2018_2019学年八年级数学上册第二章实数2.7二次根式(第3课时)同步练习(新版)北师大版.docx

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1、1二次根式第三课时知能演练提升ZHINENG YANLIAN TISHENG能力提升1.实数 a,b满足 +4a2+4ab+b2=0,则 ba的值为( )a-1A.2 B. C.-2 D.-12 122.已知 x1= ,x2= ,则 的值是 . 3+ 2 3- 2 x21+x223.化简: -2 .13( 108- 412-6 13) ( 18- 273)4.计算:(1) -3 ;1213- 8+15 50(2)(5+ )(5 -2 );6 2 3(3) ;(3 15+35) 5(4) .( 24-3 112+2 223) 225.计算:(1)( )2-2 ;5+ 3 3012(2)( )(2

2、 -2 );12+ 8 3 2(3) +1+ )+ ;2 3( 3- 6 8(4) 3 .3b2b212 2b36.已知 x=1- ,y=1+ ,求 x2+y2-xy-2x+2y的值 .2 2创新应用7.阅读与计算:阅读以下材料,并完成相应的任务 .3斐波那契(约 11701250)是意大利数学家,他研究了一列数,这列数非常奇妙,被称为斐波那契数列(按照一定顺序排列着的一列数称为数列) .后来人们在研究它的过程中,发现了许多意想不到的结果 .在实际生活中,很多花朵(如梅花、飞燕草、万寿菊等)的瓣数恰是斐波那契数列中的数 .斐波那契数列还有很多有趣的性质,在实际生活中也有广泛的应用 .斐波那契数

3、列中的第 n个数可以用 表示(其中 n1),这是用无理数表示有15(1+ 52 )n-(1- 52 )n理数的一个范例 .任务:请根据以上材料,通过计算求出斐波那契数列中的第 1个数和第 2个数 .答案:能力提升1.C 由题意得 +(2a+b)2=0.a-1又因为 0,(2 a+b)20,a-1所以 a-1=0,2a+b=0,得 a=1,b=-2.所以 ba=(-2)1=-2.故选 C.2.10 x1+x2=( )+( )=2 ,3+ 2 3- 2 3x1x2=( )( )=( )2-( )2=1.3+ 2 3- 2 3 2 =(x1+x2)2-2x1x2=(2 )2-21=12-2=10.x

4、21+x22 33.分析 先化简二次根式,再去括号,最后将被开方数相同的二次根式合并 .解 原式 = -213( 336- 92-6 39) ( 216-=2 +2393 ) 3- 22-233 - 22 3=(2 3-233 +2 3)+(- 22- 22)=(2-23+2) 3-(12+12) 2= .1033 - 24.解 (1)原式 =2 -3 -2 5 =2 -2 .333 2+15 2 3- 3 2+ 2= 3- 2(2)解法 1:原式 =25 -10 +5 -22 3 12 18=25 -10 +10 -6 =19 .2 3 3 2 2解法 2:原式 =(5+ )5 -( )2

5、6 2 2 34=(5+ ) (5- )6 2 6=52-( )2 =19 .6 2 2(3)原式 =3 155+3515=3 .3+35=165 3(4)原式 = -3 +224 232 2 83 2= -3 +248 3163=4 -3 .3 3+83 3=113 35.解 (1)原式 =8+2 -2 =8.15 15(2)原式 =( )( )=( )2-( )2=12-8=4.12+ 8 12- 8 12 8(3)原式 = +1+3-3 +2 =4.2 2 2(4)原式 = .3b2 9b2b6= 3b29b2b6= b29=b36.解 x= 1- ,y=1+ ,2 2x-y= (1- )-(1+ )=-2 ,xy=(1- )(1+ )=-1.2 2 2 2 2x 2+y2-xy-2x+2y=(x-y)2-2(x-y)+xy=(-2 )2-2(-2 )+(-1)=7+4 .2 2 2创新应用7.解 第 1个数:当 n=1时,15(1+ 52 )n-(1- 52 )n= =1.15(1+ 52 -1- 52 )= 15 5第 2个数:当 n=2时,15(1+ 52 )n-(1- 52 )n=15(1+ 52 )2-(1- 52 )2=15(1+ 52 +1- 52 )(1+ 52 -1- 52 )= 1 =1.15 5

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