八年级生物上册20.2《性状遗传的物质基础》课件2(新版)北师大版.ppt

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1、第2节 性状遗传的物质基础,1.有哪些相似的性状?,2.父子间相似的性状与什么相关?,克隆羊多莉,A,B,C,它像谁?是 羊?是 羊?还是 羊?,A羊,B羊,C羊,多莉诞生的过程,看看你会填写吗?,1、在细胞核里有一个叫 的结构,是遗传物质的载体 2、染色体的主要成份是 和 ,其中起遗传作用的是 ,是性状遗传的物质基础。 3、在DNA上有遗传效应的片断叫 ,它控制生物体的性状表现,是基本遗传单位。,染色体,DNA,蛋白质,DNA,基因,细胞核里有染色体,染色体由DNA和蛋白质组成,基因是有遗传效应的DNA片段。,每条染色体上一般只有一个DNA分子,一个DNA分子上包含多个基因。,*,*,不同生

2、物的染色体数,先天性愚型遗传病人,特纳氏综合症遗传病人,根据有关的信息填写下列空格,1、每一种动物或植物的体细胞中,染色体的数目是 。 2、在生物体的体细胞中,染色体 存在,一条来自于,一条来自于,因此,决定某一性状的基因也是 存在。,特定的,成对,成对,父方,母方,人类基因组,科学家估计人类可能有30000个不同的基因,一种生物的全部不同基因所组成的一套基因,就是这种生物的基因组。,你有收获?说来听听,在细胞核里有染色体,染色体由DNA和蛋白质组成,基因是有遗传效应的DNA片断。 每一种动物或植物的体细胞中,染色体的数目是特定的,通常是成对存在的,一条来自父方,另一条来自母方。基因也和染色体

3、一样在体细胞中是成对存在的。,知识延伸和拓展:请同学们搜集在人类基因组研究中, 我国取得的有关成果的资料。,你知道吗?,.控制生物遗传性状的基因,位于细胞的哪一种结构上?( ).细胞壁 .细胞膜 .叶绿体 .染色体2.人体细胞内的染色体,正常来源是( )A.一半来自父方,一半来自母方 B.一半以上来自父方,一半以下来自母方C.一半以上来自母方,一半以下来自父方D.与父亲相似的人,来自父方 ;与母亲相似的人, 来自母方 3.下列细胞中,不具有成对染色体的是( ).叶肉细胞 .肝细胞 .精子 .受精卵,D,C,A,4.下列有关染色体、DNA、基因、性状的叙述中哪一种错误?( ).DNA主要位于染色体上 .基因位于DNA上 .染色体的数目和基因的数目一样多 .性状的数目比染色体数目多很多,C,

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