理技巧。本题中的 because 引导原因状语从句，从句中还包含一个让步状语从句。now that 既然
47、，引导原因状语从句；as long as 只有，引导条件状语从句；as though 好像，常引导方式状语从句。even if 即使，虽然，引导让步状语从句，符合语境，故选 B 项。11.How do you like the advertisement of the way to losing weight?Dont fall for it.In the beginning，that may do，but after a while you will end up back you started.(2018南京高淳区、淮海中学等 97 校联考，28)A.as if B.whereC.eve
48、n if D.when答案 B解析 as if 好像；where 在的地方；even if 即使；when 当时。句意为：你觉得这个减肥方法的广告怎么样？不要信以为真。开始的时候，可能会有效，但是很快你就会回到原来的样子。故选 B。12.My father helps arrange a Sunday brunch at the community center the senior citizens can get together with their friends.(2018如东中学高三期中，24)14A.in that B.in caseC.so that D.for that答案
49、C解析 句意为：我父亲帮助在社区中心安排星期日的早午餐，以便老年人可以和朋友聚在一起。由此可知此处是 so that 引导的目的状语从句。13.How about travelling abroad this winter holiday，just for a change?OK， you want.(2018扬州高三上期末，31)A.whichever B.howeverC.whatever D.whoever答案 C解析 句意为：这个寒假出国旅游怎么样，只是为了换换口味？好的，随便你。whatever 在这里引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论什么，不管什么” ，故选 C。14.The visitor asked to have his picture ta
