2018年秋七年级数学上册第1章有理数1.2.3绝对值教学课件(新版)湘教版.ppt

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1、第1章 有理数,1.2.3 绝对值,授课人:XXXX,小明家、学校、小李家在数轴上的位置分别如图中点A, O, B所示.若数轴的单位长度表示1km,则A,B两点表示的有理数分别是多少?小明、小李各自从家到学校要走多远?,一、新课引入,点A表示-4,小明从家到学校要走4km,点B表示2,小李从家到学校要走2km.,二、新课讲解,我们把4叫做-4的绝对值,记做“|-4|=4”;,把2叫做2的绝对值,记做“|2|=2”.,二、新课讲解,正数的绝对值是它本身.,负数的绝对值是它的相反数.,0 的绝对值是0.,从而,互为相反数的两个数的绝对值相等.,结论,二、新课讲解,一般地,有下述结论:一个数的绝对

2、值等于数轴上表示这个数的点与原点的距离.,二、新课讲解,例1 求下列各数的绝对值: -7.5 , 0,二、新课讲解,| -7.5 |,-7.5是负数,负数绝对值等于它相反数.,=,7.5,| 0 |,0 的绝对值等于0.,=,0,解:,二、新课讲解,例2 若|a|= 8.7,求a.,解,互为相反数的两个数的绝对值相等.,因为绝对值等于8.7的有理数有8.7和-8.7两个,,所以a=8.7或a=-8.7.,二、新课讲解,如果 a 表示一个数,则|a|等于多少?,(1)当a是正数时,| a |= a;,(3)当a是负数时,| a |= -a.,(2)当a=0时,| a |=0 ;,一般地,如果 a 表示一个数,则,即| a |是指a和-a中非负数的另一个.,三、归纳小结,1.求下列各数的绝对值:3,3.14,-2.8.,解,| 3 |=3; | 3.14 |=3.14; | -2.8 |=2.8 .,四、强化训练,2. 填空:,-|-2010|= ; -| -2.8 | = .,-2010,-2.8,四、强化训练,3. 画一条数轴,并标出表示绝对值等于2,3.5的数的点.,四、强化训练,本课结束,

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