2018年高中化学主题3合理利用化学能源课题1电池探秘课件2鲁科版选修1.ppt

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1、原电池发明之旅,第一站 一只蛙腿引发的猜想,1,不同金属抽搐感强,相同金属、木头、松脂不抽搐,伽伐尼 18世纪意大利生物学家,伽伐尼,1780年 青蛙抽搐实验,生物电,第二站 伏打电池问世,2,伏特,只要有两种不同金属互相接触,中间隔以湿的硬纸其他海绵状的东西,不管有没有蛙腿,都有电流产生。,伏特电堆,任务一,现有0.1mol/L CuSO4溶液、Zn片、Cu片、电流表等仪器试剂若干,根据要求填写学案;设计并完成实验验证有电流产生。,外电路,内电路,1.构成原电池的条件?2.总结归纳如何判断与电池的正负极。,该原电池能否长期产生电流呢?,单池单液原电池缺点:效率低;能量有损耗。,3.观察实际现

2、象与预期现象有何不同?原因?,关键:避免锌与CuSO4 溶液的直接反应,应把锌与CuSO4 溶液分开,任务二,仪器药品:现有CuSO4溶液、ZnSO4溶液、KCl溶液、Zn片、 Cu片、滤纸、电流表等,探究:如何改进原电池?,Cu,Zn,CuSO4溶液,A,烧杯中加什么溶液?,不与锌反应的溶液,为什么?,改进一,Cu,Zn,CuSO4溶液,Zn2+,SO42-,A,实验探究二,什么物质能作为离子通道,让Zn2+、SO42-沿着它移动呢 ?,第三站 丹尼尔双液电池,3,单液电池too low!,约翰弗雷德里克丹尼尔 19世纪英国化学家、物理学家。,盐桥,盐桥中一般装有饱和的KCl溶液和琼脂制成的

3、胶冻; 琼脂的作用是防止管中溶液流出; K+和Cl-能在胶冻内以及溶液中自由移动。,Cu,Zn,CuSO4溶液,Zn2+,SO42-,现象:,电流计指针偏转,A,盐桥的作用?,构成闭合回路;保持溶液的电中性,实验探究三,连接、取出盐桥,观察现象,验证能否构成原电池,现象:,电流计指针偏转,盐桥:含琼胶饱和KCl溶液,实验探究三,连接、取出盐桥,观察现象,验证能否构成原电池,锌半电池,铜半电池,电极反应: 负极: ; 正极: ; 总反应:,Cu2+2e- =Cu,Zn2e- =Zn2+,Zn + Cu2+= Zn2+ + Cu,双液电池的优点?,使原电池中氧化剂和还原剂几乎完全隔离,并在不同区域之间实现了电子的定向移动,使原电池能持续、稳定的产生电流。延长电池寿命。,练一练,请利用:CuSO4 + Fe Fe SO4 + Cu 的反应原理,设计一个带盐桥的原电池装置,小结,盐桥的作用;优点,1.原电池的工作原理,2.双池双液原电池,3.原电池的设计,谢谢,

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