1、12019版高考英语阅读理解一轮练题（6）李仕才APersuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience th
2、at he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.Pathos is a speakers way of
3、 connecting with an audiences emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an anim
4、al charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your cl
5、aims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you t
6、o lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.1.What is the purpose of persuasion?A. To advise somebody to support you.B. To help someone have special skillC. To convince somebody to realize his aim.D. To talk someone into being honest.22.What is a speakers way
7、 of convincing the audience to trust him?A. Pathos. B. Ethos.C. Logos. D. Education.3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.B. Both save people from terrible wars.C. Both make the audience support them.D. Both persuade people to donate m
8、oney.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Convince the Audience B. Three Basic Tools of PersuasionC. Believe Me D. Strength of Persuasion【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括 ethos、pathos、logos 三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasion is to conv
9、ince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选 A。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from aterrible war.”和最后一句“Simi
10、larly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支持他们。故选 C。34.B 【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍
11、了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos 三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断 B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选 B。B(2017山西太原模拟一)Junot Diaz,The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar WaoThe winner in Culture critics survey is Junot Diazs first novel,about a bookworm called Oscar,who dreams of finding love.It also was named as th
12、e number-one book by most critics.“It is a big deal for me to fall in love with a book whose topic is science fiction,fantasy and imagination,” says Elizabeth Taylor,the Chicago Tribunes literary editor.Edward P.Jones,The Known WorldSet in 1855 on the plantation of Henry Townsendborn a slave,now a s
13、lave-ownerThe Known World is a success,leading readers into a complex moral time without making simple judgments.Facing an early death,Townsend thinks about the future of his 50-acre Virginia plantation and the slaves he treats the way his former owner,now his teacher,taught him.Hilary Mantel,Wolf H
14、all4Mantels boldly reimagined legend of 16th Century Europe,told from the point of Thomas Cromwell,winning the Man Booker and National Book Critics Circle awards,was adapted to the stage and has been filmed as a new BBC miniseries(短剧).Mary Ann Gwinn,Seattle Times book editor writes,“I have never fel
15、t so completely buried into a characters mind,not to mention a long ago and far-away place.”Marilynne Robinson,GileadRev John Ames,a small town minister,describes his life and anti-slavery tradition to his young son in beautiful language in this first part of Robinsons trilogy(along with Home and Li
16、la).“ I cant think of a living novelist who writes more seriously and profoundly about religious faith,which has become an almost forbidden topic in modern literature,” writes Dawn Raffel,who ranked Gilead first on her list.Critic Karen R.Long says,“ This multi-generational story tells a desire for
17、transcendence(超越),and makes a case for spiritual life in the 21st centuryits own kind of miracle.Gilead will be read in 100 years.”1.What can we learn from the passage?A.Oscar likes reading books. B.Townsend worked in a church.C.Rev John Ames likes farming. D.Thomas Cromwell won an Oscar Award.2.Wha
18、t does Mary Ann Gwinn think of the book “Wolf Hall”?A.She thinks its too dull. 5B.She doesnt like the character in the book.C.She thinks its fascinating. D.She doesnt like some contents in the book.3.Which of the following books will have a far-reaching influence in the future?A.Gilead.B.Wolf Hall.C
19、.The Known World.D.The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao.1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 a bookworm called Oscar 以及第三句“It is a big deal for me to fall in love with a book whose topic is science fiction,fantasy and imagination.”可知 Oscar 是书虫,热爰读书。2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I have never felt so completely buried into a charac
20、ters mind,not to mention a long ago and far-away place.”可知,Mary Ann Gwinn认为自己从来没有如此沉迷于一本书,可知她认为这本书是很吸引人的。3.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知这本书将会在未来的 100年中继续被阅读,所以此书对未来有深远的影响。CMore over smart phone, the intelligent watch is about to take your spot as the latest hitech current, allowing wearers to glance at message
21、s and even take calls without touching their phones. The im Watch, available since 2011, is the flagship product of an Italian companyim. This smart watch is an assist to the smart phone, with which it can communicate by Bluetooth wireless technology. It means you can leave your phone in your pocket
22、 as you answer or reject a call, review emails or read updates from friends on Twitter or Facebook.The im Watch also has its own applications, such as im Sport, which links with a heart rate detector (检测器) to allow a runner to check his pulse. Such functions already exist in specialized sports watch
23、es but not on watches that are linked to smart phones.With a square shape, a 3.8centimeter touch screen and various colors, the im Watch sells for a minimum of 300 Euros ($390) for the basic model and prices climb to 16 000 Euros for a luxury model in silver or decorated with diamonds.So far, the wa
24、tch has already found 30 000 buyers, 80 percent of whom are men 6aged 25 to 50. “Seventy percent are iPhone users, 25 percent Samsung and the rest are other telephones using Googles Android operating system， ” said Massimiliano Bertolini, a manager of the company, which aims to sell more than 200 00
25、0 watches this year. The companys target market is the person who is always glued to his smart phone, even in meetings or at the movies, or people who wish to keep an eye on their heartbeat during exercise. They will especially target women with advertisements emphasizing its design rather than its
26、technology.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款最新的智能手表。1The text is meant to _.Aadvertise a handheld deviceBshow an example of hightechCintroduce a new type of watchDcompare the phone with the watch答案：C 写作意图题。根据文章第一段第一句“More over smart phone, the intelligent watch is about to take your spot as the latest hitech cu
27、rrent.”和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍最新的科技产品：智能手表，故答案 C符合文义。2Which of the following best describes the im Watch?AEconomical. BTypical.CMultifunctional. DTraditional.答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后两句“This smart watch is an assist to the smart phone. review emails or read updates from friends on Twitter or Facebook.”可推知，文中介
28、绍的智能手表是多功能的，故答案 C符合文义。3Why is the im Watch superior to other specialized sports watches?AIt provides a better service.BIt is linked to smart phones.CIt has a heart rate detector.DIt owns fancy appearance.答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Such functions already exist in specialized sports watches but not on wat
29、ches that are linked to smart phones.”可知，答案 B符合文义。4Which group of people may be attracted by the im Watch?ASports lovers having smart phones.BWomen preferring advertisements.7CPeople using Android system.DiPhone users seeking convenience.答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“Seventy percent are iPhone users.”可知，答案
30、 D符合文义。5What can we learn about the im Watch according to the text?AIt can control a runners pulse.BIt has a wide range of prices.CIt can replace the smart phones.DIt is popular among teenagers.答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“a minimum of 300 Euros. to 16 000 Euros. with diamonds.”可推知，根据 im Watch这款智能表的款式和材质不
31、同，它的售价有很大的范围，故答案 B符合文义。D(2017福建福州适应性练习)No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972.Now,after more than four decades of inactivity,interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again.But who will get there first?CHINAOn 14 December,2013,China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit r
32、over (探测车)on the Moon.It is now working on its next exploration mission.Named Change 4,the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018.If successful,it will be the first landing on the Moons far side.RUSSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030.It is currently wor
33、king on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon,exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站).8INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandrayaan-1 in 2008,India announced a follow-on mission.Chandrayaan-2 wa
34、s meant to cooperate with Russia.But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013,India decided to go it alone.Chandrayaan-2 is about to be sent up in 2018.The USAIn December 2018,NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1,an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in
35、which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to the Earth.All being well,a crewed capsule will follow in 2023.Should the mission prove a success,the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.1.What will China do in
36、 its next space mission?A.Improve its Jade Rabbit rover.B.Work with other countries.C.Land Change 4 on the Moon.D.Explore the south pole of the Moon.2.Why did India try to carry out its follow-on mission alone?A.It couldnt find a partner.B.It didnt get the lander as planned.C.The Russians refused to
37、 work with India.D.It planned to launch Chandrayaan-2 in advance.3.Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?A.Russia. B.China.C.India.D.The US A.4.What can we know from the text?A.Russia has built a human outpost on the Moon.B.China will be the first to see the far side of the Moon.C.The
38、 USA will send a crewed capsule to the Moon in the future.9D.Humans have kept active in exploring the Moon since 1972.1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,嫦娥四号将在 2018年底降落在月球 Aitken Basin地区。据此可知,中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月,故 C项正确。2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知,由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器,故印度决定自己实施登月计划,故 B项正确。3.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知,当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程,其思路是登
39、陆器将探索月球的南极,寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故 A项正确。4.C 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“All being well,a crewed capsule will follow in 2023.”可知,如果一切顺利,美国将于 2023年发送载人太空舱登月,据此可知,美国将在未来实施载人登月计划,故 C项正确。EGood health is the most valuable thing a person can have. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to b
40、e healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.Proper nutrition (营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”.Dont eat too much food with lots of
41、sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质), like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However, dont overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If
42、you dont get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality (个性). Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and r
43、efreshed, and your mind will be sharp.Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise makes the body strong and prevents you from putting on weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow 10a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span(寿命).Any kind of exercise is good
44、. Most sports are very good for keeping the body in good shape: basketball, swimming,bicycling, running and so on,are good examples.Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly
45、, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.1.The passage mainly tells us that . A.how we can keep fitB.why health is important for usC.nutrition is important for healthD.sleep is more important than nutrition and exercise答案:A解析:主旨大意题。短文第一段最后一句是本文
46、的主题句“Therearethreethingsthatapersoncandotohelpstayingoodshape:eatrightfood,getenoughsleep,andexerciseregularly.”。2.In order to keep good health, . A.we should eat a lot of sweetsB.one needs a large amount of fatC.people should eat according to the foods nutritionD.we must try to sleep now and then答案:C解析:推理判断题。由第二段可推知,要想保持健康,注意事项的其中之一是必须根据食物的营养来吃。3.Eating more and sleeping less . A.can help keep healthyB.are no good for youC.get you more energyD.will keep your personality答案:B11解析:推理判断题。由第二段和第三段可知,吃得过多和睡得太少对身体没有好处。
