八年级上册物理1.2《测量长度和时间》新知预习课件(新版)粤教沪版.ppt

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测量长度和时间新知预习,2、测量的工具,1、测量的意义,视觉上长短的错误,单凭我们的眼睛来判断事物有时是错误的,所以我们在探究物体的运动规律时要进行测量。,视觉上动静的错误,要测量长度和时间就要有相应的测量工具。,2、测量的工具,他们在使用时都需要注意哪些事项呢?,思考:,常用的时间测量工具,常用的长度测量工具,手表,手机停表,刻度尺,游标卡尺,卷尺,(一)使用刻度尺的注意事项,3、测量注意事项,1)刻度尺要放正,有刻度的一边要紧贴被测物体;,2)读数时视线要与尺面垂直;,3)读数时注意估读;,4)客观记录测量结果;,5)多次测量求平均值。,(二)用机械停表测时间应注意,1)使用前先上紧发条,但不要过紧,以免损坏发条;,2)注意调零;,3)按表时不要用力过猛,以防损坏机件。,测量误差是科学探究中不可忽视的一个问题,4、测量误差,减小误差的方法: 1)校准测量工具 2)改进测量方法 3)选用精度高的测量工具 4)多次测量取平均值,想一想:通过预习,你了解到哪些问题?,1、为什么要进行测量?,2、测量长度和时间的工具分别有哪些?,3、测量中需要注意的事项有哪些?,4、如何理解测量误差?,

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