1、12019高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练（1）李仕才AIf you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news-if you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited
2、 what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer disease.” They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.The re
3、searchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.The researchers say ribo
4、somes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cells energy to make those proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down. However, “repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producin
5、g high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car.” They need “maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear o
6、ut,” he explained, “you dont throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.”“Food,” he said, “isnt just material to be burned-its a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this
7、may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”21.What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?A. They can keep healthy easilyB. They need more energy to be activeC. They can look younger than they areD. They will live a longer life like humans2.What will happen
8、 to ribosomes if there are fewer calories?A. They will completely break downB. They make proteins in the cells slowlyC. They will produce high quality proteins moreD. They may need more time to repair themselves3.Price explained the ribosomes role of repairing themselves by _.A. telling a story B. l
9、isting basic dataC. making comparisons D. experimenting on mice4.What does the text mainly deal with?A. Food decides how long you liveB. Can you slow down your aging process?C. Eating less may help you live longerD. Should your diet be reduced for your health?【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过研究实验发现：吃的少会使你长寿。1.A 【解析
10、】细节理解题。根据第二段中 The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.的提示可知他们能够很容易保持健康，故选 A。2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中 The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes.的提示可知它们会在细胞中缓
11、慢地产生蛋白质，故选 B。4.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段首句 If you want to slow aging, you might want 3to eat less. This finding is good news的提示可知这片名文章的主旨是吃的少会使你长寿，故选 C。 B(2015南宁第二次适应性测试)LSE Summer School, located in the heart of London, is the largest university summer school in Europe.Our courses are suitable for those wh
12、o are at, or are about to start university.Our school will begin accepting applications in March 2017.CoursesAccounting，Finance，Law，Economics，Business and International Relations.DatesSession One: 6 26 July; Session Two: 27 July 14 August._RatesThe student rate The standard rateOne Session 1,775 2,5
13、00Both Session 2,975 4,250The student rate applies to all fulltime students who are studying at a university or college anywhere in the world.Accommodation is not included.In addition, a 50 application fee must be paid when submitting your application._Applicant_requirementsIf you have studied in th
14、e UK, you dont need any additional English qualifications.Students from other countries will generally not require a visa to study at our school.However, you will enter the UK as a “Student Visitor”Course changes are permitted before the start of the programme and 4within three days of the session._
15、Contact_hours_and_teaching_methodsLSE Summer School courses are fulltime and normally consist of 48 hours over the threeweek period, taking the form of 36 hours of lectures and 12 hours of classes.Lectures, attended by all students, take place in either the morning or afternoon supplemented by small
16、 onehour classes of approximately 15 students._Assessment_and_examinationsAssessment for LSE Summer School is based on the results of either two written examinations，or a final written examination and assessed work.Examinations are required and no exception can be made for any reason.Successful stud
17、ents are awarded a certificate and transcript.If you have any questions, please click here to see our frequently asked questions or contact us.【解题导语】 本文对 LSE暑期学校的课程、费用、申请要求等方面进行了介绍，以吸引更多的学生前来学习。1. You will probably find the passage_.Ain a magazine Bin a newspaperCin a textbook Don a website解析：选 D。推理
18、判断题。根据文章的最后一段“If you have any questions，please click here to see our frequently asked questions or contact us.”可知，此文可以在网站上看到，即 D项正确。2According to the text, Jack, a fulltime student in London, will at least pay _for his onesession programme in LSE Summer School.A1,775 B1,825C2,500 D2,550解析：选 B。数字计算题。
19、根据表格可知：一个学期的学费至少为 1 775英镑，又根据5下文的“In addition，a 50 application fee must be paid when submitting your application.”可知，杰克至少要花费 1 825英镑，即 B项正确。3. From the text we learn that_.Astudents may have lectures at night at timesBthe two programmes are only designed for foreign students Cstudents who have passe
20、d the required examinations will get a certificateDa visa and fluent spoken English are required to study in LSE Summer School解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据 Assessment_and_examinations下的“Examinations are required and no exception can be made for any reason.Successful students are awarded a certificate and transcri
21、pt.”可知，通过考试的学生可以拿到证书，即 C项正确。4. For what purpose is the text written?A. Attracting students to attend the programmes in LSE Summer School.BIntroducing some famous teachers and courses in LSE Summer School.CGetting students to know more about the programmes in the UK.DOffering some cheaper courses for
22、 students from the UK.解析：选 A。写作意图题。综合全文可知，本文旨在吸引学生参加 LSE暑期学校的项目，即 A项正确。CIt is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. An even worse tale is that swallowed gum can wrap itself around your hea
23、rt.But what does happen if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing gum is made out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestibleit is a mixture of different ingredients (成分) that our body cant absorb.6Most of the time, your stomach really cannot bre
24、ak down the gum the way it would break down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving along until they make it all the way through the gut (肠子) and come out at the
25、 other end one or two days later.The saliva (唾液) in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell but many of gums base ingredients are indigestible. Its then down to our stomach muscleswhich contract and relax, much like
26、the way an earthworm movesto slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive tube than adultsbut th
27、is is extremely rare.文章大意：本文为一篇科普类说明文。误食口香糖是不是像大人吓小孩子那样可怕呢？本文对此进行了分析。1Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly because _.Athey believe the tall tales about chewing gumBchewing gum will stay in their body for yearsCtheir heart will be wrapped by chewing gumDchewing gum is ind
28、igestible for children答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children.”以及对第二、三句话的理解可知，答案 A符合文义。B、C 两项只是分别说明了 tall tale的内容，故排除。2What happens to the food that cant be fully broken down?AIt remains in our digestive system forever.BIt will be eventually moved out of our body.C
29、It will fight against the power of the gut.DIt will stick to the gut for one or two days.答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句“After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving. come out at the other end one or two days later.”可知，答案 B符合文义。73The word It (in the 4th paragraph) ref
30、ers to _.AThe attempt BThe salviaCThe shell DThe gum base答案：B 指代判断题。根据对文章第四段前两句的理解可知，此处的 It是指第四段第一句中的 The saliva(唾液)，故答案 B符合文义。4What would be the best title for text?AHow does our digestive system work?BCan chewing gum be swallowed by kids?CDoes swallowing chewing gum matter?DWhy swallowing chewing
31、gum frightens kids?答案：C 标题概括题。文章第一段由一个使小孩子害怕的说法导入话题，下文是对口香糖进入肚子后会怎样的一个科学解释，由此可推知，选项 C“误食口香糖要紧吗”最适合作为文章标题。D(2016西宁三校联考)India is a country with 1.2 billion people，of which 30% still live in poverty，and 56% of the workforce is engaged in agriculture even though it contributes only 18% of GDP.Reforming
32、Indias economy will therefore require more than just the relaxation of business regulations; it will require a massive reallocation of labor and the retraining of farm workers for other professions through better education and vocational training.In addition，only 29% of women in India are in the wor
33、kforce even though they make up 50% of the population，which represents the severe underuse of a valuable resource，and a barrier to progress.The government with Modi as the Premier will have to create a basic construction to correct the problem of these inefficiencies.It is also important to note tha
34、t the reorganization of Indias labor force will take years，if not decades，to produce results for the economy.All this can push returns down for investors in the short and medium term.8Another major challenge for Indias free market experiment will be the foundation of BJP (人民党)，which has its roots in
35、 religion.Free market economics cant work properly without a truly free society，and the conservative social and political philosophies (思想体系) of Modis party could prevent that from happening.The rural base of the BJP also creates another risk for the agenda of the government.While Indias poor people
36、 will certainly benefit from economic reform，they are also the easiest to be exploited by some corporations and may require statesponsored welfare for existence.This creates an obvious contradiction for the government and a real free market in India.To lift the country economically，capitalist princi
37、ples must be accepted completely，but without state control，Indias poor and middle class may be left behind.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了印度的政治环境以及目前所面临的经济改革问题。1To change Indias economy more effectively，_.Abusiness regulations should be restrictedBfarm workers deserve retraining and reallocatingCmore people should b
38、e engaged in agricultureDwomen make up 50% of the workforce解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“it will require a massive reallocation of labor and the retraining of farm workers”可知，需要重新分配劳动力和重新培训农民工，即 B项正确。2Free market economics can function well with _.Atraditional social structuresBa society full of libertyCcon
39、servative political philosophiesDthe basic policy of BJP9解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Free market economics cant work properly without a truly free society”可知，自由市场经济能够正常运转需要一个真正自由的社会，即 B项正确。3Under the control of the government，_ will benefit from the economic reform.Aboth commerce and industryBboth state f
40、actories and local firmsCboth middle class people and poor peopleDboth urban and rural areas解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“While Indias poor people will certainly benefit from economic reform”和“but without state control，Indias poor and middle class may be left behind”可知，经济改革将使中产阶级的人和穷人都受益，即 C项正确。4The tone o
41、f the author towards Indias economic reform is _.Afavorable BdisapprovingCoptimistic Ddoubtful解析：选 D。推理判断题。根据文章的第三段和第四段的“The rural base of the BJP also creates another risk for the agenda of the government.”可知，印度的经济改革挑战巨大、困难重重，作者对其持怀疑态度，即 D项正确。EChinas admiration of outstanding scholars has turned th
42、e well-preserved childhood home of Tu Youyou,the Chinese pharmacologist(药理学家)who won the 2015 years Nobel Prize in Physiology(生理学),into a popular tourist destination.Since it was announced that Tu had become the first Chinese citizen to win this international prize,her former home in the old town of
43、 Ningbo,Zhejiang Province,has attracted visitors,especially parents and their children even though 10it is not open to the public.The house,where Tu lived until she went to university in Beijing,covers an area of 2,200 square meters and is priced at 150 million yuan($23.6 million).It is part of a co
44、mplex of 37 traditional buildings,including several city-and-district-level cultural relic preservation sites,that have been transformed into a high-end art,and commercial zone.“There are continually parents taking their children,from infants in strollers to college students,to take photos in front
45、of Tus former home.Security guards have been ordered to go on patrol around the clock,”said Mr Zhao,a salesperson from Ningbo Real Estate Inc.Co.Shanghai resident Xu Lingfei,who was on a trip to Ningbo,took her 9-year-old son to walk around the complex.“Chinese people believe in exams and awards and
46、 have a strong preference for high performers.Taking children to visit the former dwelling places of celebrities(名人)is a way to inspire them to study harder,”Xu said.Something similar happened after Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in literature in 2012.Tourists started visiting Mos former home in rural G
47、aomi,Shandong Province in an endless stream starting the day after he won the prize.Some even pulled the radishes planted in front of the house,and carried away some bricks.1.Tu Youyous former house is now popular mainly because . A.Tu won the Nobel PrizeB.it has some cultural relicsC.it covers a la
48、rge areaD.it is a great art and commercial zone答案:A解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段“SinceitwasannouncedthatTuhadbecomethefirstChinesecitizentowinthisinternationalprize,herformerhomeintheoldtownofNingbo,ZhejiangProvince,hasattractedvisitors,especiallyparentsandtheirchildreneventhoughitisnotopentothepublic.”可知屠呦呦的故居现
49、在受欢迎主要是因为屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖。故选 A项。112.Why did Xu Lingfei take her son to visit Tus former home?A.She admired Tu very much.B.She planned to buy the house.C.She intended to take photos there.D.She wanted her son to be inspired.答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子“Chinesepeoplebelieveinexamsandawardsandhaveastrongpreferenceforhighperformers.Takingchildrentovisittheformerdwellingplacesofcele
