2018年中考化学真题分类汇编2我们身边的物质考点14酸碱盐和氧化物11侯氏制碱法(无答案).doc

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1酸碱盐和氧化物(18 长春)8侯氏制碱法的生产过程涉及如下反应:NH 3+CO2+NaCl+X=NaHCO3 +NH 4Cl,2NaHCO3 Na2CO3+CO2+H 2O。下列说法错误的是AX 的化学式为 H2OBNaHCO 3受热易分解CCO 2和 Na2CO3中碳元素的化合价不同DNaHCO 3分解产生的 CO2可以回收再利用(18 潍坊)24(9 分)(9 分)侯德榜是我国著名的化学家,发明了侯氏制碱法,为纯碱和氮肥工业技术的发展作出了杰出的贡献。工业上以半水煤气(主要成分是N2、H 2、CO、CO 2和 H2O)、食盐等为原料制取纯碱的流程如下:(1)流程中循环利用的物质有 H2O和 。(2)步骤中,在使用铜催化剂和加热条件下,半水煤气主要成分间发生反应实现了 CO转化,化学方程式是 。(3)实验室从混合气体 H2、N 2、CO 2中分离出 CO2的实验装置如图所示。广口瓶和分液瀾斗中盛放的药品分别是 、 。(4)除去纯碱中少量碳酸氯钠杂质的方法是 。2(5)纯碱用途广泛。工业上可用废碱渣(主要成分 Na2CO3)吸收硫酸厂尾气中的 SO2制备无水 Na2SO3,达到减少污染、节约资源的目的。反应过程中溶液组成变化如图 2所示。吸收初期(图中 3A点以前)反应的化学方程式为 。不断通入 SO2,最终产物是 。

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