2019高考地理总复习自然地理第一章第三节等值线专题学案新人教版必修1.doc

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1第 3 节 等值线专题【等值线专题】(一)等值线描述1.描述某一特定线条:如年等降水量线:可从走向、延伸方向去考虑。如果等值线有拐点,就要分段描述。2.描述多条线状地理事物的总体分布特点。描述其分布特点、数值变化趋势,可从极值(最大值、最小值)、疏密、延伸方向(走向)、弯曲方向等。【描述语言】描述可以从延伸方向和弯曲凹凸来描述。其中描述延伸方向可用:沿纬线(东西)方向;沿经线(南北)方向;沿河流;沿地形;沿海岸等等。描述弯曲凹凸可以用:向低纬突(凸)出;向高纬突(凸)出;向南凸;向北凸;向高海拔;向低海拔;向河流上游;向河流下游等描述地形特征:【重中之技巧】等值线的弯曲及疏密要素变化判读技巧:1、等值线发生弯曲,要判断出向哪边弯曲:向数值变大的方向弯曲,说明其弯曲中心比两边数值要小,从而推测较小的原因;向数值变小的方向弯曲,说明其弯曲中心比两边数值要大,从而推测较大的原因;2、等值线疏密的原因:地形类型平原、高原、山地、丘陵、盆地类型(复杂)多样或单一(地形以为主) ;主要分布在地形区地势 高、低地势低、地势自向倾斜;地形崎岖(平坦)或地面起伏大(小)海岸线 平直、曲折海岸线平直;海岸线曲折,多半岛、岛屿等特殊地貌喀斯特地貌发育、冰川地貌发育、风力地貌发育多火山(位于板块交界处,多火山地震)2等值线稀疏,说明其单位事物的变化率较小;等值线密集,说明其单位事物的变化率较大;

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