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1、1课时跟踪训练(二十一) 空间向量的坐标表示1已知 a(1,2,1), a b(1,2,1),则 b_.2已知点 A在基底 a, b, c下的坐标为(2,1,3),其中a 4i 2j, b 2j 3k, c 3k j,则点 A在基底 i, j, k下的坐标为_3已知向量 a(2,1,3), b(1,4,2), c(7,0, ),若 a、 b、 c三个向量共面,则实数 _.4已知 a(2 x,1,3), b(1,2 y,9),若 a b,则 x_, y_.5已知点 A(4,1,3), B(2,5,1), C为线段 AB上一点,且 AC B,则 C点坐13标为_6已知 PA垂直于正方形 ABCD所

2、在的平面, M, N分别是 AB, PC的中点,并且PA AD1,试建立适当的坐标系并写出向量, DDC 的坐标7已知 A、 B、 C三点的坐标分别是(2,1,2),(4,5,1)、(2,2,3)求点 P的坐标,使:(1)OP ( );12(2) A ( B C)128.如图,在长方体 ABCD A1B1C1D1中, DA DC4, DD13,点 P是线段 BD1上一动点,2E是 BC的中点,当点 P在什么位置时, PE A1B?答 案1解析: b a( a b)(1,2,1)(1,2,1)(2,4,2)答案:(2,4,2)2解析:由题意知点 A对应向量为 2a b 3c2(4 i2 j)(2

3、 j3 k)3(3 k j)8 i3 j12 k,故点 A在基底 i, j, k下的坐标为(8,3,12)答案:(8,3,12)3解析:由 a、 b、 c共面可得 c xa yb,Error! 解得 10.答案:104解析: a(2 x,1,3), b(1,2 y,9),又 a b,显然y0, , x , y .2x1 1 2y 39 16 32答案: 16 325解析:设 C点坐标( x, y, z),则 AC( x4, y1 , z3) AB(2, 6,2), ( 2,6,2) ,13 13 ( 23, 2, 23)Error! 解得:Error!答案:( ,1, )103 736.解:如

4、图,因为 PA AD AB1,且 PA平面 ABCD, AD AB,所以可设 AD e1, B e2, AP e3,以 e1, e2, e3为基底建立空间直角坐标系 Axyz.因为 C e2,MN P N M P C12 AB ( AD )12 123 e2 e3 ( e3 e1 e2) e1 e3.12 12 12 12所以 MN , DC(0,1,0)(12, 0, 12)7解: AB (2,6,3), A(4,3,1)(1)OP (6,3,4) ,12 (3, 32, 2)则点 P的坐标为 .(3,32, 2)(2)设 P为( x, y, z),则 AP( x2, y1, z2) (AB

5、 C) ,12 (3, 32, 2) x5, y , z0,则点 P的坐标为 .12 (5, 12, 0)8解:以 D为原点,建立空间直角坐标系,如图所示,则 A1(4,0,3), B(4,4,0),C(0,4,0), D1(0,0,3) E为 BC的中点, E(2,4,0) 1AB(4,4,0)(4,0,3)(0,4,3),(0,0,3)(4,4,0)(4,4,3),(4,4,0) (2,4,0)(2,0,0)设 P 1D,则 EP B E 1BD. EB(2,0,0) , 1(4 ,4 ,3 ),(24 ,4 ,3 )由 PE A1B,得 1,Error! .12此时点 P为 BD1的中点故当点 P为 BD1的中点时, PE A1B.4

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