1、1专题十 形容词和副词形容词和副词的核心考点1.形容词和副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：(1)形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a task difficult to finish(2)表语形容词(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive 等)作定语，定语后置。如 a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如 well，faint，ill 只作表语。sick 既可作表语又可作定语，ill 如
2、作定语意为“bad” 。(3)用作定语，修饰由不定代词 one，no，any，some 和 every 构成的复合词如anything，something 等时，通常后置。I have something important to tell you.(4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。(5)enough 修饰名词前置或后置，修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。(6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.(7)频度副词如 often，always，usually
3、 等在 be 动词后，行为动词前。(8)副词作定语，定语后置。The person there is waiting for you.2(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)形状或样式词大小、长短或高低词年龄或新旧词颜色词产地或来源词材料或种类词用途词名词。a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella(10)以-ly 结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以-ly 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly
4、，silly，likely，brotherly，timely等。表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词：Error!Error!Error!Error!有无-ly 意义大不相同的副词：Error!Error!Error!Error!题组训练 1选词填空sharp，occasionally，thankfully，optional，particular，besides，transparent，permanent，steady，quite1.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is quite another to p
5、lay it well yourself.2.The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was steady，though slow.3.An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character；however，they are not always permanent.4.The state-run company is req
6、uired to make its accounts as transparent as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.5.The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，Id grown fond of our little rented house.6.She has already tried her best.Please dont be too particular about her job.37.In that school，English is compuls
7、ory for all students，but French and Russian are optional.8.Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.9.Ive been writing this report occasionally for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow.10.Nowadays，there is a sharp increase in childrens creat
8、ivity，for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.2.形容词和副词的比较等级(1)原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as原级形容词/副词as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)原级形容词/副词as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数as原级形容词/副词as”的结构。Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so(as) high as that one.Mi
9、ss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.This room is three times as large as that one.(2)比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。(3)比较级的用法。表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级than”的结构表示。This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less原级than”的结构表示。 This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程
10、度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如 even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far 等修饰。He works even harder than before.注意：(A)英语的比较级前如无 even，still 或 yet 等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更” 。She is better than she was yesterday.Please come earlier tomorrow.(B)by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”
11、。4He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the比较级(主语谓语)，the比较级(主语谓语)”的结构(意为“越越”)。The harder he works，the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级and比较级”的结构。The weather is getting colder and colder.某些以-ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to 代替 than。这些词有 infer
12、ior(劣等的，次的)，superior(较好的，优于)，junior(资历较浅的)，senior(资格较老的)，prior(在之前)等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that 指物，one 既可指人又可指物。that 可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而 one只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或 the one) on the desk.A box made
13、 of steel is stronger than one made of wood.倍数表达法。(A)A is three (four，etc.) times the size(height，length，etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.(B)A is three(four，etc.)times as big(high，long，etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.(C)A is three (four，et
14、c.)times bigger(higher，longer，etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.用 times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用 twice 或 double。(4)最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the) hardest in his class.最高级可被序数词以及 much，by far，nearly，almost
15、，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like 等词语所修饰。This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect 等，没有最高级，5也不能用比较级。形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。He is the tallest (boy) in his class.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。Of
16、all the boys he came (the) earliest.否定词比较级最高级He has never spent a more worrying day.(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常” 。He is a most clever young policeman.(mostvery)The film is most interesting.(mostvery)表示两者间“较的一个” ，比较级前加 the。Who is the older of the two
17、boys?在“the比较级.，the比较级.”结构中。The more，the better.(6)由 as 组成的形容词或副词短语。as much as不可数名词 数量多达Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as可数名词 数量多达I have as many as sixteen reference books.as early as 早在As early as the twelfth century the English began t
18、o invade the island.as far as 远到；就而知(论)We might go as far as(走到) the church and back.As far as I know(就我所知)，he has been there before.may(might，could) as well 不妨，不如Then you might as well stay with us here.as.as one can 尽某人所能的They are as unreliable as they can be.He began to run，as fast as he could.as
19、.as possible 尽可能的6Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.题组训练 21.The longer you stay(你待的时间越长)，the better it will be.2.The new city is becoming more and more beautiful (变得越来越美丽了).3.China is larger than any other country in Asia (比亚洲任何其他国家都大).4.The taller of the two boys(这两个男孩中较高的那个) is my
20、brother.5.The road is five times as long as that one.(同义句改写)The road is five times the length of that one.The road is four times longer than that one.3.几组重要的词语辨析(1)very 和 much 的区别。可分等级的形容词和副词前使用 very 不用 much。 表 示 状 态 的 过 去 分 词 前 用 very。 如 a very frightened boy， a very tired child， a very complicated
21、 problem。 一 般 情 况 下 ， 以 -ing， -ed 结 尾 的 分 词 多 用 much， very much， greatly 等 修 饰 。We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.I was much amused by Jacks attitude.已转化为形容词的现在分词前用 very。如：very interesting/worrying/exciting。too 前用 much，a lot 或 far，不用 very。如：You are much/far/a lot too nice.另外，在 too many/m
22、uch，too few/little 前用 far。Theres far too little opportunity for adventure these days.Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：(a)修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very，而用 quite，completely，well，entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken，sure)，completely dead，quite impossible，quite perfect 等。(b)修饰以 a
23、-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone，very much alone，wide awake，fast asleep，very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth，much the same，freezing cold，quite different，terribly cold/frightening。(2)so.that.与 such.that.的区别。Error!Error!注意：下列结构中只能用 so 不可用 such，当名词前有 many，much，little，few 等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much
24、 progress，so many people，so little food，so 7few apples 等。但当 little 表示“小”时用 such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列 so 的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem，so difficult problems，so hot weather。(3)其他几组词的辨析。ago，before：ago 表示以现在为起点的“以前” ；before 指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前” 。泛指“以前”用 before
25、而不用 ago。already，yet，still：already 表示某事已经发生；yet 表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。too，also，either：too 和 also 用于肯定句，too 多用于口语，also 多用于书面语，either 用于否定句。good，well：与 good 不同的是，well 作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好” ，也作副词修饰动词。quick，fast：作形容词皆表示“快” 。fast 多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。real，true：作形容词皆表示“真的
26、” 。real 强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true 指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。hard，difficult：均表示“困难” ，但 hard 通常指体力上困难；difficult 则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于 hard。它们都可作定语和表语。 1.Despite the poor service of the hotel，the manager is to invest in sufficient training for his staff.(2018江苏，34)A.keen B.reluctantC.anxious D.ready答案 B解析
27、 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：虽然宾馆的服务很差，但经理仍然不愿意投资对员工进行充分的培训。reluctant 意为“不情愿的” ，符合语境。keen 渴望的，着迷的；anxious担心的，焦虑的；ready 准备好的，愿意的。2.Only five years after Steve Jobs death，smart-phones defeated PCs in sales.(2017江苏，29)A.controversial B.contradictoryC.confidential D.conventional答案 D8解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：仅仅在史蒂夫乔布斯去世五年之后，智
28、能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。语境提到 smart-phones(智能手机)，与之对应的PCs(personal computers)应该用形容词 conventional 修饰，表示“传统的” 。controversial 有争议的；contradictory 自相矛盾的；confidential 机密的。故选 D。3.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But explanations are hard to find.(2017江苏，34)A.alte
29、rnative B.aggressiveC.ambiguous D.apparent答案 A解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞，但也难以找到别的解释。空格处与前面的“未必”(not necessarily)呼应，这里用 alternative 表示“另外的，可替代的” 。aggressive 好斗的，挑衅的；ambiguous 模棱两可的，不明确的；apparent 显而易见的，明白的。4.I want to see Mr White.We have an appointment.Im sorry，but he is not at the moment，for
30、the meeting hasnt ended.(2017天津，3)A.busy B.activeC.concerned D.available答案 D解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。很抱歉，但是此刻他没空(available)，因为会议还没有结束。D 项 available 可表示“(人)有空的” ，符合语境。busy 忙碌的；active 活跃的；concerned 担忧的。5.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most statements of how，and on what basis，data
31、are collected.(2016江苏，31)A.explicit B.ambiguousC.original D.arbitrary 答案 A解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：他全面的调查提供了关于如何收集信息及在什么基础上收集信息的最清楚明确的说明。explicit 清楚的，明晰的，详述的；ambiguous 模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original 起初的，原来的；arbitrary 任意的，随心所欲的。6.In this article，you need to back up general statements with examples.(2016浙江，16)A.specifi
32、c B.permanent9C.abstract D.universal答案 A解析 考查形容词辨析。句意为：在这篇文章里，你需要用具体的例子来支持你的总体性陈述。specific 具体的，特定的；permanent 永久的；abstract 抽象的；universal 通用的，普遍的。根据句意可知选 A。7.I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years.(2016浙江，18)A.little more B.no moreC.much more D.many
33、 more答案 D解析 考查形容词辨析。句意为：我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动，希望在未来几年里能参加更多的活动。many more 后省略了 events。根据句意可知选 D。8.I dont think what he said is to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.(2015湖北，28)A.faithful B.parallelC.relevant D.similar答案 C解析 考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：我认为，他说的话与我们讨论的主题无关，他偏离了重点。be faithful to 忠诚于；be parall
34、el to 与平行，与类似；be relevant to 与相近，与相关；be similar to 与相似。故选 C。9.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and review of the case.(2015江苏，31)A.comprehensive B.complicatedC.conscious D.crucial答案 A解析 考查形容词辨析。句意为：警官们决定对该案件进行一次彻底和全面的审查。comprehensive 综合的，广泛的；complicated 复杂的；conscious 有意识的；crucial 至关
35、重要的。根据 and 判断，所填词和 thorough(彻底的，细致的)意思相近，故选 A 项。10.Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was alive.(2015浙江，13)10A.steadily B.instantlyC.formerly D.permanently答案 C解析 考查副词词义辨析。句意为：我们大多数人，如果对食物来源多少知道一点点的话，就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是有生命
36、的。formerly 以前，从前，符合语境。steadily 稳固地，坚定地，不动摇地；instantly 立刻，马上；permanently 永久地，长期不变地。11.Listening is thus an active，not a ，behavior consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.(2015浙江，14)A.considerate B.sensitiveC.reliable D.passive答案 D解析 考查形容词辨析。句意为：聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动的接受，它涉及听、理解和记忆。passive 被动的，消
37、极的，与前面的 active 对应。considerate 体贴的，体谅的；sensitive 易受伤害的，易受影响的，敏感的；reliable 可靠的，可信赖的。12.Im so to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.(2015安徽，26)A.special B.superiorC.grateful D.attractive答案 C解析 考查形容词辨析。句意为：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我愉快地结束了糟糕的一天。special 特殊的；superior 优越的，超过；gratef
38、ul 感激的；attractive 有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情，故选 C。13.It was of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015福建，23)A.careless B.considerateC.patient D.generous答案 B解析 考查形容词辨析。句意为：Michael 通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。本句使用了 It is/was considerate of sb. to do sth. 这一结构。careless 粗心的；considerat
39、e 考虑周到的；patient 有耐心的；generous 慷慨的，大方的。14.The girl used to be shy，but is getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015湖北，29)11A.gradually B.usuallyC.previously D.merely答案 A解析 句意为：这个女孩以前很害羞，但是正 在小组活动中变得积极起来，而且更愿意表达自己了。根据题干中的 is 和 getting 可知，这里表示循序渐进的过程，故选gradually(逐渐地)。usua
40、lly 通常；previously 先前地；merely 仅仅。15.Andy is content with the toy.It is he has ever got.(2015四川，7)A.a better B.the betterC.a best D.the best答案 D解析 考查形容词的最高级。句意为：Andy 对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。根据上一句话可知，下一句应用最高级，故选 D。 16.The idea “happiness， ” ，will not sit still for easy definition.(2014江苏，28)A.to be rigid
41、B.to be sureC.to be perfect D.to be fair答案 B解析 考查动词不定式短语意义辨析。to be rigid 刻板地说，死板地说；to be sure 诚然，的确，无可否认；to be perfect 完美地说，说得完美些；to be fair 公平而言，说句公道话。本句主干是 The idea “happiness” will not sit still for easy definition.，其意思是：给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事。根据四个动词不定式短语的意义和句子主干的意思，我们可以选择 B 项 to be sure。综合考虑可知题干句意为：诚然
42、，给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事。17.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others .(2014浙江，13)A.blindly B.unwillinglyC.closely D.carefully答案 A解析 考查副词词义辨析。句意为：教育的宗旨是教会年轻人自己思考，而不是盲从别人。blindly 盲目地，符合句意。unwillingly 不情愿地；closely 密切地；carefully 仔细地。18.Its our hope that we wil
43、l play a greater role in the market place and， ，supply more jobs.(2014安徽，33)12A.however B.anywhereC.therefore D.otherwise答案 C解析 考查副词词义辨析。句意为：我们希望的是，我们能在市场发挥更大的作用，因此，提供更多的就业机会。however 然而，表转折关系；anywhere 无论何处，表条件；therefore 因此，表因果关系；otherwise 否则，表相反的结果。根据句意选 C。19.My good performance in the job interview
44、 left me about my future and about what I can do here.(2014安徽，27)A.puzzled B.sensitiveC.optimistic D.embarrassed答案 C解析 考查形容词辨析。puzzled 困惑的；sensitive 敏感的；optimistic 乐观的；embarrassed 尴尬的。根据句意选 C 项。20.Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldnt have found it .(2014江西，23)A.nowhere B.howeverC.other
45、wise D.instead答案 C解析 考查副词词义辨析。nowhere 无处；however 然而；otherwise 否则，要不然；instead 反而。句意为：谢谢你为我们指路，要不然我们找不到那所房子。故 C 项正确。1.Professor Stanley didnt agree with all my points but wrote a very assessment of my paper.A.critical B.ambiguousC.subjective D.generous答案 D解析 句意为：斯坦利教授并非赞同我所有的观点，但是他给我写的论文评价多有赞誉之词。gener
46、ous 慷慨的，宽厚的，仁慈的，符合语境。critical 批评的；ambiguous 模棱两可的，含混不清的；subjective 主观的。2.Its said that the power plant is now large as what it was.A.twice as B.as twiceC.twice much D.much twice答案 A13解析 句意为：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数表达法有多种，此处考查的是“倍数词as形容词/副词原级as其他”结构。故选 A。3.Since we have been friends for many years，no more
47、 of this fancy playing with wordsI want some talk here.A.straight B.informalC.fluent D.concrete答案 A解析 句意为：我们多年来一直是朋友，不要再玩文字游戏了，我想(和你)坦率地谈谈。straight 坦率的，正直的，笔直的；informal 非正式的； fluent 流利的；concrete 具体的。根据句意可知答案为 A。4.John had planned to make a compromise，but he changed his mind at the last minute? (2018
48、泰州中学高三上期中，32)A.anyhow B.otherwiseC.therefore D.somehow答案 D解析 句意为：约翰打算妥协的，但是不知道什么缘故，在最后几分钟，他改变了主意。anyhow 无论如何；otherwise 否则；therefore 因此；somehow 不知道什么缘故。故选 D。5.Although values may be things，its helpful to share them with your partner for additional support.(2018苏锡常镇四市一调)A.terminal B.personalC.crucial
49、D.practical答案 B解析 句意为：虽然价值观可能是个人的事情，但与你的伙伴分享这些价值观来获得额外的支持是很有帮助的。terminal 不治的，晚期的；personal 个人的；crucial 至关重要的，关键性的；practical 实践的，实际的，切实可行的。根据句意可知，应选 B。6.Dont always put me on the spot like this.You know，because of my duty，I cant give away information to you.(2018泰州中学高三上期中，24)A.contemporary B.conventionalC.confidential D.consistent答案 C解析 句意
