八年级物理上册3.7《眼睛与光学仪器》第一课时课件(新版)粤教沪版.ppt

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1、第三章 光和眼睛,3.7、眼睛与光学仪器 第一课时,课前导入,想一想,人的眼睛的成像原理是怎样的?配戴眼镜的作用又是怎样的?,1、了解眼睛的构造,知道眼睛是怎样看见物体的。 2、理解眼镜是怎样矫正视力的。会根据眼睛的度数确定焦距。,学习目标,学习目标,一、眼睛是怎样看见物体的,人眼看物体和凸透镜成像的原理是一样的,新知探究,人的眼睛,眼睛的构造,我们是如何看到物体的,新知探究,物体在视网膜上成缩小、倒立的实像。,一、眼睛是怎样看见物体的,新知探究,正常人眼看清远近物体的原理:,当睫状体放松时,晶状体变薄,远处来的光线恰好会聚在视网膜上,眼球可以看清远处的物体。,当睫状体收缩时,晶状体变厚,近处

2、来的光线恰好会聚在视网膜上,眼球可以看清近处的物体。,晶状体的调节作用,一、眼睛是怎样看见物体的,新知探究,视力的缺陷,(1)近视眼的成因 (看不清远处物体),(2)远视眼的成因 (看不清近处物体),一、眼睛是怎样看见物体的,新知探究,视力的缺陷带来的不便和危害,远视眼除了视力模糊外,视疲劳是远视眼最为常见的症状,同时还伴有头痛、头晕等症状。,近视眼除了看不清远处物体外,还可能由于长时间看不清物体,而造成眯眼等恶习。,为了解除烦恼和危害,我们已经采取相应的措施来进行视力的矫正。,一、眼睛是怎样看见物体的,新知探究,活动1:研究近视眼镜和远视眼镜,一、眼睛是怎样看见物体的,1、近视眼的矫正,配戴

3、用凹透镜做成的近视眼镜。,新知探究,活动1:研究近视眼镜和远视眼镜,一、眼睛是怎样看见物体的,2、远视眼的矫正,配戴用凸透镜做成的远视眼镜。(老花眼镜),新知探究,老花镜和近视镜,1、凸透镜可制作老花镜,2、凹透镜可制作近视镜,一、眼睛是怎样看见物体的,新知探究,信息浏览:眼镜的度数,眼镜的规格通常不用焦距、而是“度”表示,其数值等于焦距(以米为单位)倒数的100倍。近视眼和远视眼应到相关的眼科医学部门进行检查。不能随意佩戴眼镜度数。凸透镜的度数为正凹透镜的度数为负,一、眼睛是怎样看见物体的,通过这节课的学习,你有什么收获?,本课小结,本课小结,一、眼睛的结构,三、视力的矫正,2、在近视眼模型前加一个焦距合适的凹透镜;,1、在远视眼模型前加一个焦距合适的凸透镜。,二、眼睛是怎样看见物体的,正常人眼看清远近物体的原理:晶状体的调节作用,随堂练习,随堂练习,1.近视眼看不清远处的物体,因为远处的物体的像落在视网膜的_(前方/后方),可以通过配戴_透镜进行矫正。,前方,凹,随堂练习,随堂练习,2.下列两示意图中属于远视眼的是( ),甲 乙,乙,随堂练习, A、 B、 C、 D、,3在下图中,分别表示近视眼成像情况和矫正做法的是( ),B,

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