2019高考物理二轮复习实验题专项训练8分钟精准训练4.doc

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1、18 分钟精准训练(四)1(8 分)(2018山东省青岛市高三下学期模拟)某同学用如图所示的装置,研究细绳对小车的拉力做功与小车动能变化的关系。通过改变动滑轮下所挂钩码的个数可以改变细绳对小车的拉力,实验所用钩码质量均为 m。(1)关于本实验,下列说法正确的是_D_A实验时,小车应靠近打点计时器,先释放小车后,再接通电源,打出一条纸带,同时记录弹簧秤的示数B本实验不需要平衡摩擦力C实验过程中,动滑轮和所挂钩码所受的重力等于弹簧秤示数的 2 倍D实验中不需要满足所挂钩码的总质量远小于小车的质量(2)某次实验时,所挂钩码的个数为 2 个,记录的弹簧秤示数为 F,小车质量为 M,所得到的纸带如图所示

2、相邻计数点间的时间间隔为 T,两相邻计数点间的距离分别为S1、 S2、 S3、 S4,该同学分析小车运动过程中的 BD 段,在操作正确的情况下应该有等式 F(S2 S3) M( )2 M( )2_成立。12 S3 S42T 12 S1 S22T解析 (1)实验时,小车应靠近打点计时器,先接通电源,再释放小车后,打出一条纸带,同时记录弹簧秤的示数,故 A 错误;探究外力做功与速度变化关系的实验,要求合力为拉力,所以要平衡摩擦力,故 B 错误;实验过程中,根据牛顿第二定律可知 a,动滑轮和所挂钩码所受的重力大于弹簧秤示数的 2 倍,故 C 错误;拉力可以由弹mg 2Fm簧测力计测出,不需要满足所

3、挂钩码的总质量远小于小车的总质量,故 D 正确;(2) 小车运动过程中的 BD 段合力做功为 W F(S2 S3),动能的变化量E k mv mv M( )2 M( )2,所以操作正确的情况下应该有等式12 2D 12 2B 12 S3 S42T 12 S1 S22TF(S2 S3) M( )2 M( )2。12 S3 S42T 12 S1 S22T2(10 分)(2018山东省青岛市二模)某实验探究小组利用半偏法测量电压表内阻,2实验室提供了下列实验器材:A待测电压表 V(量程为 3 V,内阻约为 3000 )B电阻箱 R1(最大阻值为 9999.9 )C滑动变阻器 R2(最大阻值为 10 ,额定电流为 2 A)D电源 E(电动势为 6 V,内阻不计)E开关两个,导线若干(1)虚线框内为探究小组设计的部分测量电路,请你补画完整;答案:如图所示(2)根据设计的电路图,连接好实验电路,进行实验操作,请你补充完善下面操作步骤。首先闭合开关 S1、S 2,调节滑动变阻器 R2的滑片,使电压表达到满偏;保持_ R2的滑片位置_不变,断开开关_ S2_(选填“S 1”或“S 2”),调节_ R1_的阻值,使电压表示数达到半偏,读取并记录此时电阻箱的阻值 R0;(3)实验测出的电压表内阻 R 测 _ R0_,它与电压表内阻的真实值 RV相比, R 测_RV (选填“” 、 “”或“RV。

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