2018_2019学年八年级数学上册第十二章全等三角形12.1全等三角形知能演练提升(新版)新人教版.docx

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1、1第十二章 全等三角形12.1 全等三角形知能演练提升能力提升1.如图,将四边形 ABCD 沿 AC 所在的直线对折后,点 B 与点 D 重合,则图中全等三角形的对数为( ).A.0 B.1 C.2 D.32.如图,若 NMQ MNP,且 MN=8 cm,NP=6 cm,PM=7 cm,则 MQ 的长为( ).A.8 cm B.7 cm C.6 cm D.5 cm3.如图,在 ABC 中, D,E 分别是 AC,BC 上的点 .若 ADB EDC EDB,则 C 的度数是 ( ).A.15 B.20 C.25 D.304.如图, ACB ACB, BCB=30,则 ACA等于 ( ).A.20

2、 B.30 C.35 D.40(第 4 题图)(第 5 题图)25.如图,已知 OAD OBC,且 O=70, C=25,则 AEB 的度数是 . 6.如图, ABD AEC, B 和 E 是对应角, AB 与 AE 是对应边 .求证: BC=ED, BAC= EAD.7.如图, ABC ABD, DAC=90.(1)求 C 的度数;(2)判断 AB 与 CD 的位置关系,并说明理由 .38.如图, ABC ADE, DAC=60, BAE=100,BC,DE 相交于点 F,求 DFB 的度数 .创新应用9 .阅读下面的文字,然后回答相关问题:如图 ,若把 ACD 沿着直线 AC 平行移动,它

3、就能和 CBE 重合,像这种变换图形位置的方法,叫做平移变换;如图 ,若把 ABC 沿着直线 BC 翻折,它就能和 DBC 重合,像这种变换图形位置的方法,叫做翻折(或翻转)变换;如图 ,若把 AOC 绕着点 O 旋转一定的角度,它将与 EOD 重合,像这种变换图形位置的方法,叫做旋转变换 .想一想:(1)如图 ,若 ABC DEF,且点 B 与点 E,点 C 与点 F 是对应顶点,则进行怎样的图形变换可以使这两个三角形重合?(2)如图 ,已知 ABF DCE,点 E 与点 F 是对应顶点,则 DCE 可以看成是由 ABF 通过怎样的图形变换得到的?4参考答案能力提升1.D 因为沿 AC 所在

4、直线对折后,点 B 和点 D 重合,所以 ABP ADP, BCP DCP, ABCADC.2.C 因为 NMQ MNP,所以 MQ 与 NP 是对应边,即 MQ=NP=6 cm.3.D EDB EDC, DEB= DEC=90. ADB EDB, DAB= DEB=90. ADB EDB EDC, C= ABD= CBD=30.4.B ACB 是两个三角形对应角 ACB 和 ACB中的公共部分,运用全等三角形的性质得到 ACB= ACB.所以 ACA= BCB.5.120 因为 OAD OBC,根据全等三角形的性质“对应角相等”,得 D= C=25.根据三角形外角的关系,得 DBE= C+

5、O=25+70=95,所以 AEB= D+ DBE=25+95=120.6.证明 ABD AEC,BD=EC , BAD= EAC.BD-CD=EC-CD , BAD- CAD= EAC- CAD,即 BC=ED, BAC= EAD.7.解 (1)因为 ABC ABD,所以 C= D.因为在 ACD 中, C+ D+ DAC=180,又 DAC=90,所以 C= D= (180-90)=45.12(2)AB CD.理由:因为 ABC ABD,所以 ABC= ABD.又 ABC+ ABD=180,所以 ABC=90.所以 AB CD.8.解 ABC ADE, B= D, BAC= DAE.又 BAD= BAC- CAD, CAE= DAE- CAD, BAD= CAE. DAC=60, BAE=100, BAD= ( BAE- DAC)=20.12 B= D, AGB= FGD,5 DFB= BAD=20.创新应用9.解 (1)先将 ABC 沿着直线 BF 平移,使点 B 与点 E 重合,点 C 与点 F 重合,再将此三角形沿着 EF翻折便能与 DEF 重合 .(2)先将 ABF 沿着直线 BC 平移,使点 F 与点 E 重合,再将此三角形绕着点 E 逆时针旋转 180,便可得到 DCE.(答案均不唯一)

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