2018年高中化学专题1洁净安全的生存环境第二单元水资源的合理利用课件5苏教版选修1.ppt

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第二单元水资源的合理利用,(一)天然水中的杂质:,胶体物质,溶解物质,悬浮物质,一、生活中的饮用水,(二)改善水质的方法,1、沉降法,明矾 (十二水硫酸铝钾KAl(SO4)212H2O) 净水原理:,具有强吸附性的活性炭可除去水中的异味及吸附某些溶解在水中的杂质。,2 活性炭吸附,(1)氯气消毒杀菌的原理:,Cl2 +H2O HCl + HClO,常用消毒剂有漂白粉、液氯、二氧化氯、臭氧等。,问题:用什么方法可以鉴别纯净水和自来水?,3消毒剂杀菌,水垢的成分及水垢产生的原因?,4、硬水及其软化,天然水成分:Ca2、Mg2 、HCO3、CO32、Cl 、 SO42 、NO3 硬水:含有较多量的_的水 软水:只含较少量或不含_的水,(1)软水和硬水,加热煮沸法: 离子交换法:,(2)硬水及其软化,(一)水质检测,1.测定水体的PH,2.河水的PH与水生生物的生存关系,二、水质评价与污水处理,(二)水污染的治理方法:,1.物理方法,2.化学方法,3.生物方法,中和法 氧化还原法 沉淀法,

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