1、1选修 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity李仕才一、阅读理解AAn apple a day keeps the doctor away is a popular saying in the United States. It may be a common saying, but it is not scientifically confirmed. However, a new study adds to evidence that suggests taking a small amount of aspirin can help keep the doctor aw
2、ay.Peter Elwood is with Cardiff Universitys School of Medicine in Britain. Forty years ago, he was involved in the first study to explore the effects of aspirin on the prevention of heart disease. Elwoods team examined 47 studies for evidence that aspirin helped cancer patients. They found theres fa
3、irly consistent evidence of a 15 to 20 percent reduction in death and a reduction in cancers spread, by low dose(剂量) aspirin. By low dose, he means 81 milligrams. The study followed cancer patients for five years. Elwood says the evidence is strong that aspirin delays death among cancer patients.Elw
4、oods team are excited to have this evidence from the study. Elwood adds that it is not a cure but a small sign of better things to come, what he calls a little hope and encouragement. If you asked me personally what I would do if doctors told me I had cancer, I would say I would have no hesitation i
5、n taking it. But I do not recommend it to people. I want them to have the evidence and make their own decisions.The only major risk is that aspirin can cause stomach bleeding. But Elwood says it usually does not cause death. He adds that the evidence points to big health benefits of taking a daily a
6、spirin. So, for some people, the pros might overweigh the cons.1. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 1?A. Patients should eat apples.B. Apples are popular with Americans.2C. Aspirin can be good for health.D. Doctors should use aspirin instead of apples.2. What does Elwood suggest peop
7、le do?A. The less aspirin, the better.B. Dont delay in taking aspirin.C. Taking aspirin is a better way to cure cancer.D. Make decisions in the best interest of their own.3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. Aspirin is the best cure for cancer.B. Taking aspirin wont kill
8、 in the long run.C. Taking aspirin does more good than harm.D. The side effect of taking aspirin is strong.【语篇解读】文章介绍每天服用少量的阿司匹林对健康有好处，可以延缓癌症病人的死亡。2.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子Elwood可知，Elwood 建议人们按照对自己有最大益 处的方式做决定。故选 D。3.C【解析】推理判断题。文章最后一段介绍服用阿司匹林会导致胃部出血，但是结合句子He adds that the evidence points to big health
9、 benefits of taking a daily aspirin.每天服用一点阿司匹林对健康有很大好处， 可知，下文的 the pros might overweigh the cons意为：服用阿司匹林的好处大于坏处，故选 C。BSince 1985, Johnny Jennings, 86, has been selling newspapers and magazines to a recycling center with his son. By the time Jennings only child was 17, he stopped joining his father.
10、 Even though his son is all grown up now, Jennings hasnt slowed down his efforts. In fact, he has turned his recycling money into something bigger.The Ringgold, Georgia native visits local churches and businesses to collect paper, which he brings to a recycling center for money. But instead of putti
11、ng those earnings in his own bank account, he sends every dollar to 3Georgia Baptist Childrens Homes & Family Ministries. Once a year, hell give the organization a check somewhere between $10,000 and $35,000. By 2016, that tallied up to $400,000.These days, Jennings recycling has turned into a commu
12、nity effort. After he has made his own rounds recycling paper from businesses and churches, hell find more items waiting for him at home. Community members drop off other recyclables at his house so he can sell them, along with books, food, clothes, and other items to give away.Recycling centers typ
13、ically pay just onehalf to three cents per pound of paper, but Jennings visits have added up the big time. In 2016 alone, he sold more than 400,000 pounds of paper and 51,000 aluminum cans (铝罐), and collected more than 32,000 pennies. Over the course of 32 years he has recycled more than 9.8 million
14、 pounds of paper, saving an estimated 79,000 trees in the process.Jennings says hell continue raising money for charity as long as his health allows.【文章大意】 本章讲述了乐于助人的 Johnny Jennings常年回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的故事。【难句分析】The Ringgold, Georgia native visits local churches and businesses to collect paper, which he b
15、rings to a recycling center for money.(第二段第一句)分析：这是一个主从复合句。句中 which引导非限制性定语从句。译文：这个佐治亚州 Ringgold市的本地人去当地的教堂和企业收集废纸，带到废品回收中心换钱。背景知识：佐治亚州(Georgia，简称 GA)，美国东南部 7个州之一。北界田纳西州和北卡罗来纳州，南邻佛罗里达州，东北与南卡罗来纳州接壤，东南临大西洋，西毗亚拉巴马州，州府是亚特兰大。1How old was Johnny Jennings when he started recycling?A17. B32.C54. D86答案与解析：C
16、考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Since 1985, Johnny Jennings, 86, has been selling newspapers and magazines to a recycling center with his son.”和第四段中的“Over the course of 32 years he has recycled”可知，Johnny Jennings开始回收废旧物品时应该是 54岁。42The underlined word “tallied” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_”Aadded Blooked Cmade Dm
17、ixed答案与解析：A 考查词义猜测。根据该词所在句及前一句“Once a year, hell give the organization a check somewhere between $10,000 and $35,000. By 2016, that tallied up to $400,000”中的数据可知，tallied 意为：计算总数。所以 A项正确。3What is community members attitude towards Johnny Jennings?AUnclear. BDoubtful.CTolerant. DSupportive.答案与解析：D 考查推
18、理判断。根据第三段中的“Community members drop off other recyclables at his house so he can sell them, along with books, food, clothes, and other items to give away.”可知，Johnny Jennings 所在社区的成员们支持他回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的工作。4What makes Johnny Jennings special?AHis long life and hobby.BHis recycling work and donation.CThe p
19、ennies he collects.DThe amount of trees he plants.答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。文章讲述 Johnny Jennings常年回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的故事。所以是回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的故事让 Johnny Jennings与众不同。二、七选五Listening to others requires entering actively and imaginatively into the situation and trying to understand a frame of reference different from your ow
20、n，and yet so many of us dont listen properly as we should._1_ It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it.Here are some ways to become a better listener._2_ Make sure you actually hear fully what your friend is saying，and you cant cut your friend off verbally carelessly.While you
21、might intend to help move the conversation along，your friend might feel as if what he has said need to be continually talked over or sound anything but interesting.Nod to encourage the conversation along.A better option to let your friend know youre interested in what he says is just to nod along fr
22、om time to 5time.Sometimes you nod along but then start thinking about something unrelated to what he could say._3_Tune out background noise.If youre easily distracted by laughter，glasses clinking，children crying，you might need to work extra hard to focus only on your friend._4_ Dont hesitate to tel
23、l them that the background noises are getting in the way.If you cant focus，try moving to another area.No texting or looking at your phone！_5_ For you see，when youre sitting in front of someone，he is the most important person in your world at that moment.APractice silence when someone else is talking
24、.BIf necessary，ask your friend to repeat himself.CListening is more than just sitting silently while someone else talks.DWhoever is calling or texting can wait until youre done with your conversation.EQuestions you raise must clearly be motivated by curiosity about the speakers views.FIn this case,
25、try to push away your thoughts until youre absorbed in what your friend is saying.GRemembering ideas from previous conversations proves that your attention is kept and encourages your friend to continue.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何成为一位优秀的倾听者。难句分析：While you might intend to help move the conversation along，
26、your friend might feel as if what he has said need to be continually talked over or sound anything but interesting.(第三段最后一句)译文：虽然或许你打算帮助让谈话继续，但是你的朋友也许会感觉好像他所说的要不断地被讨论或者听起来根本是无趣的。词汇积累：verbally adv.口头上 option n选择 distract v使分心1C 根据下一句“It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it.”可知，
27、C 项“倾听不仅仅是别人讲话时安静地坐在那里”与下文联系密切，且C项中的“Listening”与下一句中的“It”相照应。故选 C。2A 根据下文内容可知，本段主要说明在别人讲话时，不要打扰对方。A 项“在别人讲话时，练习沉默”能够引起下文内容，符合语境。故选 A。3F 本段主要讲述了在别人讲话时，你应不时地点点头，让你的朋友知道你对他所说的感兴趣。所以当你有时点头却心不在焉时，要赶快把注意力转回到你朋友所说的话中。6故选 F。4B 下文提到，要毫不犹豫地告诉你的朋友噪音妨碍了你，由此推断出空格处应指如果受到了噪音的妨碍，可以请求朋友重复一遍。故选 B。5D 根据“No texting or
28、looking at your phone！”可知，D 项“无论谁的电话或者短信都可以等到你的谈话结束再回复”符合本段内容。故选 D。三、短文改错Mike，a famous writer，lives just next door to me.He is always ready give a helping hand to others，but he enjoys great popularity in the neighborhood.He often teaches us how to write stories and encourages me about his own experi
29、ence.He told to me he was born in a poor family.As a little boy，he has a dream to become a famous writer.He worked hardly and overcame thousands of difficulty.Finally，he entered a university in that he wrote many story books.Up till now，aging only forty，he has been very famous around the country.【答案
30、】Mike，a famous writer，lives just next door to me.He is always ready togive a helping hand to others， he enjoys great popularity in the butand/soneighborhood.He often teaches how to write stories and encourages me his own usme about withexperience.He told to me he was born in a poor family.As a littl
31、e boy，he a dream to become a famous writer.He worked and overcame thousands hashad hardly hardof .Finally，he entered a university in he wrote many story difficultydifficulties that whichbooks.Up till now， only forty，he has been very famous around the country.agingaged第一处：ready 后加 to。考查动词不定式。be ready
32、 to do sth.为固定用法，意为“准备好做某事；乐于做某事” 。第二处：but 改为 and/so。考查连词。Mike 乐于助人，因此他在社区很受欢迎。根据语境可知，此处用 and/so连接两个并列分句。第三处：us 改为 me。考查代词。第二段谈及的都是 Mike与作者本人之间的事，所以us改为 me。第四处：about 改为 with。考查介词。Mike 用他自己的经历鼓励作者。with 在此意为“以，使用” 。7第五处：删除 to。考查介词。tell sb.sth.为固定用法，意为“告诉某人某事” 。第六处：has 改为 had。考查时态。根据句中的 As a little boy
33、可知，此处叙述的是过去的事，故用一般过去时。第七处：hardly 改为 hard。考查副词。Mike 学习努力，克服了很多困难。hard“努力地” ，符合语境。hardly 意为“几乎不” 。第八处：difficulty 改为 difficulties。考查名词的数。根据句中的 thousands of可知，此处用名词的复数形式。第九处：that 改为 which。考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为 university，关系词作介词 in的宾语，所以用“in which”引导定语从句。第十处：aging 改为 aged。考查形容词。aged 为形容词，意为“岁” ，符合语境。四、语法填空Any
34、one who has had a longterm disease knows that recovering at home can be lonely.This can be _1_ (especial) true of children.They may feel _2_ (leave) out.Now, these children may have a hightech friend to help feel less alone.A small robot may help children who are recovering from longterm _3_ (ill)Th
35、e robot like human beings takes their place at school.And their school friends must help carry the robot between classes and place the robot on their desks.Through the robot, a child can hear his or her teachers and friends.He or she can also attend class from wherever they are recovering whether at
36、 home _4_ from a hospital bed.Dolva, one of the scientists who _5_ (be) concentrating on developing the robot, explains _6_ the robot AV1 works.She says from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot._7_ (use) the same device, he or she can control the robots movements.Inside the rob
37、ot, there is a small computer linked _8_ a 4G network.The robot is _9_ (equip) with speakers, microphones and cameras, which makes communicating _10_ (easy)So its the eyes and the ears and the voices at school.Hopefully AV1 will help some children feel less lonely while they are absent from class.语篇
38、解读：病人由于长期患病在家，可能会感觉很孤独，对于孩子更是如此。本文介绍了一种机器人，可以帮助患病的孩子减少孤独感。1especially 设空处修饰形容词 true，要用副词，故填 especially。2left feel 作连系动词，leave out 表示“遗漏；忽略” ，与主语之间是被动关系，8所以用过去分词形式作表语。故填 left。3illness(es) longterm 为形容词，意为“长期的” ，后应接名词。故填 illness(es)。4or 根据句中的 whether可知应填 or，whether .or .为固定搭配，意为“无论还是” 。5are 句意：多尔瓦作为潜心
39、研究机器人的科学家之一，解释了机器人 AV1是如何工作的。本句中，who 引导定语从句，先行词为 scientists，故从句谓语动词应用复数形式；全文主体时态为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时。故填 are。6how 句意见上一题解析。设空处引导宾语从句，作 explains的宾语，根据句意，句中缺少状语，表示“方式” ，故用 how引导该从句。7Using 句中已有谓语 can control，因此，设空处应用非谓语动词；use 与其逻辑主语 he or she之间为主动关系，且在句中作方式状语。故填 Using。8to/with be linked to/with .为固定搭配，意为“与连接” 。故填to/with。9equipped be equipped with .为固定搭配，意为“装配有” 。故填equipped。10easier 设空处在定语从句中作 makes的宾语补足语，而且本句暗含比较意义，应用形容词的比较级。故填 easier。
