1、1Unit 4 Helping people around the world李仕才一、阅读理解。When its five oclock，people leave their office.The length of the workday，for many workers，is defined by time.They leave when the clock tells them theyre done.These days，the time is everywhere：not just on clocks or watches，but on cellphones and compute
2、rs.That may be a bad thing，particularly at work.New research shows that clockbased work schedules hinder morale(士气)and creativity.Clocktimers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example：a meeting from 9 am.to 10 am.，research from 10 am.to noon，etc.On the other hand，tasktimers have
3、a list of things they want to accomplish.They work down the list；each task starts when the previous task is completed.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What，then，are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways？Does one make us more productive？Bette
4、r at the tasks at hand？Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and AnneLaure Sellier，they had participants organize different activitiesfrom project planning，holiday shopping，to yogaby time or todo list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs.“task time”They found clocktimers to
5、 be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives.Tasktimers are happier and more creative，but less productive.They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening，and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that taskbased organizing tends t
6、o be undervalued and undersupported in business culture.Smart companies，they believe，will try to bake more taskbased planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office，but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the econ
7、omy：work organized by clock time.While most people will still probably need，and be，to some extent，clocktimers，taskbased timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity.Itll make those 2tasks easier，and the taskdoers will be happier.1What is the way people often do
8、their work according to the author?AThey give priority to the most urgent task on hand.BThey set a time limit for each specific task.CThey combine clockbased and taskbased planning.DThey accomplish their tasks one by one.2What did the researchers find in their experiments on clocktimers?AThey tend t
9、o be more productive.BThey seize opportunities as they come up.CThey always get their work done in time.DThey have more control over their lives.3What is the researchers opinion about todays business culture?AIt does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.BIt attaches more importance
10、to work efficiency than to workers lives.CIt aims to bring employees potential and creativity into full play.DIt does not lay enough emphasis on taskbased practice.4From the passage，we can conclude that _.Ait is important to keep a balance between work and lifeBtaskbased timing is preferred for doin
11、g creative workCperforming creative jobs tends to make workers happierDa scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation【解题导语】本文是一篇对时钟型和任务型两种工作方式的研究报告。【难句分析】While most people will still probably need，and be，to some extent，clocktimers，taskbased timing should be used when they are performing a
12、 job that requires more creativity.分析：本句中 While引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然” ，相当于 although；when they are performing a job是 when引导的时间状语从句；that requires more creativity是一个定语从句，先行词是 a job。译文：虽然大多数人仍然很可能在某种程度上需要或者成为时钟计时型的人，但是他们在做需要更多创造力的工作时还是应当使用任务型的时间安排。1C 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It is said that all of us employ a mix of bo
13、th these types of planning”可知，人们采用了这两种方式的复合型工作方式，因此选项 C“他们把时钟型和任务型的计划结合起来”是正确的。选项 A、B 和 D的信息在文中无处可寻，所以都是错误的。give priority to.意为“给以优先考虑” ；on hand3意为“在手边” ；set a time limit for.意为“给设定时限” 。2A 考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“They found clocktimers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over
14、 their lives.Tasktimers are happier and more creative，but less productive”可知，采用时钟计时型工作方式的人效率更高，采用任务计时型工作方式的人更开心，但是效率较低。所以选 A。3D 考查推理判断。根据第五段首句“The researchers argue that taskbased organizing tends to be undervalued and undersupported in business culture”可知，研究人员认为任务型的工作方式在商业文化中往往被低估并且缺乏支持。故选项D“它(商业文化
15、)没有充分强调任务型的实践”正确。4B 考查推理判断。根据末段中的“taskbased timing should be used when they are performing a job that requires more creativity”可知，在做需要更多创造力的工作时还是应当使用任务型的工作方式。故选 B项。根据第四段中的“Tasktimers are happier and more creative, but less productive”和末段的末句“Itll make those tasks easier, and the taskdoers will be hap
16、pier”可知，文中讲述的是采用任务计时型工作方式的人更开心，且更有创造力，但并不意味着做有创造力的工作会让人们更开心，所以选项 C是错误的；选项 A和 D的内容在文中没有提及，是主观臆断，因此也是错误的。二、单项填空1.Nowadays, few people develop the habit of keeping a supply of oil-lamps in the house in case of power_.A. failure B. absence C. lack D. drop【答案】C【解析】 句意： 如今， 很少有人为了防能源短缺， 养成保存油灯供应的习惯。 lack
17、缺少； failure 失败； absence缺席；drop 落下。故 C 正确。2.Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _ importance are skills.A. fair B. reasonable C. equal D. proper【答案】C【解析】 句意： 强健的身体在体育运动中很重要， 但是至少同样重要的还有体育技能。 fair 公平的； reasonable4合理的；equal 相等的，平等的；proper 合适的。3.Most of the people present at the meeting think
18、 poorly of the proposal, which they think will _ theworsening of the environment.A. adapt to B. refer to C. subscribe to D. contribute to【答案】D【解析】句意：大多数与会者都不看好这一提议，他们认为它会导致环境的恶化。contribute to“导致，是的原因之一” ，符合句意。adapt to 适应；refer to 参与，指的是；subscribe to 订阅，赞同。4.A great part of the information I have was
19、 _ by looking up something and finding something else on theway.A. requested B. acquired C. exchanged D. presented【答案】B【解析】requested 要求；acquired 获得；exchanged 交换；presented 提出，提供。句意：我的大部分知识都是这样获得的：在寻找某个资料时意外的获得了另外的资料。5.Chinese president Xi Jinpin said that China attaches great importance to _ relation
20、s with the UnitedKingdom, and that deepening the China-U.K. relationship is the fundamental _ of both countries andpeople.A. strengthening; benefits B. extending; profitsC. expanding; interests D. developing; aspects【答案】C【解析】句意：中国国家主席习近平说中国注重发展与英国的关系，同时加深中英关系也是两国及其人们的根本利益所在。第一空：strengthen 加强；extend
21、延伸，expand 扩张，发展；develop 发展。5第二空上：benefits 好处，益处；profits 利润；interests 利益；aspects 方面。6.Must I finish the report tonight?Its not _. You can do it next week.A. important B. serious C. urgent D. nervous【答案】C【解析】important 重要的；serious 严肃的，认真的；urgent 紧急的；nervous 紧张的。句意：我必须今晚完成报告吗？不着急。你可以下周做。7.As there is le
22、ss coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of _ energy, such assunlight, wind, and water for power and fuel.A. primary B. alternative C. instant D. unique【答案】B【解析】primary 初级的；alternative 可供选择的；instant 立刻的；unique 独特的。句意：由于煤和油较少，科学家们正在探索更好的办法来利用可供选择的能源，如太阳能，风和风能来发电。8.Every possib
23、le means _, but it seems that nothing will prevent the situation from getting worse.A. has tried B. have tried C. has been tried D. have been tried【答案】C【解析】every possible means 每一种可能的方法，谓语动词应用单数形式，且 means 与 try 之间为动宾关系，故 C 项正确。句意：每一种可能的方法都被试过了，但好像没有什么能阻止这种状况的每况愈下。9.Now that the banks are back on the
24、ir feet, we expect extraordinary _ from them to help rebuild theeconomy.A. commitment B. appointment C. instrument D. requirement【答案】A6【解析】 commitment 承诺， 许诺； appointment 任命， 约会， 职务， 职位； instrument 仪器， 乐器； requirement要求。句意：现在，银行业恢复了往日的神采，我们希望银行能够做出重大承诺来帮助重振国家的经济。10.Many people have applied for a job
25、 with our company, but we only have one or two _ positions at themoment.A. empty B. vacant C. permanent D. adequate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词。empty 空的，空洞的，空闲的，无效的；vacant 空闲的，空虚的，空缺的；permanent永久的；adequate 充分的。句意：许多人申请我们公司的岗位，但是我们目前仅仅有一两个空缺的岗位。故答案选 B。11.In our childhood, we were often _ by Grandma to pay attentio
26、n to our table manners.A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped【答案】B【解析】demand 命令；remind 提醒；allow 允许；hope 希望。句意：在我们小时候，奶奶经常提醒我们注意餐桌礼仪。12.It was foolish of him to _ his notes while taking such an easy test, and as a result, he got punished.A. refer to B. speak of C. cheat in D. take out【答案】A【解析】re
27、fer to 提到，谈到，查阅，参考；speak of 谈到，讲到；take out 清除，获取，把带出去，邀请(某人)外出。句意：对他来说在这样简单的考试中看笔记本真是愚蠢。结果他受到了惩罚。713.When I was in high school, Dad retired and _ a food stand on the street near my school.A. took up B. set up C. brought up D. picked up【答案】B【解析】set up 建立，搭建。take up 从事；bring up 提出；pick up 拾起，学会。句意：我上高
28、中时爸爸退休了，在我学校附近的街上摆了一个食品摊。14.Why havent you finished your work?The computer system _ suddenly when I was searching for information on the Internet.A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in【答案】A【解析】句意：“你为什么没有完成你的工作的啊？” “当我在网上搜索信息的时候，电脑系统突然出毛病了。 ”break down 发生故障，符合句意。15.You know, he doesnt _ m
29、oney. His unhappiness is for _ courage to face the fact.A. lack of, lack B. lack, lack of C. lack, shortage of D. lack of, a shortage of【答案】B【解析】lack 作及物动词时，后面直接跟名词；for lack of 意为“缺少” ，其中 lack 为名词。句意：你是知道的，他并不缺钱。他的不快乐是因为缺乏面对现实的勇气。16.Do you think he is the only person for the job?Im not quite sure bu
30、t hell prove _ to the task.A. equal B. essential C. special D. superior【答案】A【解析】equal 相当的，(力量、勇气、能力等方面)能胜任的；essential 重要的，本质的；special 特别的，专门的；superior 优秀的。be equal to (doing) sth.“能胜任” 。句意：“你认为他是8这个工作的唯一人选吗？” “我不十分肯定。但他终会胜任这份工作的。 ”17.The success of Beijing Olympic Games _ the growth of economy in Ch
31、ina.A. refers to B. sticks to C. appeals to D. contributes to【答案】D【解析】refer to 参考；stick to 坚持；appeal to 吸引；contribute to 有助于。句意：北京奥运会的成功举办有助于中国经济的增长。18.As more of Chinas growing legions of millionaires _ acquire a taste for fine wine , their demand looksset to maintain the momentum of rising prices
32、for some years to come.A. require B. absorb C. acquire D. attain【答案】D【解析】acquire a taste for sth.喜欢，青睐。句意：随着越来越多的中国百万富翁对红酒的青睐，这种需求基本上保证了未来几年红酒价格上涨的势头。三、完形填空。I started serving the homeless when I was eight years old. I didnt know these people would make such a big difference in my 1 Twice a month I g
33、o to the church and help get things ready for 2 . When the gate is opened，people come in 3 to get drinks. They take their seats while breakfast is 4 ， and then we begin to 5 . We each take two plates and carry them 6 the line as the plates are 7 . Each person receives several kinds of foods. I walk
34、to the tables and 8 the plates before them. After Ive served them，I ask if they need 9 else and bring them whatever they ask for.When I first started serving，I was a little 10 . At first I stayed close to my mom most of the time，but after I got to know these strangers，I 11 that they were friendly pe
35、ople. And the 12 of them was often nicer than the outside.I realized that there was no 13 to be scared. After serving for a few 9months，I started to 14 seeing the same people each week.All of these people make my day much 15 . The past two years has made a big 16 in my life. I do this 17 it is the r
36、ight thing to do. When I serve people，I want them to know that someone 18 them and that they matter. Serving makes me happy, but even more 19 ，it teaches me to love and 20 others and helps make the world a better place.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。 “我”通过自己八岁跟随妈妈到教堂做慈善活动的亲身经历，感悟到了人生的意义。1A.study BworkCfamily Dlife
37、D 解析：首先空处所在句是全文的主旨句，又根据文章最后一段第二句可知，这些人对“我”的人生(life)产生了巨大的影响。故选 D项。2A.breakfast BbrunchClunch DdinnerA 解析：根据下文的 breakfast可知，此处应该是为早餐(breakfast)做准备工作。故选A项。3A.secretly BquicklyCslowly DseparatelyB 解析：根据生活常识可知，肯定是快速地(quickly)进教堂来取饮料。故选 B项。4A.ordered BenjoyedCprepared DtastedC 解析：根据空处所在句句意可知，我们准备早饭时，他们坐下
38、来。故选 C项。5A.eat BserveCleave DtryB 解析：根据第一段的“I started serving the homeless”可知，我们侍候无家可归者，为他们提供饭菜。故选 B项。6A.before BbeyondCabove DalongD 解析：此处表示：我们每个人拿两个盘子，沿着座位给他们端上食物。before“在面前” ；beyond“超出的范围” ；above“在上方” ；along“沿着旁边” 。故选D项。7A.emptied BwashedCfilled DdriedC 解析：根据句意可知，当盘子被盛满(filled)食物的时候我们才把盘子端给无家可归者。
39、10故选 C项。8A.make BsetCfix DshowB 解析：根据空前的“I walk to the tables”可知， “我”应该是把盘子放置(set)在他们的餐桌上。故选 B项。9A.nothing BeverythingCwhat DanythingD 解析：根据空处所在句句意可知， “我”询问他们是否还有其他需要。故选 D项。10A.surprised BembarrassedCscared DpuzzledC 解析：根据上下文可知，刚开始时“我”有点害怕(scared)。下文的“to be scared”也是提示。11A.realized BadmittedCclaimed
40、 DsworeA 解析：根据语境可知，随着“我”对这些人的深入了解， “我”意识到他们是友善的。realize“意识到” ；admit“承认” ；claim“声称” ；swear“发誓” 。故选 A项。12A.past BinsideCsurface DfrontB 解析：根据空后的“nicer than the outside”可知，空处应用 outside的反义词inside。故选 B项。13A.way BdoubtCreason DwonderC 解析：根据语境可知，这些人都很友好， “我”没有理由(reason)感到害怕。故选 C项。14A.get tired of Btake cha
41、rge ofCget down to Dlook forward toD 解析：根据上文“我”情感的变化可知，做了几个月后， “我”每周都期待(look forward to)与这些人见面。get tired of“对厌倦，厌烦” ；take charge of“负责” ；get down to“着手” 。故选 D项。15A.better BfurtherCbusier DeasierA 解析：根据上文“我”每周期待与这些人见面可推知， “我”的生活每周因他们变得更好(better)。故选 A项。16A.success Bdifference11Cprofit DfortuneB 解析：此句与
42、文章第一段第二句中的“make such a big difference”呼应，故选 B项。17A.because BifConce DthoughA 解析：根据上下文逻辑关系可知，空处前后有因果关系。故选 A项。18A.relies on Bgoes afterCcares about Dlooks forC 解析：care about“在乎，关心” ；rely on“依靠，依赖” ；go after“追求，追逐” ；look for“寻找” 。此处表示“我想让他们知道有人关心他们并且他们很重要” 。故选 C项。19A.necessarily BinterestinglyChonestly
43、 DimportantlyD 解析：importantly “重要地” ，necessarily “必要地” ，interestingly “有趣地” ；honestly “诚实地” 。根据空前的“Serving makes me happy, but even more”可知，importantly更符合语境，故选 D项。20A.respect BforgiveCinspire DprotectA 解析：forgive“原谅” ；inspire“激发” ；protect“保护” 。由语境可知，只有respect符合，故选 A项。四、短文改错。May I have you attention，
44、please？I had something important to tell you.Our school will organize a visit the National Museum of China on Saturday morning，December 10.The National Museum of China，where lies to the east of Tiananmen Square，covers an area of about 70，000 square meter.We will gather at a school gate and starting
45、out at 7：30 in the morning.Our visit starts at 8 oclock but it will last three hours.Please take up your notebooks and pens with you.In addition，during the visit，please keep quietly.Do remember 7：30，Saturday morning at the school gate.Thats all.Thank you.答案：May I have attention，please？I something im
46、portant to tell youyour hadhave12you.Our school will organize a visit the National Museum of China on to Saturday morning，December 10.The National Museum of China， lies to the wherewhicheast of Tiananmen Square，covers an area of about 70，000 square .We metermeterswill gather at school gate and out at 7：30 in the morning.Our athe startingstartvisit starts at 8 oclock it will last three hours.Please take your butand upnotebooks and pens with you.In addition，during the visit，please keep .quietlyquietDo remember 7：30，Saturday morning at the school gate.Thats all.Thank you.
